国家开放大学电大《管理学基础》2022期末试题及答案（试卷号：2064）

国家开放大学电大管理学根底2022期末试题及答案试卷号：2064国家开放大学电大管理学根底2022期末试题及答案试卷号：2064 一、单项选择以下选项中只有一个答案是最准确的，请将其序号填入括号中。每题2分，共20分 1“管理就是决策”是以下哪位经济学家的观点？( ) A弗雷德里克泰罗 B亨利法约尔 C赫伯特西蒙 D马克斯韦伯 2泰罗科学管理理论的中心问题是( )。 A科学技术 B加强人的管理 C进步劳动消费率 D增强责任感 3方案工作的核心环节是( )。 A控制 B预测 C组织 D决策 4企业目的的内容和重点是随着外界环境、企业经营思想、自身优势的变化而变化的。这就是企业目的的( )。 A层次性 B多重性 C变动性 D重合性 5战略只是规定了开展方向、目的和根本措施，为了使其得以顺利执行，必须( )，以明确每一阶段的任务。 A编制详细的行动方案 B进展方案分解 C进展构造调整 D进展目的分解 6决策的起点是( )。 A识别问题 B拟定备选方案 C确定决策目的 D确定决策原那么 7矩阵式组织属于( )组织构造。 A.机械式 B有机式 C直线式 D平行式 8根据每个人的才能大小安排适宜的岗位。这就是人员装备的( )原那么。 A.因人设职 B量才使用 C任人唯贤 D因事择人 9领导者以自身的专业知识、个性特征等影响或改变被领导者的心理和行为的力量是他的( )。 A.法定权利 B奖惩权利 C组织权利 D自身影响力 10.根据强化理论，职工努力工作是为了防止不希望得到的结果，这就是( )。 A自然消退 B惩罚 C消极强化 D正强化 二、多项选择以下选项中有2-4个是准确的，请将这些选项的序号填入括号中，多项选择或少选均不得分。每题2分，共10分 11用数字形式表示的方案是预算。如选项( )。 A.销售费用预算 B零基预算 C广告预算 D本钱预算 12制定战略的重要目的就是( )。 A赢得竞争优势 B战胜竞争对手 C改善组织现状 D赢得市场和顾客 13.坚持组织构造设计的弹性原那么要做到( )。 A按任务和目的需要设立岗位 B定期更换管理人员 C实行职工一专多能 D多种用工制度14.当一个人的需要得不到满足，会产生挫折感，受挫后的防范措施-般有( )。 A紧张不安的措施 B积极进取的措施 C消极防范的措施 D寻求鼓励的措施 15.企业中应当承当控制职责的人员包括( )。 A企业高层管理人员 B行业主管人员 C中层管理人员 D基层管理人员 三、判断正误以下各题有对有错，对的打，错的打。每题2分，共10分 16.权变理论认为，组织的管理没有绝对正确的方法，也不存在普遍适用的理论。采用哪种理论和方法进展管理，要视组织的实际情况和所处的环境而定。(，) 17.运用德尔菲法进展决策时，对专家成员的意见采用统计方法予以定量处理，所以说它是定量决策。( ) 18.人员装备的主要任务就是为组织装备适宜的管理人员。( ) 19.人们常常会说：“那不是我的意思！”或者“我还以为是这样！”这些话反映了错误地发出和接收信息在沟通中经常出现。( ) 20.采购控制的一项重要工作就是对输入品进展评价和挑选，以确保输入品的质量、数量和建立稳定的购销关系。( ) 四、配伍题请将以下代表名词解释的英文字母填在与其相对应的名词后的括号中。每题2分，共10分 A.又称人际关系技能，是指成功地与人打交道并与别人沟通的才能 B它是指组织为了实现长期生存和开展，在综合分析p 组织内部条件和外部环境的根底上作出的一系列带有全局性和长远性的谋划 C它是指管理者从事自己管理范围内的工作所需要的技术和才能 D它是为了实现长期生存和开展，在对组织内部资条件和外部环境进展分析p 的根底上，确定战略目的和实现目的的有效战略，并将战略付诸施行和对战略施行过程进展控制和评价的一个动态过程 E它是期望的成果，这些成果可能是个人的、部门的或整个组织的努力方向 21技术技能( C )。 22人际技能(A )。 23目的(E )。 24战略( B )。 25战略管理(D )。 答：21.C 22.A 23.E 24.B 25.D 五、简答题每题10分，共30分 26.人际关系学说的主要内容有哪些？ 答：在霍桑试验的根底上，梅奥创立了人际关系学说。主要内容是： (1)员工是“社会人”。人际关系学说强调，金钱并非是刺激员工积极性的惟一动力，人与人之间的友谊、归属感等社会的和心理的欲望的满足，也是非常重要的因素。 (2)满足工人的社会欲望，进步工人的士气，是进步消费效率的关键。 (3)企业存在着“非正式组织”。“非正式组织”与“正式组织”互相依存，对消费效率的进步有很大的影响。 27.战略的构成要素有哪些？ 答：一项有效的组织战略应包括五个根本要素：战略远景、目的与目的、资、业务和组织。战略远景。战略远景是指组织在社会进步和经济开展中应担当的角色和责任。 目的与目的。目的是指详细的中期和短期的可量化的目的。目的是指在相应期限内的定性期望。 资。组织中的资包括有形资和无形资，它是组织战略的关键要素，是组织持续竞争优势的泉。 业务。它指的是组织参与竞争的产业领域。 组织。它指的是组织构造与管理体制等要素，共同形成组织的行政关系，维持各业务单元之间的一致性，保证战略方案的有效施行。 28.内部提升管理人员有哪些优缺点？ 答：优点： (1)有利于调动组织内部成员的工作积极性。 (2)有利于吸引外部人才。 (3)有利于保证选聘工作的正确性。 (4)有利于被聘者迅速展开工作。 缺点： (1)引起同事之间的不团结。 (2)可能造成“近亲繁殖”的现象，并抑制组织创新力。 六、案例分析p 20分 29.让班组做主 前进通用机器厂金属加工车间主任史涛，不久前被厂里派到市经委办的第三期基层管理短训班学习。他听到了不少专家、学者所做的关于现代化管理理论与方法的报告，很受启发。给他印象最深的，是一位姓孟的老教授关于群体决策的讲演。孟教授强调说，根据大量国内外研究结果及理论说明，只要给广阔职工时机，他们就会集体想出高明的主意，领导也会乐于采纳。就是说，应当充分发扬民主，让各班组去做主，制定有关他们工作的决策。 老史觉得这个观点很有道理。短训班完毕回到车间后，老史决定在理论中试一试他所学的某些原理。于是他把本车间第二工段的25名职工全都召集起来，对他们说，因为他们工段新近添置了高效率的、自动化程度相当高的新设备，几年前制定的老消费定额看来已过时，显然已不适应新情况。如今想让他们自己来讨论一下，集体决定新的消费定额。布置完了，老史就回车间办公室去了。他觉得自己不该参加讨论，领导在场，大家不易畅所欲言，而且显得对大家不够信任。但他坚信，群众准会定出连他本人都不敢提出的先进标准来。 一个小时之后，老史回到那个工段。工人们说，他们都觉得原来的定额不够合理，定得过高；如今既然受权他们自己来设置定额，经集体讨论决定，新定额应比原来的降低10。这使老史大吃一惊，跟他本来的如意算盘截然相反，完全出乎他的意料，使他一时不知所措。 