2022年考博英语-北京航空航天大学考前模拟强化练习题60（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-北京航空航天大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play（ ）roles inraising children.问题1选项A.incapableB.indispensableC.insensibleD.infinite【答案】B【解析】句意：在中国家庭里，（外）祖父母和其他亲戚在抚养孩子的过程中充当（ ）的角色。A选项incapable无能力的；B选项indispensable不可缺少的；绝对必要的；C选项insensible无感觉的；D选项infinite无限的，B选项indispensable符合句意。2. 写作题There are many reasons for a person planning to do PhD research (for example, new experiences, career preparation, and increased knowledge). Why do you think people should pursue a doctoral degree? Write an essay of no less than 200 words about your opinion on this topic.【答案】Why do people go for a Ph. D. ? The disinterested reason most often given is satisfying their thirst for knowledge. Ph. D. students are those with high degree of internal motivation that stems from their inborn curiosity and love of intellectual pursuits. They expect that after obtaining their degree they will metamorphose into scholars. For those the temptation of researching new and exciting subjects is also irresistible, or at least preferable to all other choices.So, a PhD means that you have a lot of knowledge and information about your field. Your knowl- edge is not only theoretical, but also of practical use, and you can share it with others for problem- solving. You are an expert and specialist in your area of study, and your educated opinion will be highly valued among friends, colleagues and even the media.With a PhD degree, you may have more career choices. At the same time, you can gain a higher salary and position within the company compared to candidates who do not have the same educational level as you. Furthermore, your expertise in the field also gives you the opportunity to acquire teach-ing positions at a college or university.There are also other reasons for pursuing a Ph. D. , which are more pragmatic. Going through years of study for a PhD degree also means that you will have built up a reliable and diverse set of professional networks. You will have worked with renowned experts and scholars in the field and will have made important contacts during conferences, all of whom can serve as excellent career references for any job positions.In this sense, the doctoral degree is not only a passport to a world of research and new knowl- edge ,but also a valuable asset that increases ones chances for obtaining higher paid, more satisfying jobs. It is seen as an investment in ones life for future successful career, a certificate proving ones special abilities that gives advantages of the owner in the job market.Whatever reasons a person may have when planning to do Ph. D. research, the ultimate goal is to enjoy a better life. A PhD program involves hard work, rigorous critical thinking skills and a lot of in- vested time, money and research. However, you receive many benefits and rewards for having a doc- torate degree, whether it is for personal satisfaction, social status, and employment or for the sake of education and knowledge itself.3. 单选题Paperback novels in the 1940s and 1950s often had covers to attract readers attention.问题1选项A.murkyB.luridC.legitimateD.pale【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。句意：20世纪40年代和50年代的平装小说经常有骇人听闻的封面，以吸引读者注意力。因此选B。4. 单选题Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very（ ）.问题1选项A.intelligibleB.obscureC.dimD.conspicuous【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。句意：很少有人能理解他的演说，内容太 。intelligible可理解的，明白易懂的；obscure晦涩的，昏暗的；dim暗淡的，模糊的；conspicuous显著的，出众的。句子前半句说“很少有人能理解他的演说”，由此推断，B项符合句意。5. 单选题All the ceremonies at the 2000 Olympic games had a unique Australian flavor, （ ）of their multicultural communities.问题1选项A.noticeableB.indicativeC.conspicuousD.implicit【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。noticeable明显的；indicative表示的，象征的；conspicuous明显的，惹人注目的；implicit不言明的，含蓄的，无疑问的。句意：2000年奥运会所有的仪式都带有一种独特的澳大利亚风情， （ ） 他们是多元文化的社会。B选项indicative在此符合句意,意为 “表明他们是多元文化的社会”。6. 单选题The company that Joan works for is（ ）with an automotive company, so she can get a dis-count on a new car.