2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考试名师点拨押题密卷24（含答案详解）

2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it.People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy.It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal (残酷的), has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation (冲突) between hunters and hunt saboteurs (阻拦者). Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the foxs smell, which the dogs follow.Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the pursuit of foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.1. Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes _.2. What is special about fox hunting in Britain?3. Fox hunting opponents often interfere in the game _.4. A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to _.5. It can be inferred from the passage that _.问题1选项A.for recreationC. to limit the fox populationB.C. to limit the fox populationB.C.to limit the fox populationB. in the interests of the farmersD.to show off their wealth问题2选项A.It involves the use of a deadly poison.B.It is a costly event which rarely occurs.C.The hunters have set rules to follow.D.The hunters have to go through strict training.问题3选项A.by resorting to violenceB.by confusing the fox huntersC.by taking legal actionD.by demonstrating on the scene问题4选项A.prohibit farmers from hunting foxesB.forbid hunting foxes with dogsC.stop hunting wild animals in the countrysideD.prevent largescale fox hunting问题5选项A.killing foxes with poison is illegalB.limiting the fox population is unnecessaryC.hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violentD.fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport（参加打猎的人认为它是一项运动）和最后一句so most hunters are wealthy（所以大多数猎人都很富有），可知在英国夫人猎狐是为了消遣，所以A选项“为了消遣”正确，D选项“炫耀他们的财富”错误。B选项“因为农民的利益”：文章没有提到富人和农民在猎狐方面的关系。C选项“限制狐狸数量”：根据第二段第一句Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population.（农民也可以要求当地狩猎服务来控制狐狸的数量。），可知限制狐狸数量不是富人猎狐的目的，故错误。因此A选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.（如果法律通过，像狐狸这样的野生动物将受到英国禁令的保护）和第二句But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport.（但今年，猎狐运动的支持者面临着更大的威胁），可知在英国，法律正在讨论猎狐运动的问题，对应C选项“猎人设定了要遵守的规则”这一选项，故正确。A选项“使用致命的毒药”：根据第一段最后一句farmersshooting or poisoning them（农民们射杀或毒害它们），可知这是在各地的普遍的现象，不是英国特有，故错误。B选项“这花费高昂，很少发生”：文章提到猎户运动花费高昂，但没有说很少举办，另外农民猎狐花费不高，故错误。D选项“猎人必须经过严格的训练”：这是普遍现象，不止在英国，故错误。因此C选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第四段最后一句Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the foxs smell, which the dogs follow.（有时这些猎狐行为引发暴力行为，但大多数对手会误导猎手，扰乱狗对狐狸气味的追踪，从而干扰狩猎。），猎手的对手通过误导猎手来干预比赛，所以B选项“迷惑猎狐者”正确。A选项“依靠暴力”：暴行是干预以后可能导致的结果。C选项“起诉”：通过法律途径看要不要继续猎狐运动不能在赛场干预对手，故错误。D选项“现场演示”：文章没有提及，故错误。因此B选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第五段第三句A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal.（议会工党成员迈克福斯特正试图使议会通过一项新法律，该法律将规定用狗捕猎野生动物为非法行为。），可知C选项“在乡下停止捕猎野生动物”正确。A选项“禁止农民猎狐”，B选项“禁止用狗猎狐”和D选项“禁止大规模猎狐”在这里没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。5.语义推测题。A选项“用毒药杀死狐狸是违法的”：根据第五段第三句is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal（正试图使议会通过一项新法律，该法律将规定用狗捕猎野生动物为非法行为），文章提到禁止用狗捕猎野生动物的法律有可能通过，没有说毒死狐狸违法，故错误。B选项“不必限制狐狸的数量”：根据第一段最后一句farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them（农民们试图通过射杀或毒害它们来减少它们的数量），农民捕杀狐狸以减少狐狸数量，没有提到不必要这样做，故错误。C选项“用狗打猎狐狸被认为是残忍和暴力的”：根据第四段第二句opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal（许多人反对猎狐，因为他们认为这很残酷），猎狐是用狗猎狐，所以正确。D选项“猎狐经常导致穷人和富人之间的对抗”：在文章没有提到。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Nobody is able to explain the _ of this commonly-used expression.问题1选项A.beginningB.starting-pointC.foundationD.origin【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项beginning“（事情或过程的）的开始”；B选项starting-point“（讨论或过程的）起点；（旅行的)出发点”；C选项foundation“基础”；D选项origin“起源”。