该怎么办呢？承受大家的决定吧，又实在太低，肯定要赔钱，对厂里怎么交代得过去？回绝吧，失信于民，下回谁还听你的？ 老史实在进退两难，只好去登门拜访孟教授，请教他的高见，而且心里老大不快乐：这老书呆子，光出傻主意坑人，说的那套根本不灵嘛！问题： (1)孟教授讲的领导应发扬民主，给员工决策权的说法对吗？4分为什么？6分 (2)实行民主管理应具备哪些条件？6分该工段具备这些条件吗？4分 答：让班组做主 (1)从以下角度分析p ： 个人决策与群体决策的关系；领导风格与民主管理。 (2) 根据领导权变理论，领导方式必须随着被领导者的特点和环境的变化而变化。实行民主管理要求员工既有工作热情，又有必需的知识与才能。 该工段不具备这些条件。 都没有看过瘾。对于作者完全给不出差评！试卷代号：1162 中央播送电视大学2022-2022学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试英语(2) 试题2022年1月第一局部交际用语共计10分，每题2分1-5小题：阅读下面的小对话，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。1.Can you help me clear up the me?- A.Tell me who made it B.No trouble at allC.Yes, thatll be all right D.No problem 3.Is it going to be warm ne_t week?- A.Yes, it is B.I dont believe it C.No, it hasnt D.It changes all the time 5.15小题：阅读下面的句子，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。6.Unfortunately the poor girl cant do anything but - .all her belongings at alow price.A.to sell B.sellingC.sell D.sold 7.They were asked to avoid _any water which had not been boiled.A.drinking B.to drink C.having D.not to be drunk 8.John was bored, _he left his life in England.A.in addition B.so C.however D.furthermore 9.She is very careful.She _very few mistakes in her work.A.does B.takesC.makes D.gets 10.The workers are busy _models for the e_hibition.A.to make B.with makingC.being making D.making 11.- you change your mind, I wont be able to help you.A.When B.UnleC.While D.So 12.We are going to have our office _to make room for a new engineer.A.to rearrange B.rearrange C.rearranged D.rearranging 13.Since this road is wet and slippery this morning, it _- last night.A.must rajn B.was raining C.may be raining D.must have rained 14.Do you think Tommy is- the truth? A.sayingB.tellingC.speaking D.talking 15.John fell asleep _he was listening to the music.A.while B.before C.after D.as soon as 第三局部完形填空每题2分，共20分16carrots can be made to taste of chocolate andles can be made 18 .Some food that ears the same has been 19 improved, fore_le, fish can be made to grow faster.Should we be pleased or worried? Will newtechnology bring benefits, or is it about to g0 20 control? Geically engineered foods are produced by taking geic material from one speciesand transferring it 21 another.For e_le, an 6antifreeze gene which earsnaturally in Arctic fish has been introduced into tomatoes and strawberries 22 they dont freezein cold weather; a human gene has been introduced into pigs to make them 23 morequickly.Some claim great advantages.They point out that crops can be made stronger and moredisease resistant, _24 _pesticides can be reduced.They also maintain that food can bemade more nutritiousor that the fat content can 25 to make it healthier.16.A.are B.were C.is D.be 17.A.such that B.such as C.so that D.so as 18.A.more red B.much red C.redder D.reder 19.A.scientifically B.science C.scientific D.scientifical 20.A.under B.into C.out D.out of 21.A.for B.to C.out D.into 22.A.such that B.in order to C.so that D.so as to 23.A.grow B.to grow C.grog D.grown 24.A.because B.cause C.result D.so 25.A.be reducing B.be reduced C.reduced D.reducing 第四局部 阅读理解共计30分，每题2分 26I gue you can put up with a mattre on the floor! 