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专题十三补全阅读(七选五)挖命题【考情探究】卷名考点2018.112018.62017.112017.62016.10考查内容体裁议论文说明文说明文说明文说明文文章补全阅读主要考查考生对文章整体内容、结构以及意群上下文逻辑的理解和掌握题材社交方式要因人而异如何和新邻居相处如何记住你所读的内容如何做街头采访青少年如何丰富自己的生活词数363256330319314主旨句11111过渡句01121细节句43323分析解读1.文章补全阅读要求考生阅读一篇300 词左右的文章,文章中有五处句子空缺,然后从短文后所提供的七个选项中为每个空缺处选择一个最佳选项。其中有两项多余。2.文章补全阅读主要考查考生对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑的理解和掌握。主要有主旨句、细节句、过渡句三种形式,其中细节句居多。3.补全阅读的文章一般为说明文和议论文,且文章结构清晰完整,内容符合逻辑,适合考查概括标题、主旨句以及过渡句和通过上下文确定符合逻辑的细节句。【真题典例】Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 1Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产)neat, clean, and in good repair.2 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk, take along a small garbage bag. 3 This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.4 If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping. Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.5 By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.A.In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.C.Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.D.Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.E.Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.F.People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.G.Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.七选五阅读理解文章一般为说明文或议论文,其中说明文居多。文章结构比较清楚。一般考查三个方面:对文章结构的把握主旨句和过渡句;对段落内容的归纳主旨句;意群上下文的理解细节句。本文第一段提出问题,所填句子起到承上启下的作用,引出下文的详细说明,是过渡句。第二、三、四段分别介绍了三个做好邻居的注意事项。第五段回归主题,对文章给予总结。解题思路1.G本句为过渡句。文章第一段是引子,而第二段开始是具体的建议,因此此处选G,起到了承上启下的作用。2.F本句为细节句。设空处前句中的to keep your property neat, clean, and in good repair以及设空处后句中的keep the outside of the home in great shape都与F项中的keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting对应,故选择F项。3.E本句为细节句。设空处前句提到散步时带一个垃圾袋,与E项中的come across waste paper., pick it up相对应。4.B本句为主旨句。B选项中的help out in small ways与本段的主旨一致,整段内容都是在说你可以在邻居需要时及时提供一些帮助,故选择B项。5.C本句为主旨句。最后一段的功能为总结全文,也是对第一段中提到的主旨(如何成为一个好邻居)进行呼应,故选择C项。过专题【五年高考】A组2018年全国高考题组Passage 1(2018浙江11月)Some people are so rude. Who sends an e-mail or a text message that just says “Thank you”? Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you? Who asks for a fact easily found on the Internet?1Maybe Im the rude one for not appreciating lifes little courtesies(礼节). But many social norms(规范)just dont make sense to people drowning in digital communication. Take the thank-you note. Daniel Post Senning, a coauthor of Emily Posts Etiquette, asked, “At what point does showing appreciation outweigh the cost?”2Think of how long it takes to listen to one of those messages. In texts, you dont have to declare who you are or even say hello. E-mail, too, is slower than a text. The worst are those who leave a voice mail and then send an e-mail message to tell you they left a voice mail.This isnt the first time technology has changed our manners. 3Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor, suggested that people say, “Ahoy!” Finally, hello won out, and the victory sped up the greetings use in face-to-face communications.In the age of the smart phone, there is no reason to ask once-acceptable questions about:the weather forecast, a businesss phone number, or directions to a house, a restaurant, or an office, which can be easily found on a digital map.4And when you answer, they respond with a thank-you e-mail.How to handle these differing standards? Easy:Consider your audience. Some people, especially older ones, appreciate a thank-you message. 5In traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern societies, the old can also learn from the young. Heres hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that time-wasting forms of communication do.A.Then there is voice mail.B.Others, like me, want no reply.C.But people still ask these things.D.Dont these people realize that theyre wasting your time?E. Wont new technology bring about changes in our daily life?F. Face-to-face communication makes comprehension much easier.G. When the telephone was invented, people didnt know how to greet a caller.答案1.D2.A3.G4.C5.BPassage 2(2018课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundamental in home designsomething youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full of life?Professional?Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?1, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.2, they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.3. Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves.4. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.5.A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever youre looking forC.If youre experimenting with a colorD.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE.Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways答案1.B2.A3.D4.G5.FPassage 3(2018课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed!With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.1Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.2Your metabolism(新陈代谢)gets a head start.3If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.4Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.5If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food?You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!You will feel energized all day long.A.You will stick to your diet.B.Your quality of sleep improves.C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E.You can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.F.After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!答案1.G2.E3.F4.B5.APassage 4(2018课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.1 We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.“I adore dancing,”says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I cant imagine doing anything else with my life.”Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. “Teaching dance is wonderful. 2 Its great to watch them. For many of them, its a way of meeting people and having a social life.”3 “I can tell you about one young couple,” says Bridges. “Theyre learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. 