2022年考博英语-湖南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷97（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-湖南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题It is noticed that there had a perceptible change in his behavior lately.问题1选项A.pessimisticB.perceivableC.persistentD.perpetual【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。句意: 值得注意的是，最近他的行为出现明显变化。pessimistic:悲观的。perceivable:可感知的。 persistent:执着的，坚持的。perpetual:永久的，不断的。perceptible:可察觉的，可感知的,看得出的。故B符合句意。2. 判断题判断题测试0.0问题1选项A.对B.错【答案】A【解析】试题解析T.T3. 单选题Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jefferson contented that the country should remain chiefly agricultural.问题1选项A.inclinedB.struggledC.arguedD.competed【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。汉密尔顿希望建立一个工业化国家，而杰佛逊则认为农业是国之根本。incline 倾斜，点头，易于。struggle 奋斗，努力。argue 主张，认为。compete 竞争，比赛。content赞成。故选C。4. 单选题The authorities are discouraging new（ ） who want to enter the country as there arent enough jobs for them.问题1选项A.passengersB.migrantsC.immigrantsD.emigrants【答案】C【解析】名词辨析。句意: 当局正在阻止新的想进入这个国家的移民，因为这的工作岗位不够。passenger旅客；乘客；过路人 migrant移居者immigrant移民（移进来）emigrant移民；侨民（移出的）。5. 翻译题France has a strong regional identity. When a Frenchman talks of ”mon pays（my country）, he is more likely to be referring to the area in which he grew up than to the nation as a whole. So Normandy（诺曼底）remains resolutely Norman. Brittany（布列塔尼）defiantly Breton, and the villages of the south decidedly contrary.And because of this local sense of being, the baker from another region beyond the hills will be regarded as much of a foreigner as the welcome visitor from overseas, clutching a guidebook. And regional pride guarantees that shopkeepers, restaurateurs and even the old man playing petanque（滚球游戏）on a dusty village square will upgrade the welcome to any stranger if only to prove that their region is the only true France.Youll soon discover that, as much as the landscape, it is the local food that defines each region of France. Chance encounters are sometimes the best 一 coming across a strawberry fair in the north, or an olive market in the south; happening upon monks tending their vines in a walled clos（庄园）filling cupped palms and any spare bottles with mineral water in a spa-resort（温泉胜地）；or watching the morning catch spill onto a harbor quayside（码头区）.【答案】法国每个区域都有其强烈的特色。当一个法国人谈起“我的国家”，他很有可能指 的是他所成长的区域，而非整个法国。因此诺曼底人一定会说起诺曼底区，布列塔尼人 会直率的指出他是来自布列塔尼区，以及所有南方地区的村庄都是如此。正因为区域意识的存在，从山的另一边的区域而来的面包师会被当地人当作手持旅 行指南的外国人，或是受欢迎的海外观光客。区域的自豪感使得店主和饭店老板，甚至 是正在满是灰尘的广场上玩滚球游戏的老人，都会增加对任何一个陌生人的欢迎程度， 只要能证明他们所在的区域才是真正的法国。你很快就会发现，和地图一样，每个地区的食物将每个地区区分开来。有时偶然碰 上的反而是最好的！比如你在北部偶遇的草莓集市，或是在南部发现的橄榄集市；又比 如碰巧在围墙内的庄园中遇见僧人正在照料葡萄藤，葡萄遍布在凹陷的棕榈植物中间，或是品尝了在温泉胜地中用多余的瓶子盛的矿泉水；又比如你恰巧看到清晨在码头区打捞后的漏网之鱼。6. 单选题The prodigal son（ ） his large inheritance in a few years of heavy spending.问题1选项A.inheritedB.receivedC.accumulatedD.dissipated【答案】D【解析】动词辨析。句意: 挥霍的儿子将他继承的一大笔钱在几年之内就挥霍完了。inherited继承;经遗传而得。received接受；迎接。accumulated累积。dissipated消散；浪费。7. 单选题People like being trusted. They are annoyed, angry, or feel hurt if they are regarded with （1） .They think that they are（2）an injustice. They like being trusted for two reasons:(l)It is a tribute to their honesty, truth, strength, （3），kindness and good character;(2)They find it easier to cheat others. These two （4）Suggest what our attitude towards trust in （5） should be. It is not a simple attitude. We must keep a balance between two （6） over suspiciousness and infantile naivety.A parallel to our trust in people could be our trust in natural （7）.However careful we are, we cannot guarantee （8） safety for ourselves in the physical world, yet we act as（9 ）we can trust an ordered series of physical events. We take the bus to work in the morning （10）that we will arrive safely at our office or school. We have no （11） that we will. The bus could be （12） in an accident.If we were to （13） every accident that might happen to us we would never do anything.We would just remain sitting at home. Even then we could never be absolutely （14） that the ceiling would not collapse on us. （15）we are to do anything at all, we must take risks. Of course we try to reduce risks to a （16）。