2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考前模拟强化练习题62（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题It has been a terrible afternoon for Jane _ at about six oclock in her fathers sudden collapse into unconsciousness.问题1选项A.convergingB.culminatingC.finalizingD.releasing【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。A选项converging“合并，汇聚”；B选项culminating“（以某种结果）告终；（在某一点）结束”，culminate in/with sth.；C选项finalizing“把（计划、旅行、项目等）最后定下来；定案”；D选项releasing“释放”。句意：对简来说，那是一个可怕的下午，她父亲在_六点钟左右陷入昏迷。B选项culminating“（以某种结果）告终；（在某一点）结束”符合语境中6点钟左右，意指这个下午的可怕在以父亲在6点左右陷入昏迷告终。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the 36 of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel 37 to go to bed and pleased when the journey 38 . On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed 39 earlier than usual. When I 40 my cabin, I was surprised 41 that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected 42 but there was a suitcase 43 mine in the opposite comer. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet 44 , except that he was wearing 45 good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not 46 whoever he was and did not say 47 . As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered 48 as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a 49 was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten 50 the door, so I got up 51 the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and 52 the moon shone through it on to the other bed. 53 there. It took me a minute or two to 54 the door myself. I realized that my companion 55 through the window into the sea.问题1选项A.reasonB.motiveC.causeD.sake问题2选项A.tired enoughB.enough tiredC.enough tiringD.enough tiring问题3选项A.is achievedB.finishC.is overD.is in the end问题4选项A.quiteB.ratherC.fairlyD.somehow问题5选项A.arrived inB.reached toC.arrived toD.reached at问题6选项A.for seeingB.that I sawC.at seeingD.to see问题7选项A.being lonelyB.to be lonelyC.being aloneD.to be alone问题8选项A.likeB.asC.similar thanD.the same that问题9选项A.in each placeB.for all partsC.somewhereD.anywhere问题10选项A.a soB.soC.such aD.such问题11选项A.treat together wellB.pass together wellC.get on well togetherD.go by well together问题12选项A.him a single worldB.him not one wordC.a single word to himD.not one word to him问题13选项A.up meB.up myselfC.up to myselfD.myself up问题14选项A.draftB.voiceC.airD.sound问题15选项A.to closeB.closingC.to have to closeD.for closing问题16选项A.to shutB.for shuttingC.in shuttingD.but shut问题17选项A.while doing like thatB.as I did like thatC.as I did soD.at doing so问题18选项A.It was no oneB.There was no oneC.It was anyoneD.There was anyone问题19选项A.remind to lockB.remember to lockC.remind lockingD.remember locking问题20选项A.had to jumpB.was to have jumpedC.must have jumpedD.could be jumped【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:D第7题:D第8题:A第9题:D第10题:D第11题:C第12题:C第13题:D第14题:A第15题:A第16题:A第17题:C第18题:B第19题:D第20题:C【解析】36.考查固定搭配。句意：他们不是因为兴趣而航行。D选项for the sake of“为了；由于”符合语境，A选项for the reason of，B选项for the motive of和C选项for the cause of不常用。因此D选项正确。37.考查形容词用法。句意：我们大多数人在累得想上床睡觉的时候都很高兴。enough作形容词时放在名词之前，作副词时放在形容词之后；tired“疲惫的”，一般形容人，tiring“引起疲惫的”，一般形容物。根据语境和选项，这里指我们感到疲惫，A选项tired enough符合题意。因此A选项正确。38.考查定语从句。句意：在旅程结束时感到开心。根据语境和选项，这里指旅程结束，C选项is over符合题意。A选项is achieved“实现”和D选项is in the end“在终点”搭配journey不恰当，B选项finish“结束”缺be动词构成被动语态。因此C选项正确。39.考查副词用法。句意：这一次，在头一晚我感到特别慵懒，比平时早些上床睡觉。D选项somehow“莫名其妙地”不符合语境。A选项quite、B选项rather和C选项fairly都可表示程度，但语气的轻重不同，fairly程度最轻，rather程度最重；只有rather可以与比较级和副词too（太）连用，quite better“身体康复”除外，B选项rather符合题意。因此B选项正确。40.考查固定搭配。句意：当我到达我的船舱。