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Unit7 Culture relics考纲要求：考纲规定的考试范围:1. 重点单词与短语relic; pyramid; represent; include; ruin; burn; restore; portrait; recreate; unite; period; damage; project; brick; official; cave; pollution; breath; limit; give in; give up; in ruins; bringback to life; pull down; set up;2. 句型Where there is a river, there is a city.where 引导地点状语从句Strong, proud and united, the people of St. Petersburg are the modem heroes of Russia. 形容词作状语We would do everything we can to save our city.表示“竭尽全力”的说法3. 语法：现在完成时的被动语态复习本章要达到的目标1. 掌握represent; include; ruin; recreate; period; damage; project; pollution; breath; limit; give in; give up; in ruins; bringback to life; pull down; set up; 等重点单词及短语的用法。2. 掌握 where 引导的三种从句的用法；形容词做状语的用法；以及现在完成时的被动语态的用法。教材知识归纳知识归纳1. You can select five things that represent Chinese culture.represent的用法：(1)描绘,(抽象地)表现This picture represents a scene at King Arthurs court.这幅画描绘了亚瑟王法庭的一个场面。(2) 象征;表示The dove represents peace.鸽子象征和平。(3) 作为.的代表They said that they represented the committee.他们说他们代表该委员会。(4)有代表;有代表作All the different races of the country were represented at the parade.游行中有该国各种族的代表。The museum had several paintings representing the artists early style.博物馆中有几幅画家早期风格的代表作。2. You may also include a short messageinclude的用法：包括；包含；使成为的一部分I think youll find the plan includes most of your suggestions.我想你会发现这个计划包括了你的大部分建议。Your duties will include putting the children to bed.哄小孩入睡也将是你工作的一部分。相关归纳：（1）sb./sth. included= sb./sth. counted“被包括”用在名词或代词之后，表被动意义（2）including sb./sth. =counting sb./sth. “包括”用在名词之前，表主动意义All of us, including me/ me included, have read this book.所有的人，包括我在内，都看过这本书。Six people were killed in the riot(暴乱), including a policeman.注意：include 与contain 的区别（1）强调整体中包含什么部分。Ten people went to Beijing , including Tom and me.（2）强调事物本身含有什么，指的是事物的构成。着重指作为组成部分而被包含在内，可指具体的或抽象的事物。The cigarette contains a lot of nicotine.3. Where there is a river, there is a city.有河流的地方，就有城市。在这个句子中，where 引导了一个地点状语从句，意思为“有的地方，就有”。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Where there is enough sunlight and water, crops grow well.阳光和水充足的地方，庄稼就长得好。Go where he tells you to go.他让你到哪儿，你就到哪儿。注意：where 引导的状语从句与定语从句的区别where引导状语从句时，其前面无先行词，where也不能换成“介词+which”。where 引导定语从句时，其前面有名词做先行词，where 可以换成“介词 + which。Make marks where you have any questions. (状语从句)Make marks at the places where you have any questions. (定语从句)在你有问题的地方做上标记。3. It was under attack for 900 days., but the people of the city never gave in.(1) .under +名词表示正在或处于某种状态中under attack受到攻击The police came under attack from all sides.警察遭到来自四面八方的攻击。under arrest在关押中under consideration在考虑中Your plan is under consideration.你的计划正在考虑中。under construction在建设中The building is under construction.大楼正在建设中。under discussion在讨论中The problem is under discussion.这个问题正在讨论中。under repair在修理中The road is under repair and is closed to motor traffic.这条公路正在维修，禁止机动车辆通行。under review在检查中under treatment在医治中under investigation在调查中批评under study.在研究中The subject is under study.这个课题正在研究着。under contact在联系中(2)give ingive invi. 让步；屈服；投降；勉强同意；交上He would rather die than give in.他宁死不屈。Please give your work in before Monday.请在星期一之前把作业交上来Believe in yourself and never give in.相信你自己，别屈服。give in tovt. 向让步，迁就The authorities have shown no signs of giving in to the kidnappers demands.当局对绑架者的要求没有丝毫让步迹象。The soldier didnt give in to the enemy.这个士兵没有向敌人屈服。give up ( sth. / doing sth.) （vt. vi.）放弃，不再做（某事）They gave up without a fight.他们不战而降。She doesnt give up easily.她绝不轻易认输。give off送出或发出某物 The room is giving off a funny smell.