Similarly with regard to people, trusting them involves taking the risks of being （17 ） .Not trusting them places us outside the area of community activity,（18） trust is an essential bond in community living. In a competitive, materialistic world it would be（19） to trust everyone in everything. However, we should widen the area of trust as far as possible. We cannot eliminate all risks in such trust （20）we should lessen them as far as possible by reliance on intelligence and experience worth our own and those of adults whose reliability has been proven.问题1选项A.superstitionB.supervisionC.suspicionD.suspension问题2选项A.sufferingB.challengingC.releasingD.offending问题3选项A.occupationB.performanceC.recommendationD.intelligence问题4选项A.reasonsB.examplesC.factsD.truths问题5选项A.anotherB.othersC.otherD.anyone问题6选项A.endsB.extremesC.spotsD.sides问题7选项A.mattersB.occasionsC.eventsD.situations问题8选项A.mechanicalB.materialC.relevantD.absolute问题9选项A.ifB.thatC.asD.long问题10选项A.givenB.providedC.suchD.so问题11选项A.measurementB.calculationC.guaranteeD.optimism问题12选项A.evolvedB.enclosedC.engagedD.involved问题13选项A.make use ofB.take advantage ofC.take account ofD.make certain of问题14选项A.certainB.doubtfulC.suspicionsD.indifferent问题15选项A.UnlessB.IfC.LestD.Before问题16选项A.dilemmaB.minimumC.maximumD.reduction问题17选项A.flatteredB.assuredC.deceivedD.convinced问题18选项A.howeverB.soC.thereforeD.because问题19选项A.evidentB.unwiseC.creativeD.romantic问题20选项A.butB.orC.andD.also【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B第6题:B第7题:C第8题:D第9题:A第10题:D第11题:C第12题:D第13题:C第14题:A第15题:B第16题:B第17题:C第18题:D第19题:B第20题:A【解析】（1）形近词辨析。前一句句意: 人们乐于得到别人的信任，因此推断此句意为: 而当不被信任时.人们会感到气恼、生气或受到伤害”，故该空应填trust的反义词。结合选项考虑，应填suspicion。to be regarded with suspicion表示“受到猜疑，不被人信任”。（2）动词辨析。此处应填一个谓语动词的现在分词形式。句意为: 他们觉得自己 了不公正待遇。Suffer 遭受; challenge 挑战; release释放； offend 冒犯。故选A。（3）名词辨析。该句提到，“赋予信任是对人们的诚实、求真、能力、 、善良和好性格的尊敬”，据此推测这个空也应相应选择 intelligence。occupation 职业；performance 表现；recommendation 推荐; intelligence智力。（4）语义连接。根据上文中的“They like being trusted for two reasons”推测此处选A项。（5）代词辨析。句意: 这两个原因说明了我们对他人的信任所应持有的态度。another另一个人；other不加复数时必须跟名词，或者与 any, another连用。anyone 般用在否定句与疑问句中。因此选B项others。（6）名词辨析。句意: 我们必须在过度猜疑和天真幼稚这两个 极端 之间保持平衡。（7）名词辨析。我们对人们的信任可以和我们对自然 的信任类比。下文提示: We can trust an ordered series of physical events。因此推测此处选C项events。（8）形容词辨析。句意: 不管我们多么小心，我们也无法保证我们在世界中的 安全。mechanical机械的；material物质的；relevant 相关的; absolute绝对的。（9）固定搭配。as if表示“似乎”，“我们表现得似乎.”。（10）连词辨析。句意: 我们早上坐公车, 安全达到办公室或学校，这里应该填一个连词。given作连词指“考虑到”；provided表示“如果”，是一种假设，such不能这样用，因此D项正确, 表示 “因此, 以便”。（11）名词辨析。参照第18空的那句话: 我们无法保证，因此此处为“保证”的名词形式。measurement为尺寸，度量calculation 计算；guarantee 保证;optimism乐观。（12）固定搭配。to be involved in sth.指“牵扯到，卷入到”，一般指不好的事件。（13）短语辨析。如果我们 每一场可能的发生在我们身上的事故，那我们什么都不能做了。”显然应当是“考虑、担心”，take account of固定短语，指“考虑，将.并入到考虑范围内”。其他选项male use of, take advantage of 都是“利用”的意思，take account of考虑，将.并入到考虑范围内; make certain of 确定。因此C项符合句意。（14）形容词辨析。我们不能老是对危险惴惴不安，否则我们得一直待在家里。即使待在家里，也不能 屋顶不会塌下来。Certain 确定, 肯定。（15）逻辑分析。句意: 我们想做点什么事，任何事，都必须承担风险。因此B项if(如果)符合句意。（16）名词辨析。句意: 我们得承担风险，但是可以将风险降到最低。（17）动词辨析。句意: 与人打交道类似，相信别人可能有被 的风险。flattered被奉承，assure是确定，一般不用在被动语态，过去分词assured作形容词，指“确定的，确信的”；deceived 被欺骗; convinced确信。