26.This paage is a letter of .A.an informal invitation B.a formal invitation C.thanks D.plaint 27.When Charles writes, Im sorry about the lack of warning, he means that he is sorry that _.A: he did not give Bob a warning when Bob was unce in danger B.he is short of money, so he is not able to help Bob C.he should have given Bob a warning when he is in difficulty D.he is not able to write this letter to Bob earlier 28.Charles and his wife decided to hold the house-warming party9 mainly because A.they decided to have a rest after being busy moving to the new house B.they still had a little money left to afford the party C.the new motorway was open D.they wanted to meet their friends very much 29.From the letter we know that the new house that Charles moved in is B.two hours away from downtown A.very big _ C.in a new housing estate D.easy to find in the map 30.In the sentence Barbara and l hope that you can make it, the phrase make it is used to say that Bob can A.manage to attend their party B.find their new house in two hours C.do the trip from Bedford to Flinders D.put up with a mattre on the floor 短文理解2 Cash of all kinds, the French franc, the German mark, and the Italian lira, is bound to disear physically.The paper notes and gold coins may soon bee curious collections of the pre-electronic age.Digital money can replace every use of cash money.It is true that electronic money has been around for decades.Each week billions of institutional dollars flow through the Interbank Payment System through telephone wires and satellite links.But in the 21st century, entirely new forms of digital moneywill bee the meansof most personal financial trade.What a great change this will be! Digital credit cards, smart cards, electronic wallets and electronic checks will change our way of life in the 21st century.They are efficient and easy to use.Customers will not take money with them when they go shopping.They will pay theirbills from a smart cell phone or they will buy their coffee by using a digital credit card.How convenient it will be! And how easily people will do their shopping in such a way! With so many changes these days, the Inter will help speed up the end of cash.In Europe, some banks have been offering people electronic cash since late last year.Customers can withdraw money from their accounts through the banks website and store their ines on their home PCs.As the electronic cash is downloaded, the customers bank accounts are recorded.Since customers can use electronic cash to buy things on the Inter, electronic cash will transform the Inter into a global marketplace for everything.It is going to have a very big impact on our lives.The low cost of puter and munications has created a worldwide medium not just for finance, but also for many other things in our life.The Age of Inter has brought e-businees to our life, which perhaps will form the backbone of our economy.Mom and Pop can go global40小题：阅读以下短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是否正确(T)、错误(F),还是文字中没有涉及 (NG)。 