句意：没有人能解释这个常用表达的_。根据语境，这里指没有人能解释这个常用表达是哪里来的，所以origin“起源”符合题意。因此D选项正确。3. 翻译题The carrot- and -stick theory of motivation (like Newtonian physical theory) works reasonably well under certain circumstances. 1. The means for satisfying mans physiological and (within limits), his safety needs can be provided or withheld by management. Employment itself is such a means and so are wages, working conditions and benefits. By these means the individual can be controlled so long as he is struggling for subsistence.But the carrot-and-stick theory does not work at all once man has reached an adequate subsistence level and is motivated primarily by higher needs. Management cannot provide a man with self-respect or with the respect of his fellows, or with the satisfaction of needs for self- fulillment. 2. It can create such conditions that he is encouraged and enabled to seek such satisfactions for himself, or it can thwart him by failing to create those conditions.But this creation of conditions is not “control”. It is not a good device for directing behavior.And so management finds itself in an odd position. The high standard of living created by our modern technological know-how provides quite adequately for the satisfaction of physiological and safely needs. The only significant exception is where management practices have not created confidence in a “fair break” and thus where safety needs are thwarted. 3. But by making possiblethe satisfaction of low-level needs, management has deprived itself of the ability to use as motivators the devices on which conventional theory has taught it to rely-rewards, promises, incentives, or threats and other coercive devices.4. The philosophy of management by direction and control regardless of whether it is hard or soft is inadequate to motivate because the human needs on which this approach relies are today unimportant motivators of behavior. Direction and control are essentially useless in motivating people whose important needs are social and egoistic. Both the hard and the soft approach fail today because they are simply irrelevant to the situation. 5. People, deprived of opportunities to satisfy at work the needs which are now important to them, behave exactly as we right predict with indolence, passivity, resistance to change, lack of responsibility, willingness to follow the demagogue, unreasonable demands for economic benefits. It would seem that we are caught in a web of our own weaving.【答案】1. 【参考译文】这是满足人的生理和（在一定限度内）安全需要的手段，可以由管理部门提供，也可以不提供。就业本身就是一种手段，工资、工作条件和福利也是如此。通过这些手段，只要一个人在为生存而挣扎，他就可以被控制。2. 【参考译文】它可以创造这样的条件，鼓励并使他能够为自己寻求这样的满足，也可以通过不创造这些条件来阻挠他。3. 【参考译文】但是，通过满足低层需求，管理者丧失了使用激励器的能力，而传统理论已将其作为奖励、承诺、激励或威胁以及其他强制性手段所依赖的手段。4. 【参考译文】不管是硬还是软，通过方向和控制进行管理的哲学都无法激发人们的积极性，因为如今这种方法所依赖的人类需求已不再是行为的重要推动者。5. 【参考译文】人们被剥夺了在工作中满足现在对他们来说很重要的需求的机会，他们表现得恰如我们所预料的那样，表现为懒惰、消极、抵制变革、缺乏责任感、乐于追随煽动者、对经济利益的不合理要求。4. 单选题All the doctors efforts were _ and the patient soon died.问题1选项A.in tearsB.in vainC.in turnD.in all【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项in tears“流着泪”；B选项in vain“无效”；C选项in turn“轮流；依次；反过来”；D选项in all“总共，合计”。句意：医生的所有努力都是_，病人很快就死了。根据语境，医生的努力没有成功救回病人，in vain“无效”符合题意。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题At about the same time, doctors began to understand _ together.问题1选项A.which went dirt and diseaseB.what went dirt and diseaseC.that dirt and disease wentD.that did dirt and disease go【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：大约在同一时间，医生们开始明白污垢和疾病相伴而生。本从句成分完整，不需要用先行词作从句成分，故先行词用that，从句时态和主句时态保持一致，故用过去式，所以C选项that dirt and disease went符合题意。