2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前模拟强化练习题52（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one popular form continues to thrive: that is alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that the cars of a taxi firm called AAAA have a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers look through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbot has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American presidents and vice-presidents have surnames starting with B and C separately and 26 of George Bushs predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The worlds three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the worlds five richest men (Gates, Buffet, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So shortsighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is seldom asked the improving questions by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.11. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?12. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?13. The fourth paragraph suggests that_.14. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ ?15. Which of the following is true according to the text?问题1选项A.A type of conspicuous bias.B.A kind of overlooked inequality.C.A type of personal prejudiceD.A kind of brand discrimination.问题2选项A.In both East and West, names are important to success.B.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.C.Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.D.Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names.问题3选项A.questions are often put to the more intelligent studentsB.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from classC.students should be seated according to their eyesightD.teachers should pay equal attention to all their students问题4选项A.They are noisily dozing off.B.They are getting impatient.C.They feeling humiliated.D.They are busy with word puzzles.问题5选项A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.B.The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.C.VIPs in the western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.D.Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional unfairness.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】11.推理判断题，定位到文章一二句也是文章的中心句Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one popular form continues to thrive: that is alphabetism.“在过去的一个世纪里，各种不公平和歧视都受到谴责或被定为非法。但有一种流行的形式仍在蓬勃发展，那就是字母排序”这是文章的主旨句，说的是虽然这个社会反对歧视但是有种歧视却被人忽略了，那就是字母顺序歧视。第二段主要是举例说明这种歧视，所以答案选B“一种被忽视的不平等”；A选项“一种明显的偏见”，文章没有提到，属于无中生有；C选项“一种个人偏见”，文章没有提到，属于无中生有；D选项“一种品牌歧视”，文章没有提到，属于无中生有。12.主旨大意题，分析文章前三段的行文结构，文章是总分结构，第一段提出生活中有种歧视被我们忽视了，那就是“字母顺序歧视”这一观点，第二三段都是在举例，说明这种现象不是凭空捏造而是真实存在着的，所以答案选C选项“某种形式的歧视太微妙而无法识别”；A选项“在东方和西方，名字对成功都很重要”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“Zoe Zysman的失败要归咎于字母表”定位到第二段第二句Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbot has in life over Zoe Zysman.（不太为人所知的是，亚当阿伯特(Adam Abbot)在生活中比佐伊兹斯曼(Zoe Zysman)有优势）从这里可以看出名字的字母顺序只是让排在名字字母前面的人比排在后面的人有优势而已，不能把叫Zoe Zysman的人的失败全部归结于字母，这里属于理解过度；D选项“顾客经常很注意公司的名字”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。13.推理判断题，第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第四段第一句Can this merely be coincidence? “这仅仅是巧合吗？”，从这个反问句就可以看出作者认为名字字母靠后的学生难以获得成就并非巧合，第二步，寻找上下文线索，第四段描述的是一个作者的推想，就是那些字母排在后面的人小时候因为老师为了省事所以按照名字字母顺序被排在了后面，结果因为老师的忽略没有发现某些名字字母排后面的学生有近视，坐后面就导致每次问问题也轮不到他，所以他错过了很多成长的机会，然而还觉得幸好没有叫到我，从这里就可以知道作者其实是通过摆事实的手法来建议教师不应该这么简单粗暴地通过名字字母来排座位，应该一视同仁，所以D选项“教师应该对所有的学生给予同等的关注”正确；A选项“问题经常被问给更聪明的学生”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“字母顺序不好的学生经常逃课”文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“学生应根据自己的视力选择座位”，文章讲述这件事情是希望老师最好不要因为方便自己记忆而按照字母顺序排座位，而是希望按照学生的实际情况来排座位，也就是希望老师多多关注学生，而不是让学生自己排座位，所以C选项错误，属于张冠李戴。