根据语境和选项，这里指到达某地，到达某地用arrive in/at+地方或者reached+地方，arrive to (do) sth.“赶到，到达”，reached to“达到；延伸到；计达”，reached at“企图去够；竭力想达到”，A选项arrived in符合题意。因此A选项正确。41.考查固定搭配。句意：我很惊讶地发现我有一个旅伴。固定搭配be surprised to do sth.“惊讶地做某事”，表示未做；be surprised doing sth.“惊讶做了某事”，表示已做；be surprised at/by sth.“对某事感到吃惊”；be surprised that+从句“对做某事感到吃惊”。A选项for seeing，B选项that I saw和C选项at seeing不符合语境，因此D选项to see正确。42.考查动词用法。句意：我原以为我是一个人。expect to do“预期/期望做某事”；lonely“寂寞的；偏僻的”，alone“单独的；唯一的”。根据语境，这里指我以为这次旅行我是一个人，D选项to be alone符合题意。因此D选项正确。43.考查定语从句。句意：但在对面的角落里有一个和我一样的手提箱。A选项like和B选项as都有“像”的意思，在谈到人、事物或动作彼此有相同点或共同点时，两者均可使用，只是like是介词，用于名词、代词、动名词之前，as是连词，用于分句之前；C选项similar than和D选项the same that用法错误，应该是be similar to和the same as。根据同伴的suitcase“手提箱”和我的相像确定A选项like符合题意。因此A选项正确。44.考查词组辨析。句意：他是你可能_遇到的那种人。A选项in each place“在每个地方”；B选项for all parts“对于所有部分”；C选项somewhere“在某处”；D选项anywhere“在任何地方”。根据语境，D选项anywhere“在任何地方”比较符合题意，意指这个人很普通。因此D选项正确。45.考查虚词。句意：除了他穿着这么好的衣服。so是副词，用来修饰形容词或其他副词，so+ adj. +a/an +n，只和可数名词单数连用；such是形容词，可以修饰可数和不可数名词，分别为such +a/an +adj. +n或such+ adj. +n。clothes为可数名词复数形式，D选项such正确。46.考查固定搭配。句意：我打定主意，不管他是谁，我们在一起是不能和睦相处的。C选项get on well together“相处融洽”，其余选项非固定搭配，不符合语境。因此C选项正确。47.考查动词用法。句意：没有对他说一句话。say sth. (to sb.)，C选项“a single word to him”正确，其余选项用法错误。因此C选项正确。48.考查固定搭配。句意：我感到很冷，但我尽可能地把自己裹起来，并试图继续睡觉。cover (oneself) up是固定搭配，D选项myself up符合题意，其余选项用法错误。因此D选项正确。49.考查名词辨析。句意：然后我意识到一股风从对面的窗户吹来。A选项draft“气流，风”；B选项voice“（人发出的）声音”；C选项air“空气”，结合形容词可表示气流，如currents of warm air“暖气流”，cold air“冷风”，D选项sound“（泛指）声音”。根据后文The cold air was coming from the window opposite.（冷空气从对面的窗户吹来。），可知这里指的是风，A选项draft“气流，风”符合题意。因此A选项正确。50.考查动词用法。句意：我想我可能忘记关门了。forget to do sth.意思是“忘记要做某事”，forget doing sth.“忘记做过某事”，这里指的是忘记要关门，A选项to close符合题意，其余选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。51.考查介词用法。句意：所以我起身去关门，却发现它已经从里面锁上了。不定式to do结构表目的；在通常情况下，英语不用for doing sth.来表示目的，但是，若一个动名词已名词化，则可与for连用表目的，如swimming。这里起身是为了关门，A选项to shut正确，B选项for shutting错误。C选项in shutting和D选项but shut用法错误。因此A选项正确。52.考查时间状语。句意：当我穿过房间，月光透过房间照在另一张床上。这里指穿过房间这个具体的动作，do like that“像那样做”不符合语境，A、B选项错误。at加动词不表示时间，D选项错误。as作连词，在这里意为“当时候”，符合题意。因此C选项正确。53.考查定语从句。句意：那里一个人也没有。There be句型“有”，A、C选项错误。B选项There was no one符合语境，D选项There was anyone用法错误。因此B选项正确。54.考查动词用法。句意：过了一两分钟我才想起自己锁过门。A选项remind to lock用法错误，remind sb. to do sth.“提醒某人去做某事”；B选项remember to lock，remember to do sth.“记住要做某事”；C选项remind locking用法错误，remind sb. of doing sth.“提醒某人做过某事”；D选项remember locking，remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”。根据语境，这里是想起锁过门，D选项remember locking正确。55.考查定语从句。句意：我意识到我的同伴一定是从窗户跳到海里去了。A选项had to jump“不得不跳”，一般过去时；B选项was to have jumped时态用法错误；C选项must have jumped“一定已经跳了”，现在完成时；D选项could be jumped不用被动语态，语法错误。根据语境，门被别人打开，同伴也不在房间，推测同伴一定跳海了，C选项must have jumped“一定已经跳了”正确。3. 单选题Sometimes _ to place physics and chemistry into separate categories.问题1选项A.that is difficultB.is difficultC.it is difficultD.that is difficult【答案】C【解析】考查固定句型。句意：有时很难把物理和化学分成不同类别。It is difficult to do sth.意为“做某事很困难”，所以C选项it is difficult符合题意。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题Nearly all trees contains a mix of polymers that can burn like petroleum _ properly extracted.问题1选项A.afterB.ifC.when itD.is【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句。句意：几乎所有的树木都含有一种聚合物，如果提取得当，这种聚合物可以像石油一样燃烧。Nearly all trees contains a mix of polymers是主句，that can burn like petroleum是修饰polymers的定语从句，横线到句子结尾是修饰burn like petroleum的条件状语从句；条件状语从句中省略了主语polymers，所以B选项if符合题意。A选项after后面用现在分词形式，后面的extracted是过去分词形式，不符合题意。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题Beef cattle _ of all livestock for economic growth in the certain geographic regions.