阅读理解3 CETACEANS: FACT FILE There are over 80 species of whales, dolphins and porpoises, known collectively as cetaceans, throughout the world.They e in all shapes and sizes.Here are some facts and figures about these incredible animals.1.Largest The blue whale is the heaviest and Jongest animal on Earth.The average adult length is 25m for males and 26.2m for females, with body weights of 90-120 tonnes.2.Smallest Hectors dolphin is the worlds shortest cetacean.They may be only l.2m long when fully grown.3.Largest etite A blue whale eats up t0 4 tonnes of krill daily.This is equivalent to eating a fully grown African elephant every day.4.Deepest Dive The sperm whale is believed to dive deeper than any other cetacean.They have been known todive as deep as 20_m.5.Longest Lived One bowhead whale is reported to have been 130 years old when it died.6.Heaviest Brain The sperm whale has the worlds heaviest brain which can weigh up t0 9.2kg.This pares with the average l.4kg for the brain of an adult human.7.Most Endangered The baiji dolphin, or Chinese river dolphin, is the rarest dolphin in the world and isreported to be endangered.It lives in the Yangtze River in China.Conservation measures arebeing taken by the Chinese to save it.Questions 36-40: 36.Hectors dolphin is the smallest fish in the world.37.Blue whales eat as much as an African elephant does every day.38.Some whales can live for as long as 130 years.39.Whales are cleverer than humans.40.The brain of a sperm whale can be over 6 times heavier than a human one.第五局部书面表达20分Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an email to口businepartner named Robert in London about your trip ne_t week.You should write at least 80words and base your email on the Chinese outline below: 1承受邀请下星期到英国观光旅游。2希望对方能到机场接你。 3告诉对方你抵达的日期和航班号等。 试卷代号：1 1 62 中央播送电视大学2022-2022学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试英语(2) 试题答案及评分标准第一局部交际用语共计10分，每题2分1B 2D 3D 4A 5C 第二局部词汇与构造共计20分每题2分6C 7A 8B 9C 10D11B 12C13D 14B 15A第三局部完形填空共计20分，每题2分16A17.B 18C 19A 20D21B 22C 23A 24D 25B第四局部 阅读理解共计30分，每题2分 26A27.D 28B 29C 30.A31C 32A 33D 34B 35C36.F 37.F 38.T 39.NG 40.T第五局部 写作共计20分 Sle Dear Robert, Im very pleased to accept the kind invitation you e_tended in your last email.Implanning to spend my holiday in Britain ne_t week.Since this is my first visit to your country, I hope you will be able to meet me at the airport.My flight details-the plane leaves Beijing at 12:30 ne_t Thursday and arrives in London at 14:30 (local time).The flight number is CA1347.Thank you and looking forward to meeting you in London.Linlin第 11 页 共 11 页