14.判断推理题，定位到第五段第二句话At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ.“在大学毕业典礼上，ABC是名字首字母的学生自豪地第一个获奖；当轮到Zysmans同学的时候，（）。”文章前面连接的信息是名字以ABC字母开头的人很早就拿到首先就很骄傲的拿到了自己的毕业证，但是名字是Zysmans的人可能因为等待的时间太久了已经睡着了，所以答案选A选项“他们鼾声大作”；B选项“他们开始不耐烦了”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“他们感到羞辱”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“他们忙于字谜”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。15.判断推理题，由文章第四段可知老师会按照字母顺序排位置，没有人会觉得不合理，但是在不知不觉中对那些字母顺序在后面的人造成了一种危害，所以答案选D。A选项定位到第二段第二句 Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbot has in life over Zoe Zysman.（不太为人所知的是，亚当阿伯特(Adam Abbot)在生活中比佐伊兹斯曼(Zoe Zysman)有优势）从这里可知名字字母排前面的人只是相对排后面的人有优势，并没有说到名字字母排后面的人受到了不好的对待，A选项属于无中生有；文章没有提到该怎么纠正这种鲜为人知的歧视，所以也无从知道纠正这件事是不是任重道远，属于无中生有，所以B选项不选；C选项定位到文章第三段，文章第三段只是说西方重要人士的字母排在前面以此来佐证字母歧视是存在的，但是没有说这些人因为名字字母顺序排在前面得到了多少优势，所以C选项属于过度解读。2. 单选题Virtually unknown a decade ago, big online teacher education programs now dwarf their traditional competitors, outstripping (超过)even the largest state university teachers colleges.A USA TODAY analysis of newly released U.S. Department of Education data finds that four big universities, operating mostly online, have quickly become the largest education schools in the USA. Last year the four three of which are for profit awarded one in 16 bachelors degrees and post-graduate awards and nearly one in 11 advanced education awards, including masters degrees and doctorates.A decade ago, the for-profit University of Phoenix awarded 72 education degrees to teachers, administrators and other school personnel through its online program, according to federal data. Last year, it awarded nearly 6,000 degrees, more than any other university.Traditional colleges still produce most of the bachelors degrees in teaching ASU topped the list with 979 bachelors degrees in 2011. But online schools such as Phoenix and Walden University awarded thousands more masters degrees than even the top traditional schools, all of which are pushing to offer online coursework.“We shouldnt be surprised because the whole industry is moving in that direction,” said Robert Pianta, dean of the University of Virginias Curry School of Education. “The thing I would be interested in knowing is the degree to which they are simply pushing these things out in order to generate dollars or whether theres some real innovations in there.”For-profit universities have been the subject of intense scrutiny in Congress. Tom Harkin, D-Iowa, who chairs the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, last week released findings from a two-year investigation showing that they cost more than comparable not-for-profit schools and have higher dropout rates. For-profits, the investigation found, enroll about 10% of U.S. college students but account for nearly 50% of student loan defaults.Online education schools, many of which have open-enrollment policies similar to community colleges, say their offerings are high quality.Janet Williams, interim associate dean for educator licensure programs at Waldens Richard W. Riley College of Education & Leadership, said her student-teachers must undergo a full semester in a real-live K-12 school as a “demonstration teacher,” paired with a master teacher and supervisor in the school district.Meredith Curley, dean of the University of Phoenix College of Education, said many students are returning to complete their education after starting families and changing careers. Their average age is 33, she said, and many work while they attend classes. Becky Lodewyck, Phoenixs associate dean, said teaching candidates must complete at least 100 hours of field experience. She said online classes are “incredibly dynamic” and have the potential to hold students more accountable than face-to-face classes. “You cant hide,” she said. “Everyone participates everyone has to be fully engaged in the work.”6. What can we know about the four big universities that mainly operate online?7. The for-profit University of Phoenix_.8. What was Robert Pianta interested in?9. What was showed in the findings released by Tom Harkin?10. According to Becky Lodewyck, students in online classes_.