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2022年高三数学一轮复习 专项训练 数列求和(含解析)1、已知数列an的通项公式是an23n1(1)n(ln 2ln 3)(1)nnln 3,求其前n项和Sn.解Sn2(133n1)111(1)n(ln 2ln 3)123(1)nnln 3,所以当n为偶数时,Sn2ln 33nln 31;当n为奇数时,Sn2(ln 2ln 3)ln 33nln 3ln 21.综上所述,Sn2、在等比数列an中,已知a13,公比q1,等差数列bn满足b1a1,b4a2,b13a3.(1)求数列an与bn的通项公式;(2)记cn(1)nbnan,求数列cn的前n项和Sn.解(1)设等比数列an的公比为q,等差数列bn的公差为d.由已知,得a23q,a33q2,b13,b433d,b13312d,故q3或1(舍去)所以d2,所以an3n,bn2n1.(2)由题意,得cn(1)nbnan(1)n(2n1)3n,Snc1c2cn(35)(79)(1)n1(2n1)(1)n(2n1)3323n.当n为偶数时,Snnn;当n为奇数时,Sn(n1)(2n1)n.所以Sn3若数列an的通项公式为an2n2n1,则数列an的前n项和为()A2nn21 B2n1n21C2n1n22 D2nn2解析Sn2n12n2.答案C4数列an的前n项和为Sn,已知Sn1234(1)n1n,则S17()A9 B8 C17 D16解析S171234561516171(23)(45)(67)(1415)(1617)11119.答案A5已知等比数列an满足2a1a33a2,且a32是a2,a4的等差中项(1)求数列an的通项公式;(2)若bnanlog2,Snb1b2bn,求使Sn2n1470成立的n的最小值解(1)设等比数列an的公比为q,依题意,有即由得q23q20,解得q1或q2.当q1时,不合题意,舍去;当q2时,代入得a12,所以an22n12n.故所求数列an的通项公式an2n(nN*)(2)bnanlog22nlog22nn.所以Sn212222332nn(222232n)(123n)2n12nn2.因为Sn2n1470,所以2n12nn22n1470,解得n9或n10.因为nN*,故使Sn2n1470成立的正整数n的最小值为10.6已知在正项等比数列an中,a11,a2a416,则|a112|a212|a812|()A224 B225 C226 D256解析由a2a4a16,解得a34,又a11,q24,q2,an2n1,令2n112,解得n的最小值为5.|a112|a212|a812|12a112a212a312a4a512a612a712a812(a1a2a3a4)(a5a6a7a8)15240225.答案B1、正项数列an的前n项和Sn满足:S(n2n1)Sn(n2n)0.(1)求数列an的通项公式an;(2)令bn,数列bn的前n项和为Tn,证明:对于任意的nN*,都有Tn.解(1)由S(n2n1)Sn(n2n)0,得Sn(n2n)(Sn1)0.由于an是正项数列,所以Sn0,Snn2n.于是a1S12,当n2时,anSnSn1n2n(n1)2(n1)2n.综上,数列an的通项an2n.(2)证明由于an2n,bn,则bn.Tn.2、(xx滨州一模)已知数列an的前n项和是Sn,且Snan1(nN*)(1)求数列an的通项公式;(2)设bnlog(1Sn1)(nN*),令Tn,求Tn.解(1)当n1时,a1S1,由S1a11,得a1,当n2时,Sn1an,Sn11an1,则SnSn1(an1an),即an(an1an),所以anan1(n2)故数列an是以为首项,为公比的等比数列故ann12n(nN*)(2)因为1Snann.所以bnlog(1Sn1)logn1n1,因为,所以Tn.3、已知数列an的前n项和是Sn,且Snan1(nN*)(1)求数列an的通项公式;(2)设bnlog(1Sn1)(nN*),令Tn,求Tn.解(1)当n1时,a1S1,由S1a11,得a1,当n2时,Sn1an,Sn11an1,则SnSn1(an1an),即an(an1an),所以anan1(n2)故数列an是以为首项,为公比的等比数列故ann12n(nN*)(2)因为1Snann.所以bnlog(1Sn1)logn1n1,因为,所以Tn.4.已知函数f(x)x22bx过(1,2)点,若数列的前n项和为Sn,则S2 014的值为()A. B. C. D.解析由已知得b,f(n)n2n,S2 01411.答案D5正项数列an满足:a(2n1)an2n0.