英语特殊句型脚本大纲目标意义

英语讲座 英语特殊句型的理解主讲人 毛志钢2007-11-15课程大纲1. 课程意义2. 课程目标3. 课程介绍4. 课程内容安排第一单元 课程介绍第一节. 课程目标意义第二节. 课程内容安排 第三节. 课程测试方法第二单元 否定句第一节 主语+否定谓语，not + 同前主语第二节 主语+否定谓语+much less/still less +词组或从句第三节 主语+否定谓语+to say nothing of/not to speak of/not to mention +名词第四节 半否定词+or/if+否定代词或副词第五节 主语+cannot + but/choose but/help but +动词原型第六节 （There be）No+主语+but+谓语+其它第七节 A分句（否定）+ but + B分句（肯定） without the result that:第八节 主语+be + the last + 名词+从句/to do第三单元 判断句第一节 主语+cant+谓语+too+形容词/副词第二节 主语+谓语+no other than/none other than/ none but+宾语/表语第三节 主语+be nothing +else but/else than/less than+表语第四节 主语+be not A, but B./ 主语+be +B+ and (but) not A第五节 (It is) Not that A + but that B.第六节 So far from being ., 主语+谓语 非但不.反而第七节 主语+be + less A than B./ 主语+be+ more B than A第八节 主语+be +B rather than A第九节 主语+ be not so much A as B. 与其说A不如说B第十节 主语+ be being +doing第十一节 时间 + see/witness +宾语第四单元 祝愿祈使句第一节 Be so kind/good as to do sth第二节 Supposing/Suppose主语+动词原形第三节 Long live +第三人称主语第四节 May +主语 +动词原形第五节 名词 to 名词第六节 If only +主语 + 虚拟谓语第七节 O/Oh/Ah, + that 从句（虚拟）第八节 Be+主语 +表语第九节 Would (that) +主语 +虚拟谓语第五单元 感叹句第一节 To think that + 从句（虚拟谓语）第二节 Fancy + 动名词第六单元 疑问句第一节 疑问词+in the world/on earth/the devil/ever .?第二节 疑问句+do you think/did you say/can you guess/do you suppose + 其它？第三节 肯定陈述，+ 肯定反问第四节 疑问词位置不在句首第七单元 数词句型第一节 用exactly/clear/sharp第二节 about /or so/ more or less/ some第三节 年龄表达第四节 计量表达第八单元 关联指代第一节 On (the) one hand, . and on the other (hand) .第二节 two (both) . the one (and) the other.第三节 first.second.third.lastly.第九单元 比较句型第一节 某些形容词-or + to + 被比对象第二节 Better.than.第三节 choose A before B第十单元 比喻句型第一节 like, as第二节 A is to B as C is to D第三节 (Just) As/What +喻体, so/that +本体第四节 A to B is as . as C to D第五节 may as well . as .第六节 as.asI. 否定句II. 判断句III. 祝愿祈使句IV. 感叹句V. 疑问句VI. 数词句型VII. 关联指代VIII. 比较句型IX. 比喻句型第一单元 否定句第一节. 主语+否定谓语，not + 同前主语Ill not do such a thing, not I.He wont break his word, not he.Tom cant speak Russian, not he.用于加强否定语气。第二节. 主语+否定谓语+much less/still less +词组或从句I could not assent to, much less participate in such proceedings.He doesnt like music, still less/much less dancing.I didnt even see him, still less/much less shake hands with him.用于进一步否定。第三节. 主语+否定谓语+to say nothing of/not to speak of/not to mention +名词主语+否定谓语+let alone+名词或从句He doesnt know English, to say nothing of German or French.I dont know algebra or geometry, not to mention calculus.I never thought of it, let alone (much less/still less) did I do it.用于进一步否定。第四节. 半否定词+or/if+否定代词或副词Few, however, if any, besides the King himself, believed that Hermione was guilty.I saw little or nothing of him after you were gone.She seldom or never (if ever) made a mistake.Peter read little or nothing (little if anything) in summer vacation.Mr. Morris seldom or never went out.表示半否定或让步否定。第五节. 主语+cannot + but/choose but/help but +动词原型I cannot but admire his courage.We cant (choose) but admit that in certain aspects of science and technology they are ahead of us.We cant but read books to increase our knowledge.意为“不得不，别无选择”。第六节. （There be）No+主语+but+谓语+其它（其中but 相当于who.not, that.not, which.not）There is no man but has his faults.(There is no man who doesnt have his faults.There is no man without faults.All men have faults.)(There is) Nobody but has his faults.There is no rule but has exceptions.There is nobody but knows this matter.双重否定表示强烈之肯定。第七节. A分句（否定）+ but + B分句（肯定） =without the result that:It never rains but pours. She never comes but she brings us something to eat.They never met but they fought.借否定来强调肯定。第八节. 主语+be + the last + 名词+从句/to doHe is the last person to say that.You are the last woman that I want to marry.That is the last place where I expected to have met you.Lying is the last thing that he is likely to do.第二单元 判断句第一节. 主语+cant+谓语+too+形容词/副词You cant read too much/ many books.We cant be too careful.Nobody can have too many friends.She can never have too many dresses.表示强烈之肯定。第二节. 主语+谓语+no other than/none other than/ none but+宾语/表语The man was no other than John.We depend on none but ourselves. 只有强调判断句。第三节. 主语+be nothing +else but/else than/less than+表语He is nothing but a paper tiger.The situation is nothing else but/than fine.That is nothing less than a miracle. 