问题1选项A.They have an important position in education in the US.B.They have become the largest for-profit schools in America.C.They focus on developing advanced education in the US.D.They award most of the bachelors degrees in teaching.问题2选项A.became the largest online education universityB.made great profit from its online programC.enlarged the scale of its online educationD.surpassed the traditional universities in scale问题3选项A.Whether the expanded online schools have some real innovation.B.Whether students can learn something new from those online schools.C.Whether those online schools can get a big profit from expansion.D.Whether the online schools will move in the same direction.问题4选项A.Students in not-for-profit schools are much more likely to drop out.B.Many students in for-profits schools can not pay for student loan.C.It takes two years to investigate the dropout rates in for-profits schools.D.For-profits schools have higher enrollment rate than not-for-profit schools.问题5选项A.have changed careers before their educationB.complete at least 100 hours of field experienceC.have a stronger sense of responsibilityD.have to devote themselves into their studies【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】6.判断推理，第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第二段最后一句awarded one in 16 bachelors degrees and post-graduate awards and nearly one in 11 advanced education awards, including masters degrees and doctorates.（在16个学士学位和研究生学位奖项中有1个被授予，在11个高等教育奖项中有近1个被授予，包括硕士学位和博士学位），十一份高等教育学历就有一张是四大机构颁发的，第二步，寻找上下文线索，上下文都是在说四大机构所集中的领域都是大学教育范围，所以C选项“他们专注于发展美国的高等教育”正确。A选项“他们在美国的教育中占有重要地位”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“他们已经成为美国最大的盈利性学校”，见正确选项，虽然有三家机构是盈利性质但是还有一家不是，所以B选项不能选，属于以偏概全；D选项“他们授予大多数的教学学士学位。”，定位到第四段第一句Traditional colleges still produce most of the bachelors degrees in teaching ASU topped the list with 979 bachelors degrees in 2011.（传统大学仍然提供大部分的教学学士学位2011年，亚利桑那州立大学以979个学士学位高居榜首）从这里可知是传统大学提供的教学学士学位比较多，而不是线上教育，所以D选项错误，这里属于反向干扰。7.事实细节题，第一步精准定位，定位到第三段第一二句话A decade ago, the for-profit University of Phoenix awarded 72 education degrees to teachers, administrators and other school personnel through its online program, according to federal data. Last year, it awarded nearly 6,000 degrees, more than any other university.（联邦数据显示，十年前，以盈利为目的的菲尼克斯大学（University of Phoenix）通过其在线项目向教师、管理人员和其他学校工作人员颁发了72个教育学位。去年，它颁发了近6000个学位，比其他任何一所大学都多），从这里可知，十年前凤凰大学只颁发了72个教育学位而去年颁发了6000个，从这里可以看出答案选C“扩大在线教育的规模”；A选项“成为最大的在线教育大学”，定位到第四段第二句话But online schools such as Phoenix and Walden University awarded thousands more masters degrees than even the top traditional schools（但凤凰城大学（Phoenix University）和瓦尔登大学（Walden University）等在线商学院颁发的硕士学位甚至比顶级传统商学院还要多数千人），虽然这里提到凤凰大学超过了线下教育，但是没有说它与瓦尔登大学谁最大，属于曲解原文；B选项“从它的在线项目中获得了巨大的利润”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“在规模上超过了传统大学”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有。8.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到第五段最后一句话“The thing I would be interested in knowing is the degree to which they are simply pushing these things out in order to generate dollars or whether theres some real innovations in there.”（“我感兴趣的是，他们为了赚钱而推出这些产品的程度，或者是否有一些真正的创新。”），第二步，综合理解，这些在线学校能否从扩张中获得巨大利润。