2022高考英语 被动语态、条件状语从句和让步状语从句导学案

2022高考英语 被动语态、条件状语从句和让步状语从句导学案一、学习目标1. 条件状语从句及其连词的用法。2. 让步状语从句及其连词的用法。3. 被动语态。二、重点、难点重点：条件状语从句、让步状语从句及被动语态。难点：让步状语从句和名词性从句的区别。三、考情分析这三种语法是高考考查的重点语法，历年考题中占有重要的地位，一般能在单选中占3-4分；在完形填空中也能占2-3分；我们复习时要特别注意这几种语法及其做题技巧，认真研究近几年的高考题。知识梳理一、条件状语从句【教材原句】If you say the word “munication”, most people think of words and sentences.如果你说单词“交流”，大部分人会想到单词和句式。If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a weapon.如果我们的右手忙着问候别人，它就不可能握有武器。考点1 引导条件状语从句的从属连词【用法】连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, provided, suppose, supposing 等。【例句】You can leave now if you like. 如果你愿意现在就可以走了。As long as it doesnt rain we can go. 只要不下雨，我们就可以去。In case I forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘记，请提醒我一下。I will e on condition (that) she is invited too. 如果邀请她来, 那我就来。He may go with us provided providing he arrives in time. 他若及时到达，就可以和我们一起走。【考题链接】 they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.A. As B. While C. Until D. Once答案：D 解题思路：句意：一旦他们决定去哪个大学，学生就应该搜索入学手续。once 一旦，根据句意选择D。考点2 条件状语从句的时态【用法】当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时，条件状语从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。【例句】Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.如果你不是太累的话，让我们出去散步。Ill stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 要是明天下雨，我就呆在家里。【考题链接】We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours _ well. A. is workingB. worksC. will be workingD. worked答案：B 解题思路：句意：如果你的那个新经济计划效果不好的话，我们今年会失去很多钱。在条件状语从句中，如果主句用一般将来时态，那么从句用一般现在时态表示将来意义。考点3 if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种【用法】真实条件句表示现实情况中可能实现的情况。非真实条件句也叫虚拟条件句，表示与现实情况相反的假设情况。【例句】If it rains tomorrow, we wont go on a picnic.（真实条件句）如果明天下雨，我们就不去野餐了。If I were you, I would go with him. （非真实条件句）如果我是你，我会跟他一道去。【考题链接】1. In time of serious accidents, _ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. A. whether B. untilC. if D. unless答案：C 解题思路：句意：遇到严重的事故时，如果我们了解一些基础的急救知识，我们就能挽救生命。if如果；unless如果不。2. Mary is ill today. If she _, she _ absent from school.A. were not ill, wouldnt be B. had been ill, wouldnt have beenC. had been ill, should have been D. hadnt been ill, could be答案：A 解题思路：句意：玛丽今天病了。如果她不病，她就不会缺课了。根据句意可知是虚拟语气的句子，并且指的是和现在事实相反的虚拟，故从句用一般过去时，而主句用would +do,故答案选A。即学即练1. We all know that, _, the situation will get worse. A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt withC. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with答案：B 解题思路：句意：我们都了解，这种状况如果不认真处理，会变的更糟。本题考查条件状语从句及省略。当主语和主句的主语一致并且有be时，省略主语和be; B项等于if the situation is not carefully dealt with,。2. _ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even thoughB. Unless C. As long asD. While答案：C 解题思路：句意：只要我知道钱是安全的，我就不会担心了。even though即使；unless除非；as long as只要；while尽管。二、让步状语从句考点1 whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however和no matter what/ who/ where/ when/ how等引导的让步状语从句。注意1：whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however和no matter what/ who/ where/ when/ how等引导让步状语从句时，可以换用，意为：无论，都。注意2：解这一类题目时，要注意连词在让步状语从句中所作的句子成分，另外，还要注意从句的语序。【例句】Whoever did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished.不管是谁干的这事，早晚要被抓住并受到惩罚。Some people enjoy themselves wherever they are.有些人能够随遇而安。【考题链接】1. _ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. A. However B. Whatever C. No matter D. Although答案：A 解题思路：此题考查however的用法。句意：无论你准备的多么充分，在爬山时仍需要运气。however等于no matter how,但no matter不能单独用。句中的well是副词，所以用however, 而不用whatever。2. No matter how , it is not necessarily lifelessA. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may beC. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be答案：B 解题思路：句意：沙漠无论多么干燥，它也肯定有生命。让步状语从句的顺序必须是陈述语序，故排除A、C和D。考点2 although/though/as引导的让步状语从句。