2022大学英语-大学英语四级考试全真模拟卷22（附答案带详解）

2022大学英语-大学英语四级考试全真模拟卷（附答案带详解）1. 问答题：中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成。中文姓名的特点是，姓总是在前，名跟在其后。千百年来，父姓一直世代相传。然而，如今，孩子跟母亲姓并不罕见。一般来说，名有一个或两个汉字，通常承载父母对孩子的愿望。从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为什么样的人，或者期望他们过什么样的生活。父母非常重视给孩子取名，因为名字往往会伴随孩子一生。答案：The full name of a Han Chinese consists of a family name and a given name. A distinctive feature of the Chinese name is that the family name always comes first, followed by the given name. For thousands of years, Chinese family names have been passed down through the father. Nowadays, however, it is not uncommon for a child to adopt the mothers family name. Generally, a given name is made up of one or two characters, usually carrying the parents wishes for their child. It can be inferred from the name what kind of person the parents want their child to be, or what kind of life they expect him or her to lead. Chinese parents attach great importance to the choice of their childs name, as the name tends to accompany the child for his or her entire life. 本题解析：暂无解析2. 问答题：Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The things people make, and the way they make them, determine how cities grow and decline, and influence how empires rise and fall. So, any disruption to the worlds factories 26_. And that disruption is surely coining. Factories are being digitised, filled with new sensor and new computers to make them quicker, more 27_, and more efficient.Robots are breaking free from the cages that surround them, learning new skills and new ways of working. And 3D printers have long 28_ a world where you can make anything, anywhere, from a computerised design. That vision is 29_ closer to reality. These forces will lead to cleaner factories, producing better goods at lower prices, personalised to our individual needs and desires. Humans will be 30_ many of the dirty, repetitive, and dangerous jobs that have long been a 31_ of factory life.Greater efficiency 32_ means fewer people can do the same work. Yet factory bosses in many developed countries are worried about a lack of skilled human workersand see 33_ and robots as a solution. But economist Helena Leurent says this period of rapid change in manufacturing is a 34_ opportunity to make the world a better place. “Manufacturing is the one system where you have got the biggest source of innovation, the biggest source of economic growth, and the biggest source of great jobs in the past. You can see it changing. Thats an opportunity to 35_ that system differently, and if we can, it will have tremendous significance.”A) automation B) concernsC) enormously D) fantasticE) fascinated F) featureG) flexible H) inevitablyI) interaction J) leaningK) matters L) movingM) promised N) shape答案：答案见解析 本题解析：26K 本题考查的是动词。句意：“因此，对世界上工厂的任何破坏都有很重要的意义。”空格处缺动词。意为“有关系，要紧”，与题意相符，故选K。27G 本题考查的是形容词。句意：“工厂正在被数字化，到处都在使用新的传感器和新的计算机，工厂运转得更快，更灵活，更有效率。”根据空格前的more判定，空格处缺形容词。意为“灵活的”，与题意相符，故选G。28M 本题考查的是动词。句意：“长期以来，3D打印机使一个可以通过计算机设计在任何地方制造任何东西的世界有希望存在。”根据空格后的判定，空格处缺动词，意为“许诺；有指望”与题意相符，故选M。29L 本题考查的是动词。句意：“这一愿景正越来越接近现实。”根据空格前的is判定，空格处缺动词，意为“移动”，与题意相符，故选L。30O 本题考查的是动词。句意：“人类将免于许多肮脏、重复和危险的工作”。根据空格前的will判定，空格处缺动词。意为“免于，使避免”，与题意相符，故选O。31F 本题考查的是名词。句意：“长期以来这样的工作一直是工厂生活的特征。”根据空格前的a判定，空格处缺名词。意为“特征”，与题意相符，故选F。32H 本题考查的是副词。句意：“更高的效率不可避免地意味着更少的人能做同样的工作。”根据空格后的means判定，句子不缺少主体成分，空格处缺副词。意为“不可避免地”，与题意相符，故选H。33A 本题考查的是名词。句意：“然而，许多发达国家的工厂老板担心会缺少熟练的人力工人，并将自动化和机器人视为解决问题的方案。”根据空格前的see判定，空格处缺名词。意为“自动化”，与题意相符，故选A。34D 本题考查的是形容词。句意：“但经济学家海伦娜洛伦特(Helena Leurent)表示，制造业的这一快速变化时期是一个极好的机遇，可以让世界变得更美好。”根据空格前的a和空格后的opportunity判定，空格处缺形容词。