问题1选项A.the most are importantB.are the most importantC.is the most importantD.that are most important【答案】B【解析】考查句子成分。句意：在某些地区，肉牛是经济增长最重要的牲畜。根据题目和选项确定句子结构为主语+系动词+表语结构，所以用be动词；根据cattle是集合名词确定用复数形式；根据形容词最高级结构为the most+adj.确定用the most important，所以B选项are the most important符合题意。因此B选项正确。6. 单选题_ the First World War, the United States became the dominant force in the motion-picture, industry.问题1选项A.It was during the advent underB.With the advent ofC.To follow the advent inD.Upon the advent at【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：随着第一次世界大战的来临，美国成为电影工业的主导力量。advent一般和介词of连用而不和under、in、at连用，B选项With the advent of“随着的出现”符合语境。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题The good news made headlines nationwide: Deaths from several kinds of cancer have declined significantly in recent years. But the news has to be bittersweet for many cancer patients and their families. Every year, more than 500,000 people in the United States still die of cancer. In fact, more than half of all patients diagnosed with cancer will die of their disease within a few years. And while its true survival is longer today than in the past, the quality of life for these patients is often greatly diminished. Cancerand many of the treatments used to fight itcauses pain, nausea, fatigue, and anxiety that routinely go undertreated or untreated.In the nations single-minded focus on curing cancer, we have inadvertently devalued the critical need for palliative care, which focuses on alleviating physical and psychological symptoms over the course of the disease. Nothing would have a greater impact on the daily lives of cancer patients and their families than good symptom control and supportive therapy. Yet the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the federal governments leader in cancer research and training, spent less than one percent of its 1999 budget on any aspect of research or training in palliative care.The nation needs to get serious about reducing needless suffering. NCI should commit to and fund research aimed at improving symptom control and palliative care. NCI also could designate “centers of excellence” among the cancer centers it recognizes. To get that designation, centers would deliver innovative, top-quality palliative care to all segments of the populations the centers serve; train professionals in medicine, nursing, psychology, social work, and other disciplines to provide palliative care; and conduct research.Insurance coverage for palliative and hospice care also contributes to the problem by forcing people to choose between treatment or hospice care. This “either/or” approach does not readily allow these two types of essential care to be integrated. The Medicare hospice benefit is designed specifically for people in the final stages of illness and allows enrollment only if patients are expected to survive six months or less. The benefit excludes patients from seeking both palliative care and potentially life-extending treatment.That makes hospice enrollment an obvious deterrent for many patients. And hospices, which may have the most skilled practitioners and the most experience in administering palliative care, cannot offer their services to people who could really benefit but still are pursuing active treatment.It is innately human to comfort and provide care to those suffering from cancer, particularly those close to death. Yet what seems self-evident at an individual, personal level has not guided policy at the level of institutions in this country. Death is inevitable, but severe suffering is not. To offer hope for a long life of the highest possible quality and to deliver the best quality cancer care from diagnoses to death, our public institutions need to move toward policies that value and promote palliative care.16. Palliative care is concerned with improving patients _.17. According to the author, research on palliative care _.18. The main problem of insurance coverage for hospice care and active treatment is that _.19. Hospices offer cancer patients _.20. This text is mainly about _.