不亚于, 完全Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.强调判断句。第四节. 主语+be not A, but B./ 主语+be +B+ and (but) not A.I am very ill, not bodily, but mentally.The tragedy is not in not knowing, but in not knowing that you dont know.It is yours, and not mine.It is not mine, but yours.选择判断句。第五节. (It is) Not that A + but that B.It is not that I dislike the work, but that I have no time.Not that we are afraid of Americans, but that they are afraid of us.It is not heroes that make history, but history that makes heroes, and that, consequently, it is not heroes who create a people, but the people who create heroes and more history onward.选择判断句。第六节. So far from being ., 主语+谓语 非但不.反而So far from being a help, he is a hindrance.So far from being ashamed of it, he takes pride in it.So far from being true, the news is false.选择判断句。第七节. 主语+be + less A than B./ 主语+be+ more B than A.Experience shows that success is due less to ability than to zeal.It is even more a picture than a poem.He is more shy than (he is) unsocial.He is more angry than frightened. (not: angrier)比较判断句。第八节. 主语+be +B rather than A.He is an ordinary worker rather than a leader.He is rather diligent than clever.The patient was worse rather than better.He is an artist rather than a philosopher.与其说，不如说。比较判断句。第九节. 主语+ be not so much A as B. 与其说A不如说BHe is not so much a scholar as a writer.It is not so much a help as advice. A mans worth lies not so much in what he has as in what he is.比较判断句。第十节. 主语+ be being +doing.She is being kind.They are being friendly.Tom is being naughty.He is being good/helpful/a fool.故意。有意。第十一节 时间 + see/witness +宾语The twentieth century saw the rapid development of IT.The happy May witnessed their grand wedding.1976 saw the loss of two great men in China.拟人表达。III. 祝愿祈使句第一节. Be so kind/good as to do sth.Be good/kind enough to do sth.Be so kind/kind enough to shut the door.Be so good as to come and join us.Be good enough (so good as) to help me with my English.委婉的请求。第二节. Supposing/Suppose主语+动词原形Suppose we try to do it my way.Suppose we start tomorrow.Supposing we go for a swim.Supposing we buy a car.类似let，但更委婉。第三节. Long live +第三人称主语Long live the people!Long live our motherland!.万岁。第四节. May +主语 +动词原形May you return soon.May he be happy.May she never repent this act.(May) God bless you.祝愿。第五节. 名词 to 名词Glory to the people!Success to you!Best wishes to you!A happy journey to you!祝愿。第六节. If only +主语 + 虚拟谓语If only Mao Zedong were still by our side to see this with his own eyes!If only I had known then what I knew long afterwards!If only I could see her again!若.就好了。第七节. O/Oh/Ah, + that 从句（虚拟）O/Oh/Ah, + to be +表语O/Oh/Ah, + 虚拟谓语 +主语Oh, that she could come back to life again!O that he were a live and could see this!Ah, to be in England now that April is there!O to be a boy again!O were he only here!O had I wings!虚拟的愿望。第八节Be+主语 +表语 属于；遇到：表语 + be +主语Be ours a happy meeting!Light be her heart and gay her merry eyes!So be it! (So may it be. Be it so.)Blessed be he that spares these stones and curst be he that moves my bones.书面语的愿望。第九节. Would (that) +主语 +虚拟谓语Would (that) it were otherwise!Would that they were safe home again!Would I were a woman!Would that I were young again!祝愿。虚拟的愿望。第五单元. 感叹句第一节. To think that + 从句（虚拟谓语）To think that you should fail!To think that I should be s insulted!To think that I knew nothing about it!To think that you are/were so careless!意外而感叹。第二节. Fancy + 动名词Fancy meeting so many friends here!Fancy his doing a thing like that!Fancy his making such a wonderful speech!Fancy (that)! Just fancy!表示“真想不到”。第六单元. 疑问句第一节. 疑问词+in the world/on earth/the devil/ever .?What in the world do you mean?Who on earth told you that?Who the devil is he?Where ever did you lose it?Who ever wants it?强调疑问句。第二节. 疑问句+do you think/did you say/can you guess/do you suppose + 其它？What do you think I should do first?How old were you then, did you say?How many books, can you guess, did he buy the other day?疑问句中插入成分。第三节. 肯定陈述，+ 肯定反问We are old friends, not strangers, right?So you have seen the film, have you?She is a sweet girl, is she?