由这里可知罗伯特院长知道这些学校推动线上课程会赚钱，他的疑惑是线上课程的推动是仅仅为了赚钱还是真的有创新概念在里面，答案选A“扩大后的在线学校是否有一些真正的创新”。B选项“学生是否能从网上学校学到一些新东西”，文章没有提及所以不选，这里属于无中生有；C选项“这些在线学校能否从扩张中获得巨大利润”，见正确选项，所以C选项错误，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“网络学校是否会朝着同样的方向发展”，文章没有提及所以不选，这里属于无中生有。9.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到第六段最后一句For-profits, the investigation found, enroll about 10% of U.S. college students but account for nearly 50% of student loan defaults.（调查发现，营利性机构招收了大约10%的美国大学生，但却造成了近50%的学生贷款违约）。第二步，综合理解，10%的学生占了50%的贷款违约率，由此可知答案选B选项“许多盈利性学校的学生不能支付学生贷款”。A选项“非营利性学校的学生退学的可能性更大”，定位到第六段第二句last week released findings from a two-year investigation showing that they cost more than comparable not-for-profit schools and have higher dropout rates.（上周公布的一项为期两年的调查结果显示，这些学校的成本高于类似的非营利性学校，辍学率也更高），这些机构（指盈利性机构）比非盈利性辍学率高，由此可知A选项错误，属于反向干扰；C选项“花了两年时间调查营利性学校的辍学率”，见A选项，这项调查的目的是对比盈利机构和非盈利学校的区别，调查的目的不是为了研究辍学率，这里属于偷换概念；D选项“盈利性学校的入学率高于非盈利性学校”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。10.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到第九段第三句话Becky Lodewyck, Phoenixs associate dean, said teaching candidates must complete at least 100 hours of field experience.（凤凰大学的副院长贝克尔洛德维克（Becky Lodewyck）说，教学候选人必须完成至少100小时的实地试验），由此可知答案选B“完成至少100小时的现场经验”。A选项“他们在接受教育之前已经改变了职业”，定位到第九段第一句话Meredith Curley, dean of the University of Phoenix College of Education, said many students are returning to complete their education after starting families and changing careers.（凤凰城大学教育学院院长梅雷迪思柯利（Meredith Curley）表示，许多学生在成家和转行后重返校园完成学业），这句话虽然正确但是不是贝克尔说的，这里属于张冠李戴；C选项“有更强的责任感”，定位到第九段第四句he said online classes are “incredibly dynamic” and have the potential to hold students more accountable than face-to-face classes.（他说，网络课程“令人难以置信地充满活力”，比面对面的课程更有可能让学生负起责任来），根据关键词have the potential可知这只是贝克尔的一个推测，并没有实际的依据说明上网课能让学生有更强的责任感，这里属于偷换概念；D选项“必须全身心地投入到学习中去”，定位到最后一段最后一句话“You cant hide,” she said. “Everyone participates everyone has to be fully engaged in the work.”（“你躲不掉的，”她说。“每个人都参与每个人都必须全身心地投入工作。）这只是贝克尔的一种推断，她觉得每个人不得不全身心投入工作，但是她没有实际的事例或者实验来支持她这一说法，虽然B、D选项都是出自贝克尔之口，但是前者描述的是一种基本事实，后者则是她自己的主观臆断，所以D选项属于曲解原文，不能选。3. 单选题Like a tired marriage, the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been reassuringly dull. E-books, however, are causing heartache. Libraries know they need digital wares if they are to remain relevant, but many publishers are too wary of piracy and lost sales to co-operate. Among the big six, only Random House and HarperCollins license e-books with most libraries. The others have either denied requests or are reluctantly experimenting. In August, for example, Penguin will start a pilot with public libraries in New York.Publishers are wise to be nervous. Owners of e-readers are exactly the customers they need: book-lovers with money (neither the devices nor broadband connections come cheap). If these wonderful people switch to borrowing e-books instead of buying them, what then?Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient. Unlike printed books, which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles from where you live, book files can be downloaded at home. Digital library catalogues are often browsed at night, from a comfy sofa. The files disappear from the device when they are due (which means no late fees, nor worry about lost or damaged books).Awkwardly for publishers, buying an e-book costs more than renting one but offers little extra value. You cannot resell it, lend it to a friend or burn it to stay warm. Owning a book is useful if you want to savor (品尝)it repeatedly, but who reads “Fifty Shades of Grey” twice?E-lending is not simple, however. There are lots of different and often incompatible e-book formats, devices and licenses. Most libraries use a company