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冠词02考点2:定冠词的用法1特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,这是定冠词的基本用法The books on the desk were published last month桌子上的那些书是上个月出版的。The factory I mentioned has installed a new assembly line我提到的那家工厂已经安装了一条新的装配线。We were all lost in the beauty of nature我们都被大自然的美所陶醉。2再次提到前面已出现的人或事物,表示特指He told us a story,but 1 was not interested in the story他给我们讲了一个故事,但我对这个故事不感兴趣。3指谈话双方都知道的人或事物 。We went to the station to see the manager off我们去车站为经理送行。4用在某些可数名词单数前,用来指事物的整体(总称)以将其与其他事物区别开来The telephone was invented by Bell电话是贝尔发明的。The elephant is much stronger than the horse象比马强壮得多。5用在表示某国人的名词前the Chinese中国人;the French法国人;the English英国人;the Spanish西班牙人;the Japanese日本人。6某些形容词或分词前加定冠词the表示一类人(表示复数)the homeless无家可归的人;the rich富人;the poor穷人;the blind盲人;the old老年人;the young年轻人;the strong强者;the weak弱者;the sick病人;the wounded伤者。7在序数词前要加定冠词the(有时在序数词前加不定冠词,表示“再”“又”)She lives on the twelfth floor她住在十二楼。8在形容词最高级及形容词only(唯一的),very(正是那个),sanle(同样的)等前加定冠词theThis is the most interesting film I have ever seen这是我看过的最有趣的电影。He must be the only student who has ever been to the city in our class他一定是我们班唯一去过那座城市的学生。Thats the very thing Ive been looking for那正是我要找的东西。9在表示一些独一无二的东西的名词前要用定冠词thethe earth地球;the moon月亮;the sun太阳;the sky天空;the universe宇宙;the world世界;the air空中;the ground地面。It is the east,and Juhet is the sun那是东方,而朱丽叶就是太阳。10用于时间、重量等单位名词之前,表示每一个单位The boat is hired by the hour小船按小时出租。nere are two or three apples to the pound每磅有两三个苹果。11在表示方位、方向的名词前用定冠词thein the east/south/west/north在东/南/西/北方;on the right/left在右/左边。12在表江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠、海峡、海湾等专有名词前,要用定冠词thethe Yellow River黄河;the Rhine莱茵河;the Pacific太平洋;the Red Sea红海;the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉;the British Isles不列颠群岛;the Taiwan Strait台湾海峡;the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠。13用在逢“十”的数词前,指世纪的某个年代in the 1980s/1980s在20世纪80年代。14乐器名称前用定冠词theShe plays the piano best in her class她钢琴在班上弹得最好。15在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词the表示“一家”the Browns布朗一家;the Lis姓李的一家。16用在“动词+sb+介词+the+表身体部位的名词”这一固定结构中hit sb in the face打某人的脸;take sb by the arm/hand抓住某人的胳膊/手;pat sb on the shoulder拍某人的肩;hit sb on the head打某人的头。特别提示在该结构中,不能用物主代词替代定冠词,常用于该结构的动词有pat,strike,beat,hit,catch,put,take等。17在短语搭配中in the end最后;come to the point谈到正题;on the contrary相反;in the morning在早晨;in the distance在远处;in the water在水中;on:the subject of关于的主题;on the air在广播。考点3 不用冠词的情况1可数名词复数表示泛指时,以及抽象名词和物质名词表示一Where theres smoke,theres fire谚无风不起浪。Many hands make light work谚人多好做事。2三餐、球类运动、娱乐名称、节日、星期、月份和日期前一般不用冠词,表季节的名词前用不用the意思没有区别play football/basketball/volleyball踢足球/打篮影打排球;play chess/cards下棋/打牌;New Years Day元旦(“the Spring Festival春节”例外)。He had nothing for breakfast this morning他今天早上没有吃早饭。特别提示有时在星期、月份和日期前加不定冠词,表示泛指。如:on a Monday在一个礼拜一;a very wet April一个雨水很多的四月。3在学科、语言、称呼语、大部分疾病名称或表头衔的名词前,不用冠词I think physics is more interesting than maths我认为物理比数学有趣。Whats the matter,Granny?奶奶,出什么事了吗?Cancer is a terrible disease癌症是一种可怕的疾病。4在turn(作“变成”解)后作表语的名词前,不用冠词He has turned doctor他已是名医生了。