修辞性反问以加强语气，非反意问句，故无需作答。肯定反问中的动词须重读。第四节. 疑问词位置不在句首Five times what number makes 20?You are twenty-what this year?He is your who?You bought a what yesterday?He went all the way where?特殊疑问句的灵活运用。第七单元. 数词句型第一节. 用exactly/clear/sharpThe cloth measures ten yards exactly.Its now exactly ten oclock.Its ten sharp.It takes me three clear days.精确整数。第二节. about /or so/ more or less/ someAbout ten thousand cars were produced.He wrote some 800 books.During the past ten years or so, the production has increased by 90 %.Its an hours journey, more or less.约指整数。第三节. 年龄表达I am 20.I am 20 years old.I am 20 years of age.I am aged 20 (years).My age is 20 (years).He entered school at the age of 5.He became plump at 50.He graduated at 20 years of age.He is a girl of 18 (years old).He is a man aged 20 years.They are under/below 7 years of age.She is in her teens.第四节. 计量表达The tree is about 60 feet high (in height).longin length widein widththickin thickness heavyin weighthigh(物)in height tall(人)in heightdeepin depth acrossin breadth(宽度)acrossin diameter(直径) acrossin radius(半径)This room measures 60 feet (in length) by 15 feet (in breadth).第八单元. 关联指代第一节. On (the) one hand, . and on the other (hand) .On the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other, I am your comrade and friend.They have been blamed on the one hand and lauded on the other.On the one hand, you shouldnt be shy; on the other hand, you mustnt forget your manners.同一事物之两面。第二节. two (both) . the one (and) the other.two (both) .the former, the latter.two (both) .the first, the second.two (both) .that, this.two (both) .those, these.I have two brothers; the one (former) is fifteen, and the other (latter) is eleven.Work and play are both necessary to health; this (the latter) gives us rest, and that (the former) gives energy.They keep horses and cattle, those for riding, and these for food.先后两事物。第三节. first.second.third.lastly.firstly.secondly.thirdly.lastly.one.two.three.four.First, I wish both of you good health. Second, I wish both of you success in your work; and third, I wish both of you good luck in everything.What do we need in order to really win? We need three things: first, arms, second, arms, third, arms and arms again.序列。第九单元. 比较句型第一节. 某些形容词-or + to + 被比对象His strength is superior to/greater than mine.Socialism is superior to capitalism.My knowledge is inferior to/less than his.Is your father senior to mine?Colored people are by no means inferior to white people.His arrival is posterior to that of my friend.特殊比较级句型。第二节. Better.than.Better late than never.Better to do well than to say well.Better to light one candle than to curse the darkness.Better die standing than live kneeling.“宁可，最好”，It is被省略。第三节. choose A before BA hero should choose death before dishonor.I am willing to work myself to death before I give up.I would do anything before that.优先选择。第十单元. 比喻句型第一节. like, asHe stood there like a tree.Use a book as a bee does a flower.A year has gone as a tortoise goes heavy and slow.比喻。第二节. A is to B as C is to D.A to B is what C is to D.Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.Intellect is to the mind what sight is to the body.Air is to us what/as water is to fish.比喻。第三节. (Just) As/What +喻体, so/that +本体Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.What salt is to food, that wit and humor are to conversation and literature.What blood vessel is to a mans body, that railway is to transportation.As food is to man, so manure is to crops.比喻。第四节. A to B is as . as C to D.Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food to the body.He walks as if he were as blind as a beetle.A pen to a writer is as important as arms to a soldier.同等重要性比喻。第五节. may as well . as .You may as well call a cat a little tiger as call a tiger a big cat.She might as well love a dream as fall in love with me.One might as well expect the leopard to change his spots as expect the wolf to change its nature.类似比喻。第六节. as.asIt is as hot as hot can be.He works as hard as hard can be.Shes as beautiful as beautiful can be.形容词活用。17