故C项符合句意。（18）逻辑分析。句意: 不相信别人会让我们被排除在大家的活动之外， 信任是大家一起生活至关重要的纽带。前后为因果关系, 故选D。（19）形容词辨析。信任所有人所有事是明显 。evident明显的，unwise 理智的, creative创新的，romantic浪漫的。故B项符合句意。（20）逻辑分析。句意: 我们不能消除所有风险, 我们可以尽可能减少。前后为转折关系, 故选A。8. 单选题Fuel scarcities and price increases （ ）automobile designers to scale down the largest models and to develop completely new lines of small cars and trucks.问题1选项A.persuadedB.promptedC.imposedD.enlightened【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。句意: 燃油短缺和价格上涨 汽车设计者缩小大型汽车的研发，转而开发全新的小型汽车和卡车生产线。persuade:说服，劝说。prompt:促进,促使。impose:强加, 征税,利用。enlighten:启发，启蒙，教导。因此B项符合句意。9. 单选题Japan remains tied to the Western camp partly because the relationship has become（ ）to her economy and politics over forty years association.问题1选项A.integralB.unilateralC.rationalD.hierarchical【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。句意: 日本依然和西方保持着关系，因为这层关系是他40年社交出来经济和政治的不可分割的一部分。integral构成整体所必需的，完整的。unilateral单边的；植单侧的；单方面的。rational合理的；理性的。 hierarchical分层的；等级体系的。10. 单选题The ideal companion machine-the computer-would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities that make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intimate style. The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it imitated the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After experiencing a wealth of powerful, well-timed friendship indicators, the user would be very likely to accept the computer as far more than a machine and might well come to regard it as a friend.An artificial relationship of this type would provide many of the benefits that could continue from previous discussions. It would have a familiarity with the users life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored. The computers own personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop in response to that of the user. With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.1.Which of the following is not a feature of the ideal companion machine?2.The computer would develop friendships with humans in a (n) - way（ ）.3.Which of the following aspects is not mentioned when the passage discusses the benefits of artificial relationships?4.Throughout the passage, the author is in his attitude toward the computer（ ）.5.Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage?问题1选项A.Active in communicationB.Attractive in personality.C.enjoyable in performanceD.unpredictable in behavior问题2选项A.QuickB.unpredictableC.productiveD.inconspicuous.问题3选项A.Being able to pick up an interesting conversation.B.Being sensitive to earlier contact.C.Being ready to learn about the persons lifeD.Having a pleasant and adaptable personality.问题4选项A.favorableB.criticalC.vagueD.hesitant问题5选项A.Artificial relationships.B.How to form intimate relationshipsC.The affectionate machineD.Humans and computers【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节题。第一段指出: machine would remain slightly unpredictable (机器有一点不可预测), 因此D项与原文不符。2.细节题。第二段: The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation (整个过程将以一种微妙的方式完成，以避免给人一种过于熟悉的印象，这可能会引起不安)。表明这种电脑与人类建立关系的过程是in a subtle way, 故选D项(不显眼的，不引人注意的)。3.细节题。第一段: it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own (它有时会主动发展或改变话题，并拥有自己的个性), 可以看出A跟D项有提到, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intimate style (但当它逐渐了解用户时，它会发展成一种更轻松、更贴心的风格), 可以看出C项有提到。而B选 项(对早起的接触很敏感)与In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant不符, 故选B。4.态度方向。形容这种电脑作者用到的词汇有: comfortable、interesting等,不难看出作者对这种电脑的态度是favorable赞赏的。5.主旨大意题。作者介绍了这种“仿真交际”电脑与人类如何建立关系，并围绕这种电脑的各项特点来介绍它是具有人情味、人性化的, 因此C项作标题最合适。11. 单选题In ancient India, there used to be a very formidable（ ） in religious and social life.