房间里冒出股怪味。give sth./ sb. away背弃；出卖；泄漏；暴露；赠送；泄露They are giving away prizes at the new store.新开张的商店在送赠品。He gave away most of his money to charity.他把大部分钱都捐给了慈善事业。give out 用完，消耗尽；分发After a month their food supplies gave out.过了一个月，他们的食物已消耗殆尽。 The teacher gave out the examination papers.老师分发了考试卷。give back 还给；归还；使恢复My friend gave back the tools that he borrowed.我朋友归还了他借的工具。The operation gave him back the use of his legs.手术使他的双腿恢复了功能。give sb. a hand 帮某人的忙Give me a hand with this table.帮我搬这张桌子。give way(to) 屈服于；给.让路,为.所代替Dont Give Way to the Temptation of Easy Profit不要屈服于利益的诱惑。4.St Petersburg was almost in ruins.in ruins成为废墟;落空(1) in 表示某人（某事物）的状态或状况，常用于以下词组中：in order整齐 in a mess 凌乱 in good repair 保养良好in a hurry匆忙地in poverty在贫困中in poor healthy 健康欠佳in anger 愤怒地 in pieces 成碎片，破碎 in trouble 陷入麻烦in danger 陷入危险 in rags 衣衫褴褛 in tears 泪眼婆娑(2) in 可表示“穿（戴）”He is dressed in white.他身着白色服装。(3)in 表示手段、材料等The article was written in ink.这篇文章是用钢笔写的。Please speak in a loud voice.请大声说出来。(4)in 表示“在某方面，至于”It is a country rich in minerals.它是一个矿藏丰富的国家。He is behind others in reading, but a long way ahead in arithmetic.他在阅读方面比别人落后，但在算术方面遥遥领先。It is three feet in length.它的长度是三英尺。(5)表示在某人身上发现的或具有的某种内在品质的东西。I find the future of our country in all of you.我在你们身上看到了祖国的未来。I find a true friend in him.我在他身上发现了一个真正的朋友。5. Strong, proud and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russian形容词做状语表伴随，原因，等位置可置于句首，也可以置于句未。形容词作状语的情况形容词除了常见的在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语外，也可像副词一样在句中作状语。(1)原因Overjoyed，he rushed out of the house极其兴奋，他冲出了家门。Much interested，he agreed to give it a try由于非常感兴趣，他同意一试。Afraid of difficulties，they prefer to take the easy road害怕困难，他们更愿意走这条容易的路。(2)伴随或方式He spent 7 days in the wind and snow，cold and hungry他在暴风雪中度过了7天既冷又饿。Helpless，we watched the house being destroyed before our eyes我们绝望地看着房子在我们面前被烧毁。6.The carbon dioxide from their breath is damaging the paintings.breathe vt. 主要义项有：呼吸；呼出。breath n. 主要义项有：呼吸；呼出的空气。He breathed deeply before speaking again.他深深地吸了一口气，然后继续说下去。He opened his mouth and took a deep breath.他张开嘴深深地吸了一口气。相关归纳：（1）hold ones breath（由于激动、害怕等）不出声；屏息Hold your breath or he will find us.屏住呼吸, 否则他会发现我们的。（2）out of breath 上气不接下气；喘不过气来He said out of breath that the boy was killed by the bus.他气喘吁吁地说那个男孩被车撞死了。After 5 miles walk, we were all out of breath.走了5英里之后我们都上气不接下气。（3）take ones breath away 令人惊叹；让人叹绝My first view of the picture took my breath away.我第一次看到这这幅画时，叹赏不已。7.Second, the number of visitors should be limited.limit的用法派生词:limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 无穷尽的，无限的相关归纳：(1)go beyond / over the limit 超过限度(2)limit sb./sth. to 使人或物限制在一个范围内I shall limit myself to the three aspects of the problem.我仅对这个问题的三个方面做陈述。You should limit your speech to 15 minutes.你必须把你的讲话限制在15分钟内。（3)a limit to sth. 对什么的限制There is a limit to the length of your staying here.对于你在这里能停留的时间有个限制。概念提示重点/热点1：We will do everything we can to save our city!该句型中can后省略了do，不定式作目的状语。“尽其所能去做某事；尽力做某事”的表达方法：(1) sb.do what one can to do(2) sb.do everything/ all （that）one can to do(3) do/try ones best to do(4) make every effort to do sth.=make the greatest effort to do sth.(5) spare no efforts to do sth.Whenever he met with difficulty, she would do what she could to help him.=Whenever he met with difficulty, she would do all/everything she can to help him.=Whenever he met with difficulty, she would do/try her best to help him.= Whenever he met with difficulty, she would make every effort to help him.