(1)求数列an的通项公式an;(2)令bn,求数列bn的前n项和Tn.解(1)由a(2n1)an2n0得(an2n)(an1)0,由于an是正项数列,则an2n.(2)由(1)知an2n,故bn,Tn.6已知函数f(x)x22x4,数列an是公差为d的等差数列,若a1f(d1),a3f(d1),(1)求数列an的通项公式;(2)Sn为an的前n项和,求证:.(1)解a1f(d1)d24d7,a3f(d1)d23,又由a3a12d,可得d2,所以a13,an2n1.(2)证明Snn(n2),所以,.7设各项均为正数的数列an的前n项和为Sn,满足4Sna4n1,nN*, 且a2,a5,a14构成等比数列(1)证明:a2;(2)求数列an的通项公式;(3)证明:对一切正整数n,有0,a2.(2)解当n2时,4Sn1a4(n1)1,4an4Sn4Sn1aa4,即aa4an4(an2)2,又an0,an1an2,当n2时,an是公差为2的等差数列又a2,a5,a14成等比数列aa2a14,即(a26)2a2(a224),解得a23.由(1)知a11.又a2a1312,数列an是首项a11,公差d2的等差数列an2n1.(3)证明.考点三错位相减法求和1、(xx山东卷)设等差数列an的前n项和为Sn,且S44S2,a2n2an1.(1)求数列an的通项公式;(2)设数列bn的前n项和为Tn,且Tn(为常数),令cnb2n(nN*),求数列cn的前n项和Rn.解(1)设等差数列an的首项为a1,公差为d.由S44S2,a2n2an1,得解得a11,d2.因此an2n1,nN*.(2)由题意知Tn,所以n2时,bnTnTn1.故cnb2n(n1)()n1,nN*,所以Rn0()01()12()23()3(n1)()n1,则Rn0()11()22()3(n2)()n1(n1)()n,两式相减得Rn()1()2()3()n1(n1)()n(n1)()n()n,整理得Rn(4)所以数列cn的前n项和Rn(4)2、在数列an中,a12,an13an2.(1)记bnan1,求证:数列bn为等比数列;(2)求数列nan的前n项和Sn.(1)证明由an13an2,可得an113(an1)因为bnan1,所以bn13bn,又b1a113,所以数列bn是以3为首项,以3为公比的等比数列(2)解由(1)知an13n,an3n1,所以nann3nn,所以Sn(3232n3n)(12n),其中12n,记Tn3232n3n,3Tn32233(n1)3nn3n1,两式相减得2Tn3323nn3n1n3n1,即Tn3n1,所以Sn.3已知数列an的前n项和为Sn,且Sn2an2.(1)求数列an的通项公式;(2)记Sna13a2(2n1)an,求Sn.解(1)Sn2an2,当n2时,anSnSn12an2(2an12),即an2an2an1,an0,2(n2,nN*)a1S1,a12a12,即a12.数列an是以2为首项,2为公比的等比数列an2n.(2)Sna13a2(2n1)an12322523(2n1)2n,2Sn122323(2n3)2n(2n1)2n1,得Sn12(22222322n)(2n1)2n1,即Sn12(23242n1)(2n1)2n1Sn(2n3)2n16.4设an是公比大于1的等比数列,Sn为数列an的前n项和已知S37,且a13,3a2,a34构成等差数列(1)求数列an的通项公式(2)令bnnan,n1,2,求数列bn的前n项和Tn.解(1)由已知,得解得a22.设数列an的公比为q,由a22,可得a1,a32q.又S37,可知22q7,即2q25q20,解得q2或.由题意得q1,所以q2.则a11.故数列an的通项为an2n1.(2)由于bnn2n1,n1,2,则Tn122322n2n1,所以2Tn2222(n1)2n1n2n,两式相减得Tn1222232n1n2n2nn2n1,即Tn(n1)2n1.5已知数列an的首项a14,前n项和为Sn,且Sn13Sn2n40(nN*)(1)求数列an的通项公式;(2)设函数f(x)anxan1x2an2x3a1xn,f(x)是函数f(x)的导函数,令bnf(1),求数列bn的通项公式,并研究其单调性解(1)由Sn13Sn2n40(nN*),得Sn3Sn12n240(n2),两式相减得an13an20,可得an113(an1)(n2),又由已知得a214,所以a213(a11),即an1是一个首项为5,公比q3的等比数列,所以an53n11(nN*)(2)因为f(x)an2an1xna1xn1,所以f(1)an2an1na1(53n11)2(53n21)n(5301)5(3n123n233n3n30),令S3n123n233n3n30,则3S3n23n133n2n31,作差得S,所以f(1),即bn.