2020年高考英语阅读理解分类强化训练（（科技类）（有详解）

2020年高考英语阅读理解分类强化训练（科技类）（附答案详解）(1)With only about 1, 000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物种). Thats a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noahs Ark”.Noahs Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎), semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A & Ms College of Veterinary Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species of mammals, birds reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.“The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available(capable of being used) panda eggs could be a major problem,” Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy (having a baby). It takes a long time and its difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A& M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.“They are trying to do something thats never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noahs Ark. Were both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and theres a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. Its a research that is very much needed.”1. The aim of “Noahs Ark” project is to _.A. make efforts to clone the endangered pandasB. save endangered animals from dying outC. collect DNA of endangered animals to studyD. transfer the nuclear of one animal to another2. According to Professor Kraemer, the major problem in cloning pandas would be the lack of _.A. available panda eggsB. host animalsC. qualified researchersD. enough money3. The best title for the passage may be _.A. Chinas Success in Pandas CloningB. The First Cloned Panda in the WorldC. Exploring the Possibility to Clone PandasD. China the Native Place of Pandas Forever4. From the passage we know that _.A. Kraemer and his team have succeeded in cloning a dogB. scientists try to implant a pandas egg into a rabbitC. Kraemer will work with Chinese scientists in clone researchesD. about two thousand of species will probably die out in a century【答案与解析】本文讲述中国正在竭力克隆濒临绝种的熊猫，这和Texas A & M University 的Noahs Ark(诺亚方舟)工程极为相似，都是想拯救濒临灭绝的动物。1. B。语义理解题。从第2段内容可知，“诺亚方舟”工程的目标是把濒临灭绝的动物的蛋(卵)、胚胎、精液和DNA储存在液体氮中，如果某一种动物濒临灭绝时，将来可以重现这一动物。2. A。细节题。从第6段第1句话 The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available (capable of being used ) panda eggs could be a major problem 可以做出正确判断。3. C。主旨题。从文章内容来看，无论是中国还是世界克隆熊猫还没有成功，所以排除A、B项；D项内容明显与文章内容不符，故排除。所以“探索克隆熊猫的可能性”应该是这篇文章的标题。4. D。判断题。此题B项的干扰性较强，但由于它没有说明是Chinese scientists，所以应排除。A、C项明显与原文不符。根据文章第3段第1句可知答案非D莫属。(2)Want a glance of the future of health care? Take a look at the way the various networks of people about patient care are being connected to one another, and how this new connectivity is being exploited to deliver medicine to the patient no matter where he or she may be.Online doctors offering advice based on normal symptoms(症状) are the most obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis(远程诊断) will be based on real physiological data(生理数据) from the actual patient. A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using personal data assistance plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly practical to send a patients important signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment, the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past.Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural(countryside) care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool for disaster needespecially after earthquakes. On the whole, the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and experts opinions.But there is one problem. Bandwidth(宽带) is the limiting factor for sending complex(复杂的) medical pictures around the world CT photos being one of the biggest bandwidth users. Communication satellites may be able to deal with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes or wars. But medicine is looking towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future of remote medical service.Doctors have met to discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts opinions and diagnosis are common.1. The writer chiefly talks about _.A. the use of telemedicineB. the on-lined doctorsC. medical care and treatmentD. communication improvement2. The basis of remote diagnosis will be _.A. personal data assistanceB. some words of a patientC. real physiological informationD. medical pictures from the Internet3. Which of the following statements is true according to the text？A. Patients dont need doctors in hospitals any more.B. It is impossible to send a patients signs over the telephone.C. Many teams use telemedicine dealing with disasters now.D. Broadband communications will become cheaper in the future.4. The “problem” in the fourth paragraph refers to the fact that _.A. bandwidth isnt big enough to send complex medical picturesB. the second-generation of Internet has not become popular yetC. communication satellites can only deal with short-term needsD. there is not enough equipment for spreading the medical care【答案与解析】本文主要讲述人们将来可以通过网上看病，医生可以根据病人的生理数据做出远程诊断。随着第二代因特网和第三代移动手机为将来的远程医疗服务，尤其是宽带网交流价格的下降，远程医疗和医药信息、专家意见和诊断共享将成为家常便饭。1. A。主旨题。第2段和第3段的内容，可知最佳答案为A。2. C。细节题。从第2段第2句话中的remote diagnosis(远程诊断) will be based on real physiological data(生理数据) from the actual patient 可以做出正确判断。3. D。判断题。网上可以看病并不就是说病人去医院不需要医生，排除A项；通过电话发送病人的信息是可行的，排除B项；现在至少有一个医疗队想用远程医疗来治疗疾病，C项也不对；根据文章最后一句话With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts opinions and diagnosis are common 可以肯定答案是D。4. A。推断题。根据第4段第2句话 Bandwidth(宽带) is the limiting factor for sending complex(复杂) medical pictures around the world CT photos being one of the biggest bandwidth users可知答案为A。