问题1选项A.correlatedB.parallelC.affiliatedD.accounted【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析。句意：Joan工作的公司 （ ） 一家汽车公司，所以她买新车有折扣。correlated有相互关系的；parallel平行的；affiliated附属的，有关的；accounted记账的；报告的。此处“be affiliated with”为固定搭配，意思是“隶属于”，A项“有相互关系的”说得太模糊，看到C项是可以确定是隶属关系，公司员工才能拿到折扣，故选C。7. 单选题Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children（ ）a violent act previ-ously seen on television.问题1选项A.modifyingB.duplicatingC.acceleratingD.stimulating【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。句意：最近报道了很多案例：孩子们总是 以前在电视上见过的暴力行为。modify 修改，修饰；duplicate 复制，重复；accelerate 加速，促进；stimulate 刺激。B项duplicate 在此可译为“模仿”。8. 单选题This restaurant is frequently（ ）by tourists because of its famous cooking.问题1选项A.patronizedB.servicedC.attendedD.utilized【答案】A【解析】动词辨析。句意：旅客经常 这家餐馆，因为这里的烹饪很有名。patronized 光顾；serviced 为服务；attended 参加，出席；utilized 利用。故选A。9. 单选题Under ethical guideline recently adopted by the National Institutes of Health, human genes are to be manipulated only to correct disease for which（ ）treatments are unsatisfactory.问题1选项A.similarB.dangerousC.uncommonD.alternative【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。句意：根据国家健康研究机构最近通过的道德准则，人类的基因只有在 治疗方案无法满足需求的情况下才可以改变。similar相似的；dangerous危险的；uncommon不寻常的，罕有的；alternative可供选择的。选项D“可供选择的”符合题意。10. 单选题Among all the changes resulting from the（ ）entry of women into the work force, the trans-formation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important.问题1选项A.massiveB.quantitativeC.surplusD.formidable【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。句意：在由于 女性进入到劳动大军所造成的改变中, 她们自身的转变是最重要的。massive宏伟的；quantitative定量的；surplus过剩的；formidable强大的，可怕的。因此，D项符合句意。11. 单选题Many years ago people thought the earth was flat. They believed that the sky （ ）a big up- side-down bowl and that the sun, moon, and stars were lamps hanging from the top of the bowl. Later, people （ ）better. They found out that the earth （ ） round.We call the study of the skies and the planets astronomy, （ ） we call the watchers of the skies astronomer. Early astronomers thought the earth was the center of They thought the heavens spun （ ）the earth. Later, they changed their （ ）They knew the earth was not the center. They believed that the earth and the（ ） planets spin around the sun. Today we know this is true.Ancient scientists studied the skies（ ） simple instruments. The first person（ ） a tele- scope was named Galileo. In 1610 （ ） four moons around the planet Jupiter. Today （ ）use more complex equipment. Some of these measure the brightness of light. （ ） break lights up into different colors. Radio telescopes make stars and planets （ ） far closer than Galileos telescope could.Early astronomers （ ） five planets in the sky. Besides Earth, they knew about mercury, Ve- nus ,Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. In 1781 a seventh one was discovered and named Uranus. Years lat- er, astronomers found another planet and called it Neptune. The ninth planet to be found is called Pluto. It was not （ ） until 1930.Today scientists can （ ） almost anywhere. They have reached the heavens with their space- craft. In 1959, a spacecraft （ ） took pictures of the dark side of the moon. The years later a spacecraft landed two Americans on the moon. Other important journeys into space （ ） . Who knows? Maybe（ ） human beings will live on another planet. Maybe you will be one of them.问题1选项A.isB.wasC.had beenD.were问题2选项A.spokeB.toldC.knewD.swore问题3选项A.wasB.had beenC.isD.were问题4选项A.andB.butC.yetD.still问题5选项A.anythingB.nothingC.somethingD.everything问题6选项A.aroundB.roundC.aboutD.along问题7选项A.jobsB.mindsC.suggestionD.advice问题8选项A.otherB.anotherC.restD.remained问题9选项A.byB.onC.withD.within问题10选项A.to useB.usedC.usesD.of using问题11选项A.inventedB.createdC.sawD.discovered问题12选项A.musiciansB.carpentersC.astronomersD.scholars问题13选项A.The othersB.OthersC.AnotherD.The other问题14选项A.lookB.lookingC.to lookD.looks问题15选项A.could have seenB.could seeC.had seenD.saw问题16选项A.trappedB.servedC.discoveredD.settled问题17选项A.runB.exploreC.playD.relax问题18选项A.firstB.firstlyC.for the firstD.first of all问题19选项A.followedB.had followedC.were followingD.follow问题20选项A.somedayB.some dayC.some daysD.somedays【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D第6题:A第7题:B第8题:A第9题:A第10题:A第11题:D第12题:C第13题:A第14题:A第15题:A第16题:C第17题:B第18题:A第19题:A第20题:A【解析】1.