【用法】1. although和though引导让步状语从句时意为“尽管，虽然”，二者一般可以换用。要注意although 和though不能和but连用，但可以和yet或still连用。2. as和though引导的让步状语从句，多使用倒装句。通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语，则把表语置于句首，而且名词前要省略冠词；如果从句中有修饰动词的副词，则将该副词置于句首；如果从句中有情态动词，则将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。【例句】Although/Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。Though I believe it, yet I must consider.尽管我相信这一点，但我还得考虑考虑。Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.）尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.（=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.）虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。【考题链接】1._this is only a small town, its crowded with tourists who e here all year round. A. Since B. Unless C. Once D. Although答案：D 解题思路：句意：这仅是个小镇，但这里一年到头挤满了游客。although 引导让步状语从句。since意为“自从”；unless意为“除非”；once意为“一旦”。2. _, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A. Strange as might it soundB. As it might sound strangeC. As strange it might soundD. Strange as it might sound答案：D 解题思路：句意：尽管听起来很奇怪。as引导让步状语从句时,常放在作表语、状语或谓语的一部分的形容词、名词、副词或动词原形之后。如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，则不再用冠词。考点3 even if/even though引导的让步状语从句【用法】even if/even though意为“即使，尽管”，引导的让步状语从句的内容既可以是事实，也可以是一种假设。【例句】Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.）即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。【考题链接】Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _ they knew it was valuable. A. as if B. now thatC. even thoughD. so that答案：C 解题思路：句意：尽管他们知道他的建议很有价值，但许多人都不理会。even though 引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。as if意为“好像”。now that意为“既然”。so that意为“以便”。考点4 while引导的让步状语从句【用法】while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，相当于although。【例句】While I like the colour, I dont like the shape.我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。【考题链接】_ the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. A. If B. While C. Because D. As答案：B 解题思路：句意：网络有很大的帮助，我认为花太多的时间在上面没有好处。考查状语从句（从属连词的选用），根据题干含义，显然需要一个表转折或让步的词，即while，尽管。而A是如果，表条件，C是因为，表原因，D是因为和像，表原因和方式。考点5 whetheror引导的让步状语从句。【用法】whetheror引导让步状语从句，意为“不管还是”。【例句】Whether you believe it or not, its true.无论你是否相信，这都是真的。Whether or not they win this battle, they wont win the war.不管他们是否能赢得这次战役，他们绝不会赢得这场战争。【考题链接】All people, _ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. A. even if B. whether C. no matter D. however答案：B 解题思路：句意：所有人，无论老少、穷富，都在尽力帮助那些灾难后急需帮助的人。本题考查固定词组搭配。whetheror表示“无论还是”。即学即练1. _ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.A. WhileB. OnceC. If D. Until答案：A 解题思路：考查状语从句。句意为:尽管我总是会感到我能通过考试,但是我从没有想过我会得个“优”。A项while引导让步状语从句,表尽管,符合句意;B项once一旦,曾经;C项if 如果；D项until直到。2. _ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.A. HoweverB. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever答案：A 解题思路：考查状语从句。句意为:无论你多么努力地尝试,在不减少你的食量的情况下很难减肥。A项however无论如何,不管怎样,符合句意。B项whatever无论什么样;C项whichever无论哪一个;D项whenever无论何时。3. Look at those clouds!Dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time.A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only答案：A 解题思路：考查连词。句意为：看看那些乌云!别担心。即使下雨,我们仍然会玩得很开心。even if虽然,即使;as though好像,仿佛;in case万一,以防;if only要是就好了。4. Hot _ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.A. although B. as C. while D. however答案：B 解题思路：考查状语从句和倒装。句意为：尽管晚间的空气很热,我们还是睡得很沉,因为走了那么长的路程后我们累坏了。句子前半部分为让步状语从句,A项、B项、C项都可表示“尽管”,引导让步状语从句,但此句用了倒装,表语hot 提前,只有as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序, although与while 不能用倒装,所以B项符合题意。三、被动语态【教材原句】【基本用法】1. 被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语中也可以用get / bee + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者时常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。2. 不同时态的被动语态时态动词形式一般现在时am / is / are +过去分词 (p.p.)