called OverDrive, a global distributor that secures rights from publishers and provides e-books and audio files in every format. Some 35m titles were checked out through OverDrive in 2011, and the company now sends useful data on borrowing behavior to participating publishers. Yet publishers and libraries are worried by OverDrives market dominance, as the company can increasingly dictate fees and conditions.Library boosters argue that book borrowers are also book buyers, and that libraries are vital spaces for readers to discover new work. Many were cheered by a recent Pew survey, which found that more than half of Americans with library cards say they prefer to buy their e-books. But the report also noted that few people know that e-books are available at most libraries, and that popular titles often involve long waiting lists, which may be what inspires people to buy.So publishers keep tweaking (对稍作调整)their lending arrangements in search of the right balance.Random House raised its licensing prices earlier this year, and HarperCollins limits libraries to lending its titles 26 times. Penguin plans to keep new releases out of libraries for at least six months, and each book will expire after a year. The story of the library e-book is a nail-biter.6. What can we learn about the big six publishers?7. What is the advantage of electronic borrowing?8. Why are publishers and libraries worried about OverDrives market dominance?9. What was shown in Pew survey?10. What does the author mean by saying “The story of the library e-book is a nail-biter.”?问题1选项A.They know they need to cooperate with libraries.B.They have recently sold e-books to most libraries.C.Most of them hesitate in cooperation with libraries.D.They stand out against selling e-books to libraries.问题2选项A.There is no need to worry about deadlines.B.It can pay for the late fees automatically.C.Readers can lend the book files to their friends.D.It is much cheaper than traditional printed books.问题3选项A.Publisher and libraries will lose their market shares of e-books.B.OverDrive provides various format of e-books and audio files.C.OverDrive will increasingly divide their profit of e-books. OverDriveD.E-readers will not lend e-books or audio files from libraries.问题4选项A.The desire to collect popular books inspires people to buy them.B.E-readers in America prefer to buy their e-books from libraries.C.More than half of Americans are book borrowers and book buyers.D.People with library cards usually have to wait for popular e-books.问题5选项A.Many problems about e-book lending need to be solved.B.It is wise for publishers to cooperate closely with libraries.C.Cooperation between publishers and libraries is a win-win strategy.D.Libraries will dominant the book market by lending e-books【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】6.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第一段四五句话Among the big six, only Random House and HarperCollins license e-books with most libraries. The others have either denied requests or are reluctantly experimenting“在六大出版社中，只有兰登书屋和哈珀柯林斯向大多数图书馆授权使用电子书。其他人要么拒绝了请求，要么不情愿地尝试”，由此可知答案选C选项“他们中的大多数人在与图书馆合作方面犹豫不决”。A选项“他们知道他们需要与图书馆合作”，定位到第一段第二句Libraries know they need digital wares if they are to remain relevant, but many publishers are too wary of piracy and lost sales to co-operate“图书馆知道，如果要保持相关性，他们需要数字产品，但许多出版商对盗版和销售损失过于谨慎，不愿合作”，这里可知他们是不愿意和图书馆合作的，这里属于反向干扰；B选项“他们最近向大多数图书馆出售了电子书”，见正确选项解析，是某些出版社向大部分图书馆销售电子书并不是全部的出版社，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“他们坚决反对向图书馆出售电子书”，见正确选项解析，因为已经有出版社向图书馆出售电子书了，这里属于反向干扰。7.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段倒数第二句The files disappear from the device when they are due (which means no late fees,