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations _ formal language is used.问题1选项A.in whichB.on whichC.in thatD.at what【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。formal language is used是用来修饰situations的定语从句，并且是一个完整的句子，可知横线上的部分充当关系副词，根据短语in the situation可知横线部分表示地点，所以答案选A选项in which，B选项on which错误。in what用法错误，故C选项in what错误。at what用法错误，D选项at what错误。句意：政府报告、考试作文、法律文件和大多数商务信函是使用正式语言的主要情况。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题She wanted to join the group of men _ was to explore the mysteries of the mountains.问题1选项A.their workB.who workC.whoD.whose work【答案】D【解析】考查后置定语从句。句意：她想加入从事探索山脉奥秘工作的那群人。句子主干是She wanted to join the group of men，后面的从句修饰横线前面的men，并且横线部分作从句主语，工作和人是从属关系，所以D选项whose work符合题意。其余选项语法错误。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题His parents _, the orphan is now taken care of by the government.问题1选项A.have diedB.deadC.dyingD.having died【答案】D【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：因为他的父母已经去世，这个孤儿现在由政府照顾。独立主格结构句子中作状语，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。在这里His parents主动die，所以用现在分词，动作发生在之前且对现在有影响，用现在完成时，D选项having died正确，其余选项语法错误。因此D选项正确。9. 单选题The oldest living things on Earth are trees. Some of Californias sequoias have for four thousand years looked down on the changes in the landscape and the comings and goings of humans. They sprouted from tiny seeds about the time the Egyptian pyramids were being built. Today these giant patriarchs seem as remote and inaccessible as the rocks and mountain cliffs on which they grow, like cathedral columns holding up the sky. It is hard to imagine them playing any part in the lives of mere humans or being in any way affected by the creatures that pass at their feet.Lesser trees, however, have played an intimate role in the lives of people since they first appeared on Earth. Trees fed the fires that warmed humans: they provided shelter, food and medicine and even clothing. They also shaped peoples spiritual horizons. Trees expressed the grandeur and mystery of life, as they moved through the cycle of seasons, from life to death and back to life again. Trees were the largest living things around humans and they knew that some trees had been standing on the same spot in their parents and grandparents time, and would continue to stand long after they were gone. No wonder these trees became symbols of strength, fruitfulness, and everlasting life.1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a way in which people have used trees?3. The underlined phrase “giant patriarchs” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by which of the following?4. The underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to which of the following?5. The author implies that, compared with sequoias, other trees have _.问题1选项A.Trees grow to great heights.B.Trees have been important to people throughout history.C.Trees make humans seem superior.D.Trees that grow in California are very old.问题2选项A.For furniture.B.For fuel.C.For housing.D.For nourishment.问题3选项A.tiny seedsB.important leadersC.towering treesD.Egyptian pyramids问题4选项A.TreesB.Grandeur and mysteryC.SeasonsD.Peoples spiritual horizons问题5选项A.been in existence longerB.adapted more readily to their environmentsC.been affected more by animalsD.had a closer relationship with people【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章讲了树木在历史的发展，点出树木对人的作用，所以B选项“纵观历史，树木对人类很重要”正确。A选项“树长得很高”和D选项“生长在加州的树很古老”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。C选项“树让人看起来更优越”文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。2.