5在as,though引导的倒装分句中,名词前不用冠词Child as/though Tom is,you cant fool him虽然汤姆是个孩子,但你不能欺骗他。6在专有名词(洲名、人名、城市名、街道名、港口名、航空站名、火车站名、公园名、机关名及院校名)之前,一般不用冠词Asia亚洲;Mary玛丽;Shanghai上海;Wau Street华尔街;Pearl Harbor珍珠港;Beihai Park北海公园;Beijing University北京大学。7在一些固定短语中,名词前不用冠词at night在夜里;at home在家;day after day 日复一日;bytelephone打电话;in danger在危险中;on purpose故意地。考点4 有无冠词,意义不同by day在白天 by the day按天计算in case of以防 in the case of就来说in charge of负责,管理 in the charge of由负责in office执政 in the office在办公室in sight(of)看见 in the sight(of)在看来go to sea去当水手 go to the sea到海边去out of question毫无疑问 out of the question不可能take advice征求意见take the advice听从劝告be of age成年 be of all age同龄go to church去做礼拜 go to the church去教堂in prison坐牢 in the prison在监狱特别提示当地点名词表示地点时,其前用定冠词;表示在这一地点所发生的活动时,其前不加冠词。如:He went to the bed and fetched me a magazine before he went to bed,他睡觉前到床边给我拿了本杂志。典例:George couldnt remember when he first met MrAnderson,but Lhe was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at churchA/;the Bthe;/ Ca;/ D/;a【解析】 C不定冠词用于表示星期的名词前,泛指“某个星期几”;at church表示“做礼拜”,at the church表示”在教堂”。故本题选C。【2020高考模拟试题精讲精炼】1. He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump.A. the; the B. /; a C. the; a D. a; /【答案】C【解析】此句的第一空特指“跳高中的金牌”,故用定冠词the;第二空意为:再得到一次机会,泛指“一次机会”。句意:他在跳高中失去了金牌,但他在跳远中将得到一次机会。【考点】考查冠词的用法。2. We are said to be living in _ Information Age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes.A. an; the B. 不填; the C. 不填; a D. the; a【答案】 D【考点】本题考查冠词。【解析】第一空Information Age前加定冠词the为固定说法;第二空根据句意“据说我们正生活在信息时代,一个充满新发现和巨大变化的时代。”用不定冠词。故答案选D。3. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up meat processing factory of his own one day.A. / ; a B. / ;the C. the ; a D. the ; the【答案】A【考点】本题考查冠词,science是不可数名词,用the表示特指是不可能的,后面的factory是一个可数名词,用a 表示泛指。4. I woke up with bad headache, yet by evening the pain had gone.A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an【考点】冠词【答案】C【解析】第一空表示泛指;第二空为固定用法,用定冠词the,故选C项5. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.A.不填;a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a【答案】C【解析】第一空特指“已经画完的画”;第二空考查介词短语with satisfaction意为:满意地,作状语。此处satisfaction为抽象名词,在此短语中不用冠词。句意:Sarah满意地看着那幅已画完的画。【考点】考查冠词用法。6. Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times. www.A. the; the B. a; aC. a; 不填 D. 不填;a【答案】B【解析】此处考查抽象名词具体化。第一空中的a drink意为:一杯饮料;第二空中的a comfort意为:一件令人安慰的事。句意:在那些艰难的岁月里,能买得起一杯饮料是一种莫大的安慰。【考点】考查冠词的用法。7.Li Qun, who graduated from_university in South China, is now studying for her degree in _ European country,Aa, a Bthe, an Cthe, a Da ,an【答案】A【解析】考查冠词的用法。这里分别指的是华南的一所大学以及一个欧洲的国家,所以用不定冠词表泛指,需要注意的是,空格后的单词university和European,虽然都是以元音字母开头,但是在读音上却是以辅音开头,所以用不定冠词a。8. spacecraft Shenzhou VII took off On November 1,2020 at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest ChinaAThe;the BThe;不填CA;the DA;不填【答案】B【解析】 表特指用定冠词the。句意为:神州7号宇宙飞船于2020年11月1日在中国西北地区的酒泉卫星发射中心升空。9.I dont know who invented _ iphone, but I think it is _ useful inventionAthe; a Bthe; theCan; the Dan; a【答案】 A【解析】考查冠词。题中的iphone表特指,所以用定冠词the,下面说的iphone是一个有用的发明,表泛指,后面的useful,以辅音开头,所以用不定冠a。
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