意为“极好的”，与题意相符，故选D。35N 本题考查的是动词。句意：“这是一个塑造这一体系的机会，如果我们能够成功做到，将有巨大的意义。”根据空格前的to判定，空格处缺动词。意为“形成，塑造”，与题意相符，故选N。3. 问答题：火锅火锅中，重庆火锅（hotpot)最著名，也最受欢迎。重庆人认为以麻辣 (peppery and hot)著称的火锅是当地特色。人们喜欢围在用木炭(charcoal)、 电热或天然气加热的火锅旁边吃边聊美味和有营养的食物。人们可以选择辣汤、清汤以及鸳鸯（combo)锅底，再将肉片、鱼片、各种豆腐产品和蔬菜加进火锅，之后蘸上特制酱料即可食用。在寒冷的冬天里，吃火锅成为一件惬意十足的事情。答案：HotpotChongqing hotpot is the most famous and popular of all hotpots. In the eyes of people in Chongqing, hotpot noted for its peppery and hot taste is a local specialty. People enjoy gathering around a hotpot heated with charcoal, electricity or natural gas and chatting over the delicious and nutritious food. You have a choice of spicy, pure or combo for the soup, into which you may add thin sliced meat, fish, various bean curd products and vegetables, and dip them into a special sauce before eating. It is a very delightful experience to eat hotpot in the cold winter. 本题解析：1.以著称:可译为be noted for。noted作形容词，表示“著名的，显著的”，同样的搭配还有be noted as,表示“作为而著名”。两个词组有区别，使用时需要注意。2.当地特色:可译为local specialty。specialty可以表示“特产，招牌菜”。3.选择:可译为have a choice of,表示“有选择”。也可以用动词choose。4.酱料:可译为sauce。5.惬意十足的:即“令人愉悦的”,译为delightful或pleasing。4. 问答题：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of Education. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.答案：Changes in the way of educationAs the internet is developing so rapidly, the way of education keeps changing and new forms of education emerge surprisingly. Especially during the pandemic of corona virus,online education has become one of the most important ways of education throughout the world.The changes in the way of education can be listed as follows.First of all, compared with traditional offline teaching activities, online education gives students the opportunity to study wherever they want, at home or in the park.Moreover, the cost of attending online courses is normally lower than that of offline ones. Besides, students can choose the perfect time when they are available to attend classes,instead of stubbornly fixing the time required without the possibility of doing any other important thing.From my perspective, the changes in the way of education mainly lie in the good respects. As one of the fortunate students who live in the age of internet and can get access to online courses,I cant help exclaiming: it is the best of times. 本题解析：教育方式的转变随着互联网的飞速发展，教育方式不断变化，新的教育形式层出不穷。特别是在科罗纳病毒流行期间，网络教育已经成为全世界最重要的教育方式之一。教育方式的变化主要表现在以下几个方面：首先，与传统的线下教学活动相比，网络教育让学生有机会在家里或公园里，随心所欲地学习，而且，参加网络课程的费用通常低于线下课程。此外，学生可以在有时间上课时选择最佳时间，而不是固执地固定所需时间，而不可能做任何其他重要的事情。在我看来，教育方式的变化主要在于好的方面。作为一个生活在网络时代的幸运学生，能够接触到网络课程，我不禁感叹：这是最好的时代。5. 问答题：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on are people becoming addicted to technology. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.答案：【参考范文】Nowadays, we are witnessing a surge in technology in all aspects. Peoples views vary greatly on whether this trend are causing peoples addiction. In my point of view, being immersed in a sea of technology will definitely harm peoples life, even make them become addicted.For one thing, despite the fact that some technologies, are invented to help people, many of them are made to attract peoples attention and make profit. Unaware of this, one would easily get trapped in the world of technology, like computer technology, and lose himself. For another, since most of us are living in a highly digitalized society, few can escape from the influence of their friends and families who are already addicts to technology.All in all, without strict government restriction and proper guidance on computer technology, people are exposed to the risk of being addicted. It is also necessary for everyone to resist this temptation and maintain good self-discipline. 