语法分析。谓语动词believed 为一般过去式，主语the sky为第三人称单数，因此选B。2.词义辨析。句意：人们 得更多。knew知道、了解，符合句意。3.语法分析。句意：他们发现地球是圆的。属于客观事实，谓语动词用一般现在时，故选C。4.逻辑关系。句意：我们将对天空和星球的研究称为天文学，我们将星空观察者称为天文学家。前后两句为并列关系，故选A。5.词义辨析。句意：早期的天文学家认为地球是宇宙万物的中心。D项everything意为“所有事物”, 符合句意。6.固定搭配。此处句意为：他们认为天堂围绕地球转。spin around为固定搭配意为“围绕旋转”。7.词义辨析。此处句意应为：他们改变了想法/认知。jobs工作；minds想法；suggestion建议；advice建议。8.词义辨析。句意：他们认为地球和 行星围绕太阳转。other其他的；another另外一个；rest剩余的；remain剩下的。故选A。9.介词辨析。句意：古代科学家通过简易工具研究天空。by凭借工具或手段；on在上面；with伴随；within在里面。故选A。10.语法分析。空格处应为定语修饰主语。而动词不定式和动名词形式可以做定语。故A项为动词不定式做定语正确。11.词义辨析。句意：1610年，在木星周围 了四颗卫星。invented发明；created创造；saw看见；discover发现。故选D。12.词义辨析。句意：现如今 使用更精密的设备。C项astronomers（天文学家）正确。13.关联。根据前半句some of（有些）推断空格处应为The others（其他的）。14.语法分析。Make为使役动词，后面跟动词原形。故选A。15.语法分析。空格处是对过去的一种推测：早期的天文学家可能已经看到了天空中的五颗行星。因此用could表示推测。16.词义辨析。句意：直到1930年科学家才 它。trapped诱捕、陷入困境；served招待、服务；discovered发现；settled定居、解决。故C项符合句意。17.词义辨析。句意：科学家几乎能够 宇宙的任何地方。run运行、跑；explore探索；play玩耍；relax放松。故B项符合句意。18.词义辨析。句意：在1959年，一艘宇宙飞船首次拍到黑暗的月球上的照片。A项first意为“第一次”,而其他选项都表示“首先”，故选A。19.语法分析。此句讲述的是过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时。20.词义辨析。句意：或许总有一天，人们会居住到另外一个星球。因此A项someday（有一天）正确。12. 单选题As for love of children, this love is（ ）expressed through supplying material comforts, a-musements, and educational opportunities.问题1选项A.increasinglyB.tolerablyC.dynamicallyD.obediently【答案】A【解析】副词辨析。句意：至于对孩子的爱，这种爱总是表现在 为他们提供物质上的安逸，玩乐和教育的机会。increasingly 逐渐地；tolerably 可容忍地；dynamically 充满活力地；obediently 服从地。因此，A项符合句意。13. 单选题It is necessary for the valuable species to（ ）itself in order to stay in existence.问题1选项A.inferB.propagateC.injectD.jerk【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。句意：为了能够使珍稀物种生存， 必须进行。infer 推论；propagate 繁殖；inject 注射；jerk 猛拉。因此，B项符合句意。14. 单选题During our first teacher training year, we often visited local schools for the（ ）of lessons.问题1选项A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】句意：教师培训的第一年，为了（ ）课程, 我们经常参观当地的学校。A选项observation观察；B选项investigation调查，研究；C选项inspection检查；D选项examination检查，考试。选项A符合句意。15. 单选题Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a great问题1选项A.explosionB.sensationC.exaggerationD.stimulation【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。create a great sensation表示 “引起轰动”16. 单选题As has always been the case when tragedy has struck our community, the people of our town feel the obligation, and rightly so, to（ ） in support of the victim and his family.问题1选项A.entrenchB.rallyC.disseminateD.apologize【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。句意：当社会内有悲剧事情发生时，我们镇的居民感到有义务， （ ） 以支持受害者和他的家人。 entrench保卫、防护；rally重整、团结；disseminate散播、宣传；apologizes道歉。B项rally in意为 “举行集会”符合句意。17. 单选题As long as nations cannot themselves accumulate enough physical power to dominate all others,they must depend on（ ）.问题1选项A.alliesB.resourcesC.freedomD.education【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。句意：只要国家本身不能积蓄足够的力量来支配其他的人，他们就必须依赖于（ ）。allies同盟国；resources资源，物力；freedom自由，自主；education教育。选项A“同盟国”符合句意。18. 单选题Scientists have acknowledged that to interpret an animals thought processes in a sound manner re- quires a heavy dose of（ ）from our own mental patterns, which we access introspectively.问题1选项A.estimationB.calculationC.skepticismD.inference【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。句意：科学家已经承认，用声音的方式来翻译一个动物的思维进程，需要从我们使用内在的思维模式进行大量的 （ ） 。estimation 评价，估计；calculation 计算；skepticism 怀疑论；inference 推理。故选B。19. 