= Whenever he met with difficulty, she would spare no efforts to help him.每当他遇到困难时，她总是尽她所能去帮助他。易混易错点1：so far 迄今为止；到目前为止(多与现在完成时连用)We havent heard from Tom so far.到目前为止，我们还没收到汤姆的来信。相关归纳：（1）by far常用来修饰比较级或最高级，放在比较级后、最高级前，但是要注意的是如果比较级前有the时by far要放在the 前。The last of these reasons is by far the most important.这些理由中最后一条比其他的重要得多。I feel better by far today.今天我感觉好多了。（2）as far as the eye can/could see极目所尽The bleak moorland stretched on all sides as far as the eye could see.荒凉的旷野向四面伸展开去，一望无际。（3）as far as I know就我所知As far as I know, the Pacific Ocean is by far the largest in the world.据我所知，太平洋是世界上最大的洋。（4）as far as I can remember（see, tell, etc）尽我所记得的；依我看As far as I can see, he will help you.依我看，他会帮助你的。She lived in Chicago, as far as I can remember.根据我记得的，她过去住在芝加哥。（5）as far as sb./sth. be concerned就而言As far as I am concerned, you can do what you like.就我而言，你想干什么就干什么。讲题组课内题例与课后题：课内题例1. Dont mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _ the shocking ending.A. give awayB. give outC. give upD. give off变式1.What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world had _?A. given out B. put out C. held out D. used up解析：1.本题考查在特定语境中对短语动词的辨异和使用能力。准确把握各选项中短语动词的意思是关键。give away意为“泄露（机密），捐赠”;give out意为“分发；用完、耗尽”;give up意为“放弃”;give off意为“发出（光、热、气味等）”。本题意思是：“不要在故事开头就提到那事，否则便将惊人的结局暴露了。”只有give away符合题意，故选A项。答案：A变式1. 该题意思是“当世界上所有的石油都用完的时候，我们用什么作为能量呀？”give out指“分发,放出,用光”, put out指“生产,出版,扑灭,提供”, hold out“举起,阻挡,使停顿”, use up“耗尽,耗费”。根据句意这里表示“耗尽,用光”,容易仅根据句意而误选D.但如果用 use up,需要用被动语态; give out表示“耗尽,用光”时是不及物的,不用被动语态.答案:A2 .-Im afraid Mr. Wood cant see you until 4 oclock. -Oh, _ I wont wait. A. no doubt B. after all C. in that case D. in this way变式1.I always take something to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait.A. in case B. so thatC. in order D. as if变式2. Press the red button _ fire.A. in case B. in need of C. in case of D. for fear of解析：2. 从语境中可理解题意为“要是那样的话，我就不等了”。答案：C变式1. 由句意可知“当我去医务室时总要带上点东西,以防等待” .in case “以防”, so that “为了”。答案:A变式2. 该句意思是“万一发生火灾的话，按那个红色的按钮。”由于fire是名词所以该空必须填介词in case of。 答案：C3. A lot of equipment _so far.A. is damagedB. had damagedC. has been damagedD. was damaged变式1.-How is your sister?-Oh, she is better _.A. so far B. by far C. as far D. far变式2._ I can see, you should devote yourself to your studies.A. so far B. by far C. As far as D. As long as变式3.Though they were poor, the boys parents supported him _ they could.A. as far as B. as long as C. as possible as D. as long as 解析：3. 从主谓关系判断，该句应使用被动语态,又因为含有so far这样的时间状语所以谓语动词用现在完成时的被动形式。答案：C变式1. by far（常用来修饰比较级或最高级，用以加强语气）大大的；放在比较级后、最高级前，但是要注意的是如果比较级前有the时by far要放在the 前。如：He is by far the better of the two brothers. 综上分析可知答案选B变式2. 考查固定搭配“as far as I can remember（see,tell,etc）尽我所记得的；依我看”所以答案应该选A变式3.该句意思是“尽管他们比较穷，但是那个孩子的父亲尽他们所能去支持他。”as far as 可以表达尽某人所能，所以答案选A.4. _ there is enough sunlight and water, crops grow well.A. Where B. In which C. That D. In the place变式1. He went to New York in 2000, _ only two years later, he became a millionaire.AwhenBwhichCthatDwhere变式2. On her birthday, she received from her parents a nice present _ a note was attached, saying “We love you so much”.A. that B. to which C. in which D. which变式3.I need some facts _ to base my theory.A. where B. on which C. in place where D. in the place变式4. Make marks _ you dont understand.A. where B. in which C. in place where D. in the place变式5.Go and bring back your bike .It is _ you laid it.A. where B. in which C. in place where D. in the place解析：4. 在这个句子中，where 引导了一个地点状语从句，意思为“有的地方，就有”。所以答案为A变式1. 