4”So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier?Andrea Hillier says, “Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better. 5 I find it hard to stop!Dancing reminds me Im alive.”A.So why do we dance?B.Dance in the U.S. is everywhere.C.If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.D.My older students say it makes them feel young.E.I keep practicing even when Im extremely tired.F.Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.G.They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.答案1.B2.D3.A4.F5.EPassage 5(2018北京)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Why Do We Get Angry?Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering(触发)events, personality traits(特征), and our assessment of situations.1Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples:being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more.2The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to ones personal history and psychological traits.Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry.3Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.4Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative(消极的)outlooks on situations can create anger.5However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.A.Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.B.But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.C.Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.D.Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.E.Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.F.Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.G.Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.答案1.F2.G3.E4.A5.DB组20142017年全国高考题组Passage 1(2017浙江6月)How to Do Man-on-the-Street InterviewsThe man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot.1But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask,“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?”2Hit the streets with confidence.3Say,“Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.”This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Dont get discouraged.4Each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you wont be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.5If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, dont leave work without them.A.Limit your time.B.As you approach people, be polite.C.If you dont own a camera, you can buy one.D.For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.E.To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.F.That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.G.With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.答案1.D2.G3.B4.A5.FPassage 2(2017课标全国)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 1The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 2 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 3 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.4We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.5It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.A.This time there was no tent.B.Things are going to be improved.C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.F.After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.答案1.D2.C3.A4.F5.EPassage 3(2017课标全国)Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done.1, there are several ways to handle things. Lets take a look at them now.2. Tell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that youll find them then.3. It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions.When you need to talk to someone, dont do it in your own office.4, its much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.If you have a door to your office, make good use of it.5. If someone knocks and its not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint(暗示)that when the door is closed, youre not to be disturbed.A.If youre busy, dont feel bad about saying noB.When you want to avoid interruptions at workC.Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goesD.If youre in the other persons office or in a public areaE.Its important that you let them know when youll be availableF.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt youG.Leave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not答案1.B2.A3.E4.D5.GPassage 4(2017北京)Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 1One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 2We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强)connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元)in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 3Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 4 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new informationour brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 5“You keep what matters,” Tononi says.A.We should also try to sleep well the night before.B.Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C.Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.D.The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E.Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F.“Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.G.Tononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.答案1.C2.E3.F4.G5.BPassage 5(2016浙江10月)How to Have a Successful Teenage LifeEveryone wants to succeed in their life, dont they? Even as a teenager, you can achieve success in your life; it really isnt that hard.1Do well in school. No matter how boring it is now, education will help you be a productive member in society. Try your best for excellence in school; listen to the teachers, do your homework, study, and get good grades. Doing so will help you get into a better university, which will enable you to have a bright future.2Do good in your community(社区).Volunteering can not only improve your communitys status, it could make you happier. Studi
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