(3)Scientists are uncovering the secrets of two port cities lost under the waters of the Mediterranean Sea, a researcher said yesterday.Herakleion and Menouthis were rich and proud cities until something reduced them to rubble (碎石) and buried them in the mud beneath 30 feet of sea water, French underwater explorer Franck Goddio said at the American Geophysical Union conference.“This is a mystery that is ongoing,” said Goddio, a founder of the European Institute of Marine Archeology, a Paris-based underwater research organization backed by the wealthy Hilti Foundation of Liechtenstein(列支敦士登基金会).The destruction of the twin port cities has haunted Goddio ever since he happened upon the site about 15 miles from Alexandria while exploring sunken ships from Napoleons fleet.Goddio and his group of expert divers, marine archeologists(海洋考古学家) and others, are using high powered vacuums, satellite navigation systems and sophisticated sonar(声纳) to excavate(挖掘) the sunken cities from underneath a carpet of silt about one meter (three feet) high.Walls of shops, remains of streets and gold artifacts have been found and recovered.Some experts believe that the port cities were destroyed by a series of massive earthquakes, much like the quakes scientists believe felled Troy(特洛伊城), Jericho and other ancient cities. The uniform direction of the collapsed columns and walls suggest an earthquake, Goddio said, but no fault lines have been found nearby.Other researchers believe a massive wave, caused by either an offshore earthquake or a distant underwater landslide, could explain the catastrophe. Still others think rising seas and a shift in the Nile River outlet doomed the cities.“The argument, as you can see, continues,” Goddio said.1. The reason why the two port cities disappeared under the waters of Mediterranean Sea is that _.A. the two port cities were destroyed by huge earthquakesB. the disappearance of the two port cities was caused by underwater landslideC. rising seas and a shift in the Nile River outlet doomed the citiesD. the story didnt tell us at all2. From the story we can draw a conclusion that _.A. the two port cities were famous for their wealth and the mysteryB. the two cities belonged to FranceC. some mysterious creatures from other planets destroyed the two citiesD. the American Geophysical Union conference was once held in one of the two cities3. This article is probably from _.A. a scientific magazineB. a report to the governmentC. a school text bookD. a scientific report in a newspaper(13 DBD)【答案与解析】本文报道了人们对法国地中海中的两座城市沉如海底的各种推测。1. D。推断题。文章只对城市下沉的原因作了一些推测但未作出结论。由此可推知此题答案为D。2. B。推断题。根据文章中所提到的与之相关的名称，如：French underwater explorer Franck Goddio, a Paris-based underwater research organization, Napoleons fleet可推知此题答案为B。3. D。推断题。文章讨论地中海中的两座城市下沉的原因，显然与地质科学有关，故选D。注意不宜选A，一个显然的因素是第1段中出现的yesterday。(4)Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia(痴呆) in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones(荷尔蒙) , U.S. reseachers reported on Thursday.Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimers(早老痴呆症). University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.“Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy(怀孕) are protecting the brain, including estrogen(雌激素), which we know has many neuroprotective (保护神经的) effects,” Kinsley said.“Its rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview. “They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimers and other forms of age-related brain decline.“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infantthat is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations(改变) to the brain.”1. How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”?A. Some researchers have told them.B. Many women say so.C. They know it by experimenting on rats.D. They know it through their own experience.2. What does the phrase “litters of pups” mean in the second paragraph?A. Baby rats.B. Animals.C. Old rats.D. Grown-up rats.3. What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage?A. Estrogen. B. The hormones of pregnancy.C. More exercise. D. Taking care of children.4. “Its rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does the sentence suggest?A. The experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans.B. The experiments on the rats are very important for animals.C. The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans.D. The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals.5. Which title is the best for this passage?A. Do You Want to Be Smarter?B. Motherhood Makes Women SmarterC. Mysterious HormonesD. An Important Study【答案与解析】本文介绍了一个观点：母性特点能使妇女变得更加聪明灵敏。1. C。细节题。根据Tests on rats show 可知科学家是通过做老鼠实验得出这个结论的。2. A。词义猜测题。后面的对比who have no babies，实际上提供了一个相反的情况，所以我们可以推测those who raise two or more litters of pups中的litters of pups指的是“刚出生不久的小老鼠”。3. B。细节题。根据文章第 3 段中的 the hormones of pregnancy(怀孕) are protecting the brain可得出答案。4. C。句意理解题。科学家通过用老鼠做实验来说明人的问题。因为人和老鼠都属于哺乳动物，很多生理机能都相同。5. B。主旨题。短文第 1 句 Motherhood may make women smarter 是主题句，据此我们可以得出答案。(5)To get cash out in the 21st century, you wont need a bank card, a PIN(个人识别编号) or even have to move a finger. You will simply have to look the cash machine straight in the eye, declares National Cash Registers, a multinational company that makes automated teller machines, or ATMs. NCR has shown its first example machine that is believed to be the future of banking. Instead of asking you for your PIN on a screen, the Super Teller-Stella for short, asks you orally through a loudspeaker to look straight ahead while an infrared camera turns to your head, then your eye, and finally takes an infrared photograph of your iris(虹膜). For identification(识别) purposes, an iris picture is better than a fingerprint, with around 256 noticeable characteristics compared with 40 for fingerprints. This means that the chances of someone else being recognized in your place is about 1 in 1020. Once youve been identified, Stella greets you by name and says: “Would you like cash or a statement?” An infrared port allows the machine to send a bank statement straight to your pocket computer.1. What does this passage mainly talk about?A. A new medical instrumentB. A new type of talking machine.C. A new type of cash machine.D. National Cash Register2. What is this new machine called?A. Stella B. ATM C. PIN D. NCR3. When you want to get cash out in the 21st century, you will _.A. need a bank cardB. have to put in your PINC. move your fingerD. just look directly at the teller machine【答案解析】本文介绍了自动取款机的新型的识别储户方法。