问题1选项A.survival ratesB.quality of lifeC.lifespansD.options for health insurance providers问题2选项A.is more important than research for cancer curesB.has been overlooked by researchersC.is virtually non-existentD.is regarded by researchers as a frivolous topic问题3选项A.it does not allow patients to seek bothB.it only covers patients whose life expectancy is less than six monthsC.it deprives patients of the right to choose between two proven treatment methodsD.hospice care is only covered when it may extend a patients life expectancy问题4选项A.an alternative to palliative careB.comfort in their early stages of illnessC.skilled and experienced palliative careD.an alternative to active treatment问题5选项A.improving cancer research in the U.SB.reforming insurance coverage for cancer patientsC.understanding different options for cancer treatment and careD.reducing the suffering of cancer patients【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】16.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句palliative care, which focuses on alleviating physical and psychological symptoms over the course of the disease.（姑息治疗的重点是在疾病过程中减轻身体和心理症状。）和第二句Nothing would have a greater impact on the daily lives of cancer patients and their families than good symptom control and supportive therapy.（没有什么比平稳控制症状和支持性治疗对癌症患者及其家人的日常生活影响更大的了。），可知姑息治疗对日常生活影响最大，所以B选项“生活质量”正确。A选项“存活率”，C选项“寿命”和D选项“健康保险公司的选择”不是姑息治疗的重点，故错误。因此B选项正确。17.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句In the nations single-minded focus on curing cancer, we have inadvertently devalued the critical need for palliative care（在我国一心一意致力于治愈癌症的同时，我们无意中低估了对姑息治疗的迫切需要）和第三段第一句The nation needs to get serious about reducing needless suffering.（国家需要认真对待减少不必要的痛苦。），可知在作者看来，姑息治疗应该更加被重视，所以B选项“被研究者忽视了”正确，没有说姑息治疗比治疗癌症本身更重要，故A选项“比癌症治疗的研究更重要”错误。C选项“几乎不存在”：根据第二段最后一句Yet the National Cancer Institute (NCI)spent less than one percent of its 1999 budget on any aspect of research or training in palliative care.（然而，作为联邦政府在癌症研究和培训方面的领导机构，国家癌症研究所在姑息治疗的任何方面的研究或培训上的支出不到其1999年预算的1%。），可知有这方面的研究，只是很少，故错误。D选项“研究者认为这个主题很无聊”：文章没有提及，故错误。因此B选项正确。18.事实细节题。根据第四段第一句Insurance coverage for palliative and hospice care also contributes to the problem by forcing people to choose between treatment or hospice care.（姑息治疗和临终关怀的保险范围也导致了这个问题，因为它迫使人们在治疗和临终关怀之间做出选择。），可知医疗保险让人只能在姑息治疗和临终关怀选择其一，所以A选项“不允许病人同时寻求两者”正确，但还是可以选择，故C选项“剥夺了患者在两种已被证实的治疗方法之间选择的权利”错误。B选项“只覆盖预期寿命少于6个月的患者”和D选项“只有当临终关怀可以延长病人的预期寿命时，它才包括在内”：根据第四段第三、四句The Medicare hospice benefit is designed specifically for people in the final stages of illness and allows enrollment only if patients are expected to survive six months or less. The benefit excludes patients from seeking both palliative care and potentially life-extending treatment.（医疗保险临终关怀福利是专门为处于疾病最后阶段的人设计的，只有在患者预计存活时间为6个月或更短的情况下才允许登记。这种好处使患者既不寻求姑息治疗，也不寻求可能延长生命的治疗。），这里说的是临终关怀的使用情况，即患者预计存活时间为6个月或更短的时候采用临终关怀，这时不以延长寿命为目的，故错误。因此A选项正确。19.事实细节题。根据第五段第二句And hospices, which may have the most skilled practitioners and the most experience in administering palliative care（临终关怀院或许有对临终关怀最有经验的医生和姑息治疗经验），可知临终关怀院提供给患者C选项“熟练和经验丰富的姑息治疗”，所以C选项正确。