本题解析：【参考译文】如今，我们正目睹科技在各个方面的飞速发展。对于这种趋势是否会导致人们上瘾，人们的看法大相径庭。在我看来，沉浸在技术的海洋中肯定会伤害人们的生活，甚至使他们上瘾。一方面，尽管有些技术是为了帮助人们而发明的，但其中许多技术是为了吸引人们的注意力和盈利。没有意识到这一点，一个人很容易陷入科技、尤其是电脑科技的世界中，迷失自我。另一方面，由于我们大多数人生活在一个高度数字化的社会，很少有人能够摆脱他们已经沉迷于科技的朋友和家人的影响。总而言之，如果没有政府的严格限制和对于科技的适当指导，人们将面临上瘾的危险。每个人都必须抵制这种诱惑，保持良好的自律。6. 问答题：Just because they cant sing opera or ride a bicycle doesnt mean that animals dont have culture. Theres no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the most _26_ predators （食肉动物）, killer whales may not fit the _27_ of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly _28_ behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.The word culture comes from the Latin colere, which _29_ means to cultivate. In other words, it refers to anything that is _30_ or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic _31_ that help them digest and utilize this fat- rich diet, thereby allowing them to _32_ in their cold climate.Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different _33_ across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet with an empire that _34_ from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey （猎物）. This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to _35_ that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals, genetic development.A) acquiredB) adaptationsC) brutalD) deliberatelyE) expressedF) extendsG) habitatsH) humbleI) imageJ) literallyK) refinedL) revolvesM) speculateN) structureO) thrive答案：26-35：CIKJA BOGFM 本题解析：暂无解析7. 问答题：In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, peoples hunger levels were predicted not by how much theyd eaten but rather by how much food theyd seen in front of themin other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.Hunger isnt controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal， Brunstrom says. This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought.These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our bodys response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shakes label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought theyd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.56. What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?A) How we perceive the food we eat. C) When we eat our meals.B) What ingredients the food contains. D) How fast we eat our meals.57. What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal?A) You would probably be more picky about food.B) You would not feel like eating the same food.C) You would have a good appetite.D) You would not feel so hungry.58. What do we learn from the 2011 study?A) Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.B) Food labels may influence our bodys response to food.C) Hunger levels depend on ones consumption of calories.D) People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.59. What does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetite?A) Trick ourselves into eating less. C) Concentrate on food while eating.B) Choose food with fewer calories. D) Pick dishes of the right size.60. What is the main idea of the passage?A) Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.B) Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.C) Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.D) Good eating habits will contribute to our health.答案：ADBAB 本题解析：56. 【定位】由题干中的appetite和food intake定位到首段第一句。A) 【精析】事实细节题。文章开篇指出了人们的食欲和食物摄取受到诸多因素的影响，包括人们的饮食环境和对面前食物的认知,故答案为A)。