一般过去时was / were + p.p.一般将来时shall / will + be + p.p.现在进行时am / is / are + being + p.p.过去进行时was / were + being + p.p.现在完成时has / have + been + p.p.过去完成时had been + p.p.过去将来时should / would + be + p.p.【例句】The book has been translated into many languages.这本书已经译成了许多语言。The machine parts may be needed in our work.这些机器零件在我们工作中可能被用到。【考题链接】把下列句子变成被动语态1. He plants flowers every year. 2. I wrote a letter yesterday. 3. We must obey the school rules. 4. I wont believe his story. 5. They have planted a lot of trees since 1990. 6. A friend is playing the piano. 7. I was mending the bike when Tom came in. 答案：1. Flowers are planted by him every year.2. A letter was written by me yesterday.3. The school rules must be obeyed by us.4. His story wont be believed by me.5. A lot of trees have been planted by them since 1990.6. The piano is being played by a friend.7. The bike was being mended by me when Tom came in.【特别提醒】1. 当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：A. 谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。B. 用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。【例句】People know paper was made in China first.=It is known that paper was made in China first.=Paper was known to be made in China first.人们知道纸张是中国先发明的。类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that 【考题链接】句型转换1. People suggest that the farmers must grow crops in proper time. = 2. We advise that people should respect the rules.= = 答案：1. It is suggested that the farmers must grow crops in proper time.2. It is advised that people should respect the rules.People are advised to respect the rules.2. 不能用被动语态的几种情况。【用法】所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。【例句】The books belong to me.这些书是我的。The kind of shoes sells well.这种鞋卖的很好。The cake tastes very good.这个蛋糕尝起来很好吃。(以上句子都不能变成被动)【考题链接】1. He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _to Peter.A. is belonged B. belonged C. belongs D. is belonging 答案：C 解题思路：本题考查时态、语态和belong的用法。belong没有被动语态和进行时态，故排除A和D；第二句中this one是句子的主语，he uses是省略that的定语从句，根据he does和he uses可知应用一般现在时态，故选C。2. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area_. We must act immediately before theres none left.A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run outD. are being run out答案：B 解题思路：考查时态和语态。run out是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,排除C、D;由第二句中的before theres none left可知,run out是将要发生的动作,应用将来时。have run out是现在完成时,表示动作的完成;are running out是进行时,可以表将来,故选B。句意：供应洪灾地区的食物快用完了。我们必须在用完之前立刻采取行动。即学即练1. The flowers were so lovely that they_ in no time. A. sold B. had been soldC. were sold D. would sell答案：C 解题思路：考查动词的时态和语态。so.that.引导结果状语从句，与主句的时态一致，并且they和sell之间是被动关系，故答案选C。句意：这些花非常好看，很快就卖光了。2. What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but_.A. will never replace B. would never replaceC. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced答案：C 解题思路：考查时态和语态。根据句子结构，but后应为一般将来时；句中主语it指store shopping，but后应用被动语态，故选择C项。句意：你认为未来的商场购物会如何？依我看，商场购物会和家庭购物并存，但是永远不会被代替。3. Would you please keep silent? The weather report _ and I want to listen. A. is broadcast B. is being broadcastC. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast答案：B 解题思路：考查现在进行时的被动语态。由I want to listen可知天气预报正在被播出，故用现在进行时的被动语态。句意：你能保持安静吗？天气预报正在播报，我想听听。4. The vegetables didnt taste very good. They _ for too long.A. cooked B. were cooked C. had cooked D. had been cooked 答案：D 解题思路：本题考查时态和语态。根据cook和上句中taste动作的比较可知，cook是先发生的动作，故应该用过去完成时态；并且they和cook之间是被动关系，故用过去完成时态的被动语态。句意：这个菜不好吃。它们被烹煮的时间过长了。5. The attackers were arrested and didnt know where they _.A. would take B. are takenC. were being taken D. will be taken答案：C 解题思路：本题考查时态和语态。根据didnt know 可知，空格处也应该用过去的某种时态，所以B、D不正确；根据句意可知此处用被动语态，故选C。句意为：袭击者被捕了，他们不知道正被带往何处。