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2022年高考英语二轮总复习 专题2 第9讲 非谓语动词学案考点归纳1:现在分词和不定式作结果状语的区别 不定式(短语)作结果状语时,前面往往有only/just修饰,表达出人意料或不情愿看到的结果;现在分词(短语)作结果状语,表达合乎情理的自然的结果。考点归纳2:动名词复合结构,with复合结构和独立主格结构的区别为了表达动名词动作的发出者,此时使用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词动名词结构,此结构叫做动名词复合结构。动名词复合结构不作主语时,其中的名词所有格可以改为普通格,物主代词可改为宾格。如: my fathers going alone my father going alone; our taking part in it us taking part in it。“with 宾语宾补”结构叫with复合结构,其中宾补可由非谓语动词(不定式,现在分词,过去分词),介词,形容词,副词(限表方位,状态,地点的副词)及名词充当,在句中主要作状语,有时可作定语。 时间、条件、原因等状语从句的主语如果和主句的主语不相同,此时,从句的简化只能借助于独立主格结构。依据从句本身的主、被动关系,恰当使用to do短语, doing 短语或done短语,并在这些短语前加上to do, doing, done的主语(即逻辑主语),这种结构称为独立主格结构;独立主格结构可以充当时间、条件、原因、伴随等状语。 考点归纳3:非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义 详见第7讲中动词的语态考点归纳2主动表被动的若干情形。考点归纳4:动词接动名词和不定式作宾语 只能接动名词作宾语的动词,如excuse, suggest, advise, mind, consider, admit, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, fancy, resist, practise, finish, postpone, delay, miss, risk, permit, allow等; 只能接不定式作宾语的动词,如hope, wish, expect, refuse, pretend, decide, choose, determine, ask等;少数动词既可以接动名词作宾语,又可以接不定式作宾语,但意义区别很大,如: remember to do sth. “记得要做某事”, remember doing sth. “记得做过某事”; forget to do sth. “忘记要做某事”, forget doing sth. “忘记做过某事”; regret to do sth. “对要做某事感到遗憾”, regret doing sth. “对做过某事感到后悔”;mean doing sth. “意味着”,mean to do sth. “想要做某事”;try doing sth. “尝试做某事”,try to do sth. “努力做某事”;cant help doing sth. “情不自禁做某事”,cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事;少数动词既可以接动名词作宾语,又可以接不定式作宾语,但意义区别不大,接动名词作宾语时表示习惯性动作,接不定式作宾语时表示一次性动作,如:like doing sth. 表示一贯的爱好,like to do sth. 表示说话者即将去做感兴趣的事情。例1:(xx福建卷)Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent【解析】A表示与谓语动词“were working”伴随,且与句中主语是主动关系,故用sending。例2:(xx福建卷)The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more fortable_. A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold【解析】 D题意:在厚度和重量上与上一代的区别使得iPad 2携带起来更舒适。“性质形容词不定式”是一种常用法,性质形容词说明不定式特征,用主动形式表示被动意义,故选D。 例3:(xx福建卷)Tsinghua University, _in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded【解析】C题意:创建于1911年的清华大学是许多杰出人物的摇篮。Tsinghua University与found是被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。 例4:(xx上海卷)Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues _ with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused【解析】A考查“keepsb. /sth. 宾补”这个结构,根据句意, her colleagues与amuse之间为被动关系。 例5:(xx上海卷) I had great difficulty _ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. A. find B. found C. to find D. finding【解析】D考查固定搭配:have difficulty(in)doing sth. 做某事有困难。 【小结】 非谓语动词是高考的必考点,主要包括不定式的时态、语态;不定式作状语、定语;动名词作主语、宾语;动名词与不定式作宾语;现在分词与过去分词作状语,定语及补语等。 主要偏重于非谓语动词的时态,语态及所表达的逻辑关系。
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