57. 【定位】由题干中的remembered和previous meal 定位到第三段第二句。D)【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出,饭后几小时,决定人们饥饿程度的不是他们已食用的食物量，而是他们吃饭时面前所见到的食物量,也就是说,影响人们饥饿程度的是他们记忆中的食物量而不是胃里的食物量。由此可推断,记忆对饮食造成影响，如果记忆中上顿饭吃了很多,那么不管是不是真的吃了很多,都不会感觉太饿,故答案为D)。58. 【定位】由题干中的2011 study定位到第六段第二句。B) 【精析】细节归纳题。定位句详细描述了 2011年的一项研究。在研究中，参与者在两个不同场合食用了相同卡路里的奶昔，但是奶昔标签上分别标注了 620卡路里和14059.【定位】最后一段话A)Brunstrom说,所谓的用心饮食策略能够对抗干扰,帮助人们控制食欲60.【定位】早期研究表明，人们对食物的认知有时会欺骗身体对食物作出反应.8. 问答题：普洱(Puer)茶深受中国人喜爱,最好的普洱茶产自云南的西双版纳(Xishuangbanna)，那里的气候和环境为普洱茶树的生长提供了最佳条件。普洱茶颜色较深,味道与其他的茶截然不同。普洱茶泡(brew)的时间越长越有味道。许多爱喝的人尤其喜欢其独特的香味和口感。普洱茶含有多种有益健康的元素,常饮普洱茶有助于保护心脏和血管,还有减肥、消除疲劳和促进消化的功效。答案：Puer Tea is deeply loved by Chinese people. The best Puer Tea is produced in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, where the climate and environment provide the best conditions for the growth of Puer Tea trees. Puer Tea is dark in color and tastes completely different from other teas. The longer the Puer Tea is brewed, the tastier it is. Its unique aroma and taste attract many tea lovers. Puer Tea contains a variety of healthy elements. It can help protect the heart and blood vessels, reduce weight, eliminate fatigue, and promote digestion. 本题解析：暂无解析9. 问答题：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to teach English in China. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.答案：Hi Mark,Im so glad that you have made up your mind to teach English in China. Before you make a decision about your precise destination, let me introduce my hometown, Chongqing.Located in southwest China, Chongqing may not enjoy worldwide fame as much as Beijing or Shanghai, but it is a thriving metropolis with lower cost of living. Working and living here, you can achieve your career goals without feeling too much stress. The locals are known for being warm and hospitable, and you can teach in a way that feels good for you. To be sure, teaching a foreign language in a city where residents speak a dialect all the time can be very challenging. It takes time indeed to correct pronunciation mistakes each student makes. But since you are always praised for your kindness and patience, it should hardly be an obstacle for you.Anyway, I will support and help you as much as possible, whichever city you go to. I believe living and teaching in China will be a pleasant and memorable experience for you.Best wishes,Li Ming 本题解析：你好，马克，我很高兴你下定决心在中国教英语。在你决定你的确切目的地之前，让我先介绍一下我的家乡重庆。重庆位于中国西南部，虽然没有北京或上海那样享誉全球，但它是一个繁荣的大都市，生活成本较低。在这里工作和生活，您可以在不感到太大压力的情况下实现自己的职业目标。当地人以热情好客而著称，您可以用自己感觉良好的方式进行教学。可以肯定的是，在一个居民一直说方言的城市教授外语可能非常具有挑战性。纠正每个学生犯的发音错误确实需要时间。但既然你总是因为你的善良和耐心而受到称赞，这对你来说应该不会成为障碍。不管怎样，无论你去哪个城市，我都会尽可能地支持和帮助你。我相信在中国生活和教学对你来说将是一段愉快而难忘的经历。最美好的祝福，李明10. 问答题：中国，地球上最吸引人的国家之一，有5000多年的历史，是目前全球第二大经济体(the second largest economy)。随着广泛的经济改革，中国正经历着显著、快速的变化。1949年以前的中国极端贫困、收入不平衡(incomeinequalities)、国家不安全。由于经济改革，从1980年开始，人民的生活水平开始提升至基本水平之上。全国人口有了足够的食物、衣服和住房，普通家庭可以吃得起各种各样的食物，穿得上时尚的衣服。答案：China, one of the most fascinating countries on Earth, has a history of more than 5,000 years and is currently the second largest economy in the world.China is going through a remarkable and rapid change with widespread economic reforms.Before 1949, China was characterized by extreme poverty, income inequalities, and insecurity.Since 1980，thanks to the economic reforms, peoples standard of living started to climb beyond the basic level.The general population had adequate food, clothing, and housing, and ordinary families could afford to eat a variety of foods and wear stylish clothing. 本题解析：全球第二大经济体：the second largest economy收入不平衡：incomeinequalities