该题考查where引导的非限制性定语从句这一知识点。Where 引导了定语从句又在从句中做了状语，所以答案为D。变式2. 该题考查where引导的定语从句时可以等于prep. + which这一知识点。where=to which 引导了定语从句又在从句中做了状语，所以答案为B。变式3.该题考查“prep. + which+不定式”放在名词后作定语这一知识点。由于这一结构不是定语从句所以prep. + which一定不能转换成where. 答案：B变式4. 由于空格前面无先行词，所以这是一个where引导的状语从句，这时 where不能换成“介词+which”。答案：A变式5. 由于空格前面无先行词，所以这是一个where引导的表语从句，这时 where不能换成“介词+which”。答案：A5. Ten students went to the cinema, Tom and Jack _.A. include B. including C. included D. counting变式1. As is known to us all, cigarettes _ a lot of nicotine.A. include B. including C. contain D. hold变式2. How much you read doesnt matter; what you read _ .A. include B. count C. contain D. hold变式3. The hall can _ three thousand people.A. include B. be seated C. contain D. hold解析：5. included“被包括”用在名词或代词之后，表被动意义。答案：C变式1. contain着重指作为组成部分而被包含在内，可指具体的或抽象的事物。答案：C变式2.该句的意思是“你读了多少并不重要，重要的是你读了什么内容。” count在这里的意思是“关系重要”答案：B变式3. 该句意思是“这个礼堂能容纳3000人。”contain是指容器里能容纳多少气体、液体等。某一个建筑物能容纳多少人可用seat, hold和admit 来表达，但要注意不能用于被动语态。所以答案为D.6. Mark said his English was so _ that he wasnt too sure about some of the idioms.A. limit B. limited C . limiting D. limitless变式1. You must limit yourself _ the three respects of the problem.A. in B. to C. for D. among解析:：6. limited是limit的过去分词，意思是“有限的”。 答案:B变式1. limit 的搭配之一是：limitto 所以答案为B课后题：1.After the war, a new school building was set up _there had once been a temple.A. in whichB. where C. whichD. when2. After the war, a new school building was put up _there had once been a theatre.A that B where C which D .when3. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment _.A. is damaged B. had damagedC. damagedD. was damaged4. The days we have been looking forward to _ soon.A. coming B. will comeC. came D. have come5. A fast-food restaurant is the place _， just as the name suggests， eating is performed quickly.A. which B. where C. there D. what解析：1. 解析: where引导地点状语从句。此处不是定语从句，故A项不正确。答案: B2.可以排除A、C项，因为他们在句子中不能充当状语。D项的when 不能于过去完成时连用。答案: B3.设备与破坏之间是被动关系并且动作已经发生所以应选D.答案：D4. 此句中的定语从句包含短语look forward to，虽然to为介词，但并不影响主句的谓语动词，它只是一个陷阱而已。又根据句中的soon，应用将来时，故选B项。答案：B5. 句中just as the name suggests是插入语，把它去掉后发现是由where引导的定语从句，先行词为the place。答案：B课后练习题A组：1. Its better to keep a little for the night _need.A. in danger of B. in face of C. in the way of D. in case of2. It _ almost every day so far this month.A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. has rained3. Blackmail（敲诈）is something that should never be_； but thats easier said than done.A. given up B. given in C. given up to D. given in to.4.You should make it a rule to leave things _you can find them again.A. when B. whereC. then D. which5.The famous scientist grew up _ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.A. when B. wheneverC. where D. wherever6. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. where B. whichC. while D. why7. Im sorry I _ your book; I only did it _, I didnt mean _ trouble.A. hide; for fun; to cause B. hid; in fun; to causeC. hide; in fun; causing D. hid; for fun; causing8 He told us _ I could go on a two-day trip to Leshan and Emei, _ wasnt too expensive.A. that; that B. what; which C. that; which D. what; that9. In the past people in the country couldnt _ to buy bus tickets when they wanted to go to the city.A. pay B. spend C. share D. afford10. The knife and fork that _ closest to your plate are a little bigger than the _ beside them.A. are; one B. are; ones C. is; it D. is; one11. -Im sorry for stepping on your foot.