B选项“疾病早期阶段的舒适”：根据第四段第三句The Medicare hospice benefit is designed specifically for people in the final stages of illness（医疗保险临终关怀福利是专门为处于疾病最后阶段的人设计的），可知临终关怀不针对疾病早期，故错误。A选项“姑息治疗的替代方案”，和D选项“积极治疗的替代方案”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。20.主旨大意题。文章第一段引入治疗癌症的副作用没有得到充分治疗，第二、三段呼吁国家对此采取措施，第四、五段提到临终关怀对减轻患者痛苦的保险情况，最后一段总结全文强调推动姑息治疗，全文都在围绕减轻患者痛苦的医疗方法，所以D选项“减少癌症患者的痛苦”正确。A选项“改善美国的癌症研究”，B选项“改革癌症患者的保险范围”和C选项“了解癌症治疗和护理的不同选择”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文，故错误。因此D选项正确。8. 填空题A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it 11 of a book, and, if a parent can produce 12 in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the 13 , one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has had, 14 on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children 15 dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear 16 the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds 17 they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies 18 fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case 19 sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick 20 covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl-friend. No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no same child has ever believed that it was.【答案】11.out12.what13.latter14.and15.being16.into17.that18.in19.were20.or【解析】11.考查动词短语。句意：讲故事总是比从书上读故事好得多。read sth. out“读出来”，这里it指的是a story。12.考查宾语从句。句意：如果父母能在当时和孩子个人的实际情况下写出比印刷文本更好的东西，那就更好了。produce后面接宾语从句，宾语从句缺主语，引导词what作宾语从句的主语。13.考查连词。这里承接上文they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses（童话故事通过吓唬孩子或唤起孩子的施虐冲动来伤害孩子），而后文是要证明children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not（读过童话故事的孩子比没有读过的孩子更容易犯下残忍的罪行），所以这里是证明后者，用latter符合题意。14.考查连词用法。前面Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has（每个孩子都有攻击性、破坏性、虐待性的冲动），后面on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action（总的来说，他们象征性的言语发泄被视为一种安全阀，而不是公开行动的刺激），可知前后是并列结构，用and符合题意。15.考查非谓语动词。句意：至于恐惧，我认为，确实有一些孩子被一些童话故事吓坏的案例。根据children被terrified确定用被动语态，被动语态结构为be动词+done，根据介词of确定用动名词形式，所以being符合题意。16.考查动词短语。turn sth. into sth.“将变成”，根据语境，这里指将恐惧的痛苦转化为面对和控制恐惧的快乐。17.考查状语从句。句意：也有人反对童话故事，理由是它们不是客观真实的，巨人、女巫、双头龙、魔毯等等，根本不存在。on the grounds that they are not objectively true是修饰who object to fairy stories的原因状语从句，on the grounds that属于边际从属连词。18.考查介词用法。句意：应该教孩子如何通过学习历史和力学来适应现实，而不是沉溺于童话故事中的幻想。这里指在童话故事中，in fairy tales符合题意。19.考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们的说法合理，那么这个世界上应该有很多疯子。这里的虚拟语气用来表示假设，表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句结构：If+主语+动词一般过去时（Be动词用were），were符合题意。20.考查连词用法。句意：如果他们的说法合理，那么这个世界上应该有很多疯子，他们试图骑着扫帚从纽约飞到费城，或者用亲吻来覆盖电话，以为那是他们被施了魔法的女友。根据语境，在这里or使句子通顺。9. 单选题Irans morality police are _ on the sale of Barbie dolls to protect the public from what they see as pernicious western culture eroding Islamic values.问题1选项A.putting downB.breaking downC.cracking downD.looking down【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项putting down“放下；镇压（暴动，叛乱）”；B选项breaking down“损坏；分解开”；C选项cracking down“严加管制，打击”；D选项looking down“往下看”。句意：伊朗道德警察正_芭比娃娃的销售，避免他们视为有害的西方文化侵蚀伊斯兰价值观，以此保护公众。根据语境，cracking down“严加管制，打击”搭配sale“销售”比较合理，意指警察严格管制芭比娃娃的市场销售，符合题意。因此C选项正确。10. 单选题Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe _ it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.问题1选项A.so thatB.but thatC.in thatD.provided that【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句。句意：氢是宇宙的基本元素，因为它提供了其他元素产生的基石。A选项so that“因此”引导目的状语从句，B选项but that“要不是”和D选项provided that“条件是”引导条件状语从句，均不符合题意。C选项in t