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Trees fed the fires that warmed humans: they provided shelter, food and medicine and even clothing.（树木为人类提供了温暖的炉火：它们提供了住所、食物、药品甚至衣服。），所以这里提到了B选项“作为燃料”，C选项“建房子”和D选项“吸收其营养”，没有提到A选项“做成家具”。因此A选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第一段第三、四句They sprouted from tiny seeds about the time the Egyptian pyramids were being built. Today these giant patriarchs seem as remote and inaccessible as the rocks and mountain cliffs on which they grow, like cathedral columns holding up the sky.（大约在建造埃及金字塔的时候，它们从微小的种子中发芽。今天，这些巨大的创始者就像它们生长的岩石和悬崖一样遥远和难以接近，就像支撑天空的大教堂柱子。），可知这些“巨大的家长”生长在岩石和悬崖上，就像大教堂柱子一样高，所以C选项“高耸的树木”正确，A选项“小小的种子”和D选项“埃及金字塔”错误。B选项“重要的领袖”文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。4.语义推测题。根据第二段第四句Trees expressed the grandeur and mystery of life, as they moved through the cycle of seasons, from life to death and back to life again.（树木表现了生命的宏伟和神秘，因为它们在季节的循环中移动，从生到死，再回到生命。），可知“它们”指的是A选项“树木”，B选项“宏伟和神秘”和C选项“四季”错误。D选项“人们的精神视野”：根据第二段第三句They also shaped peoples spiritual horizons.（它们还塑造了人们的精神视野。），这里的“它们”也指树木，故错误。因此A选项正确。5.推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第一、二句Today these giant patriarchs seem as remote and inaccessible as the rocks and mountain cliffs on which they growIt is hard to imagine them playing any part in the lives of mere humans or being in any way affected by the creatures that pass at their feet.（今天，这些巨大的创始者就像它们生长的岩石和悬崖一样遥远和难以接近很难想象他们会在人类的生活中扮演任何角色，或者受到他们脚下的生物的任何影响。），可知相比于红杉树，其他树木更贴近人类生活，所以D选项“与人有更密切的关系”正确。A选项“存在更久”，B选项“更容易适应环境”和C选项“更容易受到动物的影响”文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。10. 单选题Eating too much fat can _ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.问题1选项A.contribute toB.attribute toC.attend toD.devote to【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项contribute to“（造成某情况）的一个原因”；B选项attribute to“把归因于”；C选项attend to“处理；照料”；D选项devote to“献身于；作专用”。句意：摄入太多脂肪会_心脏病和引起高血压。根据语境，摄入太多脂肪是造成心脏病的原因之一，所以contribute to“（造成某情况）的一个原因”符合题意。因此A选项正确。11. 单选题There are always _ and religious disputes between Israel and Palestine.问题1选项A.eligibleB.engagedC.proneD.prospective【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项eligible“合格的；中意的”；B选项engaged“使用中的；占线的”；C选项prone“有做倾向的”；D选项prospective“预期的；前瞻性的”。句意：以色列和巴勒斯坦之间总是存在着_和宗教性的争议。根据语境，D选项prospective“预期的；前瞻性的”搭配disputes“争议”比较合理，意思指色列和巴勒斯坦的争议是迟早的事。因此D选项正确。12. 单选题For good or ill, globalization has become the economic buzz-word of the 1990s. National economies are undoubtedly becoming steadily more integrated as cross-border flows of trade, investment and financial capital increase. Consumers are buying more foreign goods, a growing number of firms now operate across national borders, and savers are investing more than ever before in far-flung places.Whether all of this is for good or ill is a topic of heated debate. One positive view is that globalization is an unmixed blessing, with the potential to boost productivity and living standards everywhere. This is because a globally integrated economy can lead to a better division of labor between countries, allowing low-wage countries to specialize in labor-intensive tasks while high-wage countries use workers in more productive ways. It will allow firms to exploit bigger economies of scale. And with globalization, capital can be shifted to whatever country offers the most productive investment opportunities, not trapped at home financing projects with poor returns.Critics of globalization take a gloomier view. They predict that increased competition from low-wage developing countries will destroy jobs and push down wages in todays rich economies. There will be a race to the bottom as countries reduce wages, taxes, welfare benefits and