- _.A. No, its my fault B. Thats all rightC. You didnt hurt me D. Yes, dont worry about it12. I really felt _ by his _ words. His words are really _ to me.A. surprised; surprising; surprise B. surprising; surprised; a surpriseC. surprised; surprised; surprising D. surprised; surprising; a surprise13. The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected.A. when B. that C. which D. what14. -Please _ me for _ you for a while.- _.A. forgive; interrupting; Thats OK B. excuse; interrupt; thats all rightC. forgive; stopping; Yes D. excuse; stopping; Im so sorry15. When drinking _ someones health, you _ your glasses, but the glasses should not _.A. for; rise; touch B. to; raise; touchC. with; raise; be touched D. to; rise; be touched解析：1.in case of 万一发生答案：D2.so far 到目前为止，与完成时连用。答案：D3. give in to 向让步 ，迁就 答案：C4. where引导地点状语从句。答案: B5. where在此引导一个状语从句。答案C6. where在此引导一个定语从句。where在引导定语从句时，必须有先行词，where在定语从句中充当状语，在此题中where表示“在状况下”。答案：A7.由分号并列两个句子，前句应用过去时。for fun 意为“为了高兴，为了好玩”。mean to do something 表示“打算做某事”，mean doing something 表示“意味着”。答案：B8. 第一空用that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分。第二空which引导定语从句，修饰trip。答案：C9. couldnt afford to buy买不起。 答案：D10由于句中谓语动词为are，因此定语从句中的谓语动词与the knife and fork应一致，这里的the knife and fork指餐桌上用的所有刀和叉，是复数。所以后面一空也应是复指代词ones。答案：B11 根据习惯表达法，当对方向你道歉了，你应当有礼貌地应答。只有“Thats all right.”表示“没关系”。 答案：B12 surprised意为“感到吃惊的”，表示人对某事的反应。surprising意为“令人惊奇的”，表示事物本身所具有的特征。surprise 表示“惊奇” 时为不可数名词，而表示“惊人的事物”时为可数名词。答案：D13由所给题中不难看出，这是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，并且修饰整个句子。答案：C14 forgive somebody for ding something表示“原谅某人做的某事”。打扰某人应用interrupt，指“中途暂时的打断”，而不用stop（强调动作的结束，或动作不再延续）。答案：A15 drink to表示“为干杯（祝酒）”，raise为及物动词，意为“举起”，而rise为不及物动词，意为“上升；起身”，说明主语自身移向较高的位置。答案：B单词拼写：1.Six people were killed in the riot(暴乱), _(包括)a policeman.2.My first view of the island from the air took my (呼吸)away.3.A hotel room is being （准备）for them.4.We are making （准备） for the harvest.5.She painted landscapes as well as . （肖像）6.The earthquake caused great （损害）7.She was horrified by all the （污染）on the beach.8.The mayor is an elected （官员）9.They said that they （代表） the committee10. The heavy rain （破坏） our holiday last weekend.1. including 2. breath 3. prepared 4. preparations 5. portraits6. damage 7. pollution 8. official 9. represented 10. ruinedB组：汉译英1. 包括元旦在内，我有三天假。2. 大多数人没有意识到自己正在呼吸被污染的空气3. 五分钟后我们便气喘吁吁了。4. 她把国家的机密泄露给了敌人。5. 到目前为止，我们还没收到汤姆的来信。6. 这座桥正在修建中，开车过不去。7. 我们的作业已经完成了，所以我们能出去玩了。8. 到目前为止我们的钱已经被用完了。答案：1. Ive got three days holiday including New Years Day.2. Most people dont realize that they are breathing polluted air.3. We were out of breath after only five minutes.4. She gave away state secrets to the enemy.5. We havent heard from Tom so far.6. The bridge is under construction. We cant drive through it.7. Our homework has been finished, and we can go out to play.8. Our money has been used up so far.改错题：1. The car is in repair. You cant use it now.2. I got five presents, included the one you gave me.3. We came here, out of the breath.4. He wont give in other people.5. We havent met Tom by far.6. The price has cut down, so all the people are all glad.7. The water has been ran out so far.8.It is good to breath fresh country air instead of city smoke.9.He will do everything he can escape from the fire.10.The teacher worried about that the exam might be too difficult for his students.答案：1. in 改为 under 2。 included改为including 3. the 去掉 4 in后加to5. by改为so 6. has 后加been 7. out 后加of 8. breath改为 breathe9. can后加to 10. about去掉
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