而bn1,所以bn1bnn0,所以bn是单调递增数列.求数列|an|的前n项和问题1、在公差为d的等差数列an中,已知a110,且a1,2a22,5a3成等比数列(1)求d,an;(2)若d0,求|a1|a2|an|.规范解答 (1)由题意得5a3a1(2a22)2, (2分)即d23d40.故d1或4. (4分)所以ann11,nN*或an4n6,nN* , (6分)(2)设数列an的前n项和为Sn.因为d0,由(1)得d1,ann11.Snn2n,(8分)当n11时,|a1|a2|a3|an|Snn2n.(10分)当n12时,|a1|a2|a3|an|Sn2S11n2n110.(12分)综上所述,|a1|a2|a3|an|2、已知等差数列an前三项的和为3,前三项的积为8.(1)求等差数列an的通项公式;(2)若a2,a3,a1成等比数列,求数列|an|的前n项和解(1)设等差数列an的公差为d,则a2a1d,a3a12d,由题意,得解得或所以由等差数列的通项公式,可得an23(n1)3n5或an43(n1)3n7.故an3n5或an3n7.(2)由(1),知当an3n5时,a2,a3,a1分别为1,4,2,不成等比数列;当an3n7时,a2,a3,a1分别为1,2,4,成等比数列,满足条件故|an|3n7|记数列|an|的前n项和为Sn.当n1时,S1|a1|4;当n2时,S2|a1|a2|5;当n3时,SnS2|a3|a4|an|5(337)(347)(3n7)5n2n10.当n2时,满足此式综上,Sn考点:公式法1在等比数列an中,若a1,a44,则公比q_;|a1|a2|an|_.解析设等比数列an的公比为q,则a4a1q3,代入数据解得q38,所以q2;等比数列|an|的公比为|q|2,则|an|2n1,所以|a1|a2|a3|an|(12222n1)(2n1)2n1.答案22n12在数列an中,a11,an1(1)n(an1),记Sn为an的前n项和,则S2 013_.解析由a11,an1(1)n(an1)可得a11,a22,a31,a40,该数列是周期为4的数列,所以S2 013503(a1a2a3a4)a2 013503(2)1 1 005.答案1 0053等比数列an的前n项和Sn2n1,则aaa_.解析当n1时,a1S11,当n2时,anSnSn12n1(2n11)2n1,又a11适合上式an2n1,a4n1.数列a是以a1为首项,以4为公比的等比数列aaa(4n1)答案(4n1)4已知函数f(n)n2cosn,且anf(n)f(n1),则a1a2a3a100()A100 B0 C100 D10 200解析若n为偶数,则anf(n)f(n1)n2(n1)2(2n1),为首项为a25,公差为4的等差数列;若n为奇数,则anf(n)f(n1)n2(n1)22n1,为首项为a13,公差为4的等差数列所以a1a2a3a100(a1a3a99)(a2a4a100)503450(5)(4)100.答案A倒序相加法1设f(x),利用倒序相加法,可求得fff的值为_解析当x1x21时,f(x1)f(x2)1.设Sfff,倒序相加有2Sff10,即S5.答案5构造法1设数列an的前n项和为Sn,满足2Snan12n11,nN*,且a1,a25,a3成等差数列(1)求a1的值;(2)求数列an的通项公式解(1)在2Snan12n11中令n1得,2S1a2221,令n2得,2S2a3231,解得,a22a13,a36a113.又2(a25)a1a3,即2(2a18)a16a113,解得a11.(2)由2Snan12n11,2Sn1an22n21,得an23an12n1.又a11,a25也满足a23a121,an13an2n对nN*成立,an12n13(an2n),数列an2n以3为首项,公比为3的等比数列an2n(a121)3n13n,an3n2n.考点:1已知在等比数列an中,a11,且a2是a1和a31的等差中项(1)求数列an的通项公式;(2)若数列bn满足b12b23b3nbnan(nN*),求bn的通项公式bn.解(1)由题意,得2a2a1a31,即2a1qa1a1q21,整理得2qq2.又q0,解得q2,an2n1.(2)当n1时,b1a11;当n2时,nbnanan12n2,即bn,bn
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