1. C。主旨题。阅读全文可知本文介绍的是新型取款机的设计原理及工作方式，故选 C。2. A。细节题。根据 Instead of asking you for your PIN on a screen, the Super Teller-Stella for short, asks you orally 及 Once youve been identified, Stella greets you by name and says 可知答案为 A。3. D。细节题。根据 To get cash out in the 21st century, you wont need a bank card, a PIN or even have to move a finger. You will simply have to look the cash machine straight in the eye,可知仅仅径直看着取款机就可以了，故选答案 D。(6)Weather changes when the temperature and the amount of water in the atmosphere change. We can see and feel water coming from the atmosphere when we have rain. But the water must somehow get back to the atmosphere. Meteorologists call this the water cycle. There are many stages in the water cycle. Rain falls when water vapour in clouds condenses(凝结). Drops of water form and fall to the ground. The water soaks into the ground and feeds streams and rivers. A lot of rain falls into the sea. The heat of the sun evaporates some of the water in the ground and in the rivers, lakes, and the sea. It changes the liquid water into water vapour. The vapour rises onto the air. Water vapour is normally invisible. On a very damp or humid day, however, you can sometimes see water vapour rising from a puddle(水坑) or pond in a mist(薄雾) above the water. Water vapour also gets into the air from living things. Trees and other plants take in water through their roots and give off water vapour from their leaves. People and land animals drink water and breathe out water vapour. In all these ways the water returns to the air. There it gathers to form clouds and condenses to form rain. The rain falls to earth, and the cycle starts again. It continues even if snow or hail(冰雹) fall instead because both eventually melt to form water. The amount of water vapour in the air depends on the temperature. The air is more moist(潮湿) in the tropics(热带) than in the cold polar regions.1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Water cycle.B. Water vapour.C. How rain forms. D. Water, vapour, rain.2. How many ways of the water returning to the air are discussed in the text?A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.3. Whether water vapour can be seen or not depends on _.A. how much water is evaporatedB. how good your eyes areC. in which way water is evaporated D. climate or weather4. From the passage we get to know _.A. there is more water vapour in the air in the tropics than in cold polar regionsB. there is more water vapour in the air in cold polar region than in the tropicsC. it gets more rain in the tropics than in cold polar regions because there is less vapourD. the amount of water vapour in the air depends on how often it rains【答案与解析】本文阐述了水循环的全过程。1. A。主旨题。文章第1段，特别是最后一句Meteorologists call this the water cycle. 已点明主题。2. B。判断题。读完第2段，不难发现水返回空中的方式有3种：第1种是太阳蒸发地面上的水使之变成水蒸气返回空中；第2种是树和植物释放出的水蒸气；第3种是人和动物呼出的水蒸气。3. D。语义理解题。从第2段第9句话On a very damp or humid day, however, you can sometimes see water vapour rising from a puddle(水坑) or pond in a mist(薄雾) above the water. 可以找到为什么。4. A。判断题。根据最后一句话The air is more moist(潮湿) in the tropics(热带) than in the cold polar regions 可知答案。(7)Technology is the application(应用) of knowledge to production. Thanks to modern technology, we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force. New machines and new methods have helped cut down time and expense while increasing overall output. This has meant more production and a higher standard of living. For most of us in America, modern technology is thought of as the reason why we can have cars and television sets. However, technology has also increased the amount of food available to us, by means of modern farming machinery and animal breeding techniques, and has extended our life span via(通过) medical technology.Will mankind continue to live longer and have a higher quality of life? In large measure the answer depends on technology and our ability to use it widely. If we keep making progress as we have over the past fifty years, the answer is definitely yes. The advancement of technology depends upon research and development, and the latest statistics(统计) show that the United States is continuing to pump billions of dollars annually(每年) into such efforts. So while we are running out of some scarce resources(少的资源) we may well find technological substitutes(代用品)for many of them through our research programs.Therefore, in the final analysis the three major factors of production(land, labor and capital) are all influenced by technology. When we need new skills, on techniques in medicine, people will start developing new technology to meet those needs. As equipment proves to be slow or inefficient, new machines will be invented. Technology responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living.1. What is the best title for the passage?A. The definition of technologyB. Modern technologyC. The application of technologyD. The development of technology2. Which is the main idea of the passage?A. Modern technology is the key to the improvement of standard of living.B. The three major factors of production (land, labor and capital) are all influenced by technology.C. Technology is the response to our needs.D. The United States is making