单选题Everyone has a moment in history, which belongs particularly to him. It is the moment when his emotions achieve their most powerful sway over him, and afterward when you say to this person “the world today” or “life” or “reality” he will assume that you mean this moment, even if it is fifty years past. The world, through his unleashed （释放的）emotions, imprinted itself upon him, and he car-ries the stamp of that passing moment forever.For me，this moment four years in a moment in history was the war. The war was and is reality for me. I still instinctively live and think in its atmosphere. These are some of its characteris-tics.Franklin Delano Roosevelt is the president of the United States, and he always has been. Theother two eternal world leaders are Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin. America is not, never has been, and never will be what the song and poems call it, a land of plenty. Nylon，meat, gasoline, and steel are rare. There are too many jobs and not enough workers. Money is very easy to earn but rather hard to spend, because there isnt very much to buy. Trains are always late and always crowded with “service men”. The war will always be fought very far from America, and it will never end. Nothing in America stands still for very long, including the people who are always either leaving or on leave. People in America cry often. Sixteen is the key and crucial and natural age for a human being to be, and people of all other ages are ranged in an orderly manner ahead of and behind you as a har- monious setting for the sixteen-year-olds of the world. When you are sixteen, adults are slightly im- pressed and almost intimidated by you. This is a puzzle finally solved by the realization that they fore- see your military future: fighting for them. You do not foresee it. To waste anything in America is im- moral. String and tinfoil are treasures. Newspapers are always crowed with strange maps and names of towns, and every few months the earth seems to lurch （突然倾斜）from its path when you see some- thing in the newspapers, such as the time Mussolini, who almost seemed one of the eternal leaders, is photographed hanging upside down on a meat hook.1.Which statement best depicts the main idea of the first paragraph?2.Why does the author still clearly remember the war?3.Which statement best describes the authors feelings about the war?4.Why does the author think that adults are impressed with sixteen-year-olds?5.Why does the author say that string and tinfoil are treasures?问题1选项A.Reality is what you make of it.B.Time is like a river.C.Emotions are powerful.D.Every person has a special moment.问题2选项A.Franklin Delano Roosevelt was President.B.It was his personal reality and part of his life.C.There was not much to buy.D.The war would never end.问题3选项A.It was ever real for him, yet he was not actively involved.B.It was real for him because he was a soldier at that time.C.It was very unreal to him.D.The war was very disruptive to the people at home.问题4选项A.Adults would like to be young.B.Sixteen-year-olds do not waste things.C.Sixteen-year-olds read newspapers.D.They will be fighting soon for adults.问题5选项A.The war has made them scarce.B.They are useful to sixteen-year-olds.C.He liked them when he was sixteen.D.People are very wasteful.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.第一段指出：everyone has a moment in his history, which belongs particularly to him （每个人在他的历史上都有一个属于他的时刻）, 选项D符合题意。2.文章第二段指出：the war was and is reality for me （战争对作者来说很真实），这是作者为何记住战争的原因，选项B符合题意。3.文章第二段指出：I still instinctively live and think in its atmosphere. These are some of its characteristics，由此推测战争对他来说是非常真实的，但是文章中并没有提到作者是一名战士，因此选项A符合题意。4.根据题干关键词“adults are impressed with sixteen-year-olds”定位至文章第三段：when you are sixteen, adults are slightly impressed and almost intimidated by you. This is a puzzle finally solved by the realization that they foresee your military future: fighting for them. 可知成年人之所有会对16 岁少年印象深刻是因为他们知道这些少年将来会为他们打仗，选项D符合题意。5.根据题干关键词“String and tinfoil are treasures”定位至第三段，第三段前面提到：Nylon, meat, gasoline, and steel are rare，因此推测当时战争使得物资匮乏，后面指出了“String and tinfoil are treasures”。故答案为A选项。20. 单选题Childhood memoirs often gain their poignancy through a sense of displacement: each lesson is accompanied by a loss of（ ） .问题1选项A.perspectiveB.innocenceC.permissionD.veracity【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。句意：童年记忆经常由于取代感而更加哀伤，每一次教训都伴随着 的丢失。perspective 洞察力，看法；innocence 纯洁，纯真；permission 允许，许可；veracity 诚实，真实。故选B。