environmental controls to make themselves more competitive. Pressure to compete will erode the ability of governments to set their own economic policies. The critics also worry about the increased power of financial markets to cause economic havoc, as in the European currency crises of 1992 and 1993, Mexico in 1994-1995 and South-East Asia in 1997.1. National economies are becoming more integrated as a result of _.2. Globalization has the potential to boost productivity and living standards everywhere because _.3. According to the positive view, globalization can_.4. As a result of globalization, all of the following might happen EXCEPT_.5. The author of the passage holds a/an _ attitude toward globalization.问题1选项A.more and more consumers going abroad to buy goodsB.increasing flows of cross-boarder trade, investment and financial capitalC.many companies establishing new businessesD.savers investing more in developed areas than in developing countries问题2选项A.it allows firms to establish more branches in low-wage countriesB.it encourages rich countries to provide more economic support to poor countriesC.it enables low-wage countries to have more cross-border trade and investmentD.it makes labors work in countries where they are most needed and best used问题3选项A.allow low-wage countries to use workers in more productive waysB.help low-wage countries get rid of labor-intensive economyC.cause capital to shift to countries where there is greatest fund shortageD.enable firms to exploit bigger economies of scale问题4选项A.unemployment rate in rich economies might increaseB.environmental problems in some countries might worsenC.competitiveness of low-wage countries might weakenD.economic havoc might occur in some parts of the world问题5选项A.objectiveB.pessimisticC.optimisticD.worried【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句National economies are undoubtedly becoming steadily more integrated as cross-border flows of trade, investment and financial capital increase.（随着贸易、投资和金融资本的跨境流动增加，各国经济无疑正逐渐变得更加一体化。），可知各国经济一体化的原因是B选项“跨境贸易、投资和金融资本流动增加”，A选项“越来越多的消费者到国外购买商品”，C选项“许多公司正在建立新的业务”和D选项“发达地区的储蓄者比发展中国家的储蓄者投资更多”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据第二段第三句This is because a globally integrated economy can lead to a better division of labor between countries, allowing low-wage countries to specialize in labor-intensive tasks while high-wage countries use workers in more productive ways.（这是因为全球一体化的经济可以导致国家之间更好地分工，使低工资国家能够专门从事劳动密集型工作，而高工资国家以更富有成效的方式使用工人。），可知这是因为全球一体化让分工更明确，从而使效率更高，D选项“它使劳动力在最需要和最有效利用的国家工作”正确。A选项“它允许公司在低工资国家建立更多的分支机构”，B选项“它鼓励富裕国家向贫穷国家提供更多的经济支持”和C选项“它使低工资国家有更多的跨境贸易和投资”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。3.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句It will allow firms to exploit bigger economies of scale.（它将允许企业利用更大的规模经济。），可知在积极派看来，D选项“使公司能够开发更大的规模经济”符合题意。A选项“允许低工资国家以更有效的方式使用工人”，B选项“帮助低工资国家摆脱劳动密集型经济”和C选项“导致资本转移到资金短缺最严重的国家”文章没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句They predict that increased competition from low-wage developing countries will destroy jobs and push down wages in todays rich economies.（他们预测，低工资的发展中国家竞争加剧，将破坏就业机会，压低今天富裕经济体的工资水平。），可知全球化可能导致低工资国家的竞争力加强，富裕经济体的失业率上升，A选项“富裕经济体的失业率可能会上升”符合文章内容，C选项“低工资国家的竞争力可能会减弱”错误。B选项“一些国家的环境问题可能会恶化”：根据第三段第三句countries reduce wages, taxes, welfare benefits and environmental controls to make themselves more competitive（各国为了提高竞争力而削减工资、税收、福利和环境控制），可知全球化可能加剧环境问题，符合文章内容。D选项“有的地方可能会出现经济混乱方”：根据文章最后一句The critics also worry about the increased power of financial markets to cause economic havoc（批评者还担心金融市场力量的增强会造成经济混乱），可知全球化可能造成经济混乱，符合文章内容。因此C选项正确。5.观点态度题。作者讲了乐观者和悲观者对全球经济一体化的观点，并没