问题1选项A.hierarchyB.powerC.despotD.president【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。句意: 在古印度，在社会和宗教生活中有很可怕的等级制度。hierarchy等级制度。power功率;力量；能力。despot专制君主，暴君。president总统；董事长；校长。12. 单选题As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to（ ） the weekly staff meeting.问题1选项A.presideB.introduceC.chairD.dominate【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。句意:因为经理在外出差，我被要求 一周一次的员工会议。preside 主持，担任会议主席, 后面一般接介词over; introduce 介绍；chair 担任会议的主持; dominate 控制；支配, 故选C。13. 单选题The key to this new material development is researchers increasing ability to （ ）substances at the molecular level.问题1选项A.formulateB.manipulateC.regulateD.stimulate【答案】A【解析】动词辨析。句意: 这种新材料开发的关键在于研究人员需要提升如何在分子水平上合成物质的能力。formulate:规划，制定，用公式表示。manipulate:控制，操纵,影响。regulate: 约束，管理，控制。stimulate：使兴奋，促进，激励。因此A项符合句意,在句子中语义为 “合成”。14. 填空题Pesticides, the most cost-effective （1）of pest and weed control, allow the maintenance of current yields and so contribute（2） economic viability .Concern about the environmental impact of repeated pesticide use has prompted research into the environmental fate of these agents, which （3）emigrate from treated fields to air, other land and water bodies. How （4）the pesticide remains in the soil depends on how strongly it is bound by soil components and how readily it is degraded .It （5）depends on the environmental conditions at the time of application, e.g.oil water content. Pesticide use must ensure public safety and environmental protection with（6）to both the chemical itself and their potentially harmful metabolites. This paper reviews what is known of the （7）of the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil system, such as moisture content, organic matter and clay contents, and pH, on the sorption/desorption and degradation of pesticides and their access to groundwater and surface waters. An understanding of the fate of pesticides is essential for rational decision-taking regarding their authorization. To reach an adequate understanding will require the concourse（8）soil science, clay mineralogy, physical chemistry, surface chemistry, environmental microbiology, plant physiology and, no doubt, other disciplines.（9）through a multidisciplinary approach to environmental research will it be possible to plan, manage, pursue and integrate the results of the studies that will be necessary for the development of tools and techniques allowing effective environmental decision-making. There seems to be a great potential to develop microbially derived pesticides, which are effective, reliable and have a（10）environmental risk. In addition, new application techniques, for example precision band spraying, can reduce the dose, which can be a very effective way to minimize transport and emission but also to avoid a build-up of resistance in target organisms. Improved formulations will also be needed to reduce off-target deposition, improve retention on target, and enhance uptake and translocation.【答案】（1）Means。（2）to。（3）can。（4）long。（5）also。（6）regards。（7）influence。（8）of。（9）Only。（10）low。【解析】1.语义连接。句意：农药是除害虫和杂草的最有效的（ ）。means：方式，手段。2.固定搭配。contribute to：有助于。3.语义连接。句意：农药重复使用对环境造成污染，此现象已经引起了研究机构的注意，污染治理的范围将不仅仅局限于土壤本身，可能转向其他领域。4. 语义连接。how long：多久，表示时间长度。句意：农药在土壤中残留多久，取决于它的强度。5. 语义连接。前句提到农药在土壤中残留程度取决于多方面因素，接着讲述也取决于6.固定搭配。With regards to：关于，考虑到。7.语义连接。句意：本文综述了土壤系统的物理和化学特性（如含水量、有机质和粘土含量、pH值）对农药的吸附/解吸和降解及其进入地下水和地表水的影响。influence：影响。8. 语义题。concourse：综合。空格处填介词of，此处表示各学科的综合。9. 固定搭配。句子是部分倒装句，状语提前放到句首，谓语动词放在主语前面。表示：只有通过才。10. 逻辑分析。微生物源农药更effective， reliable（有效，可靠），应该对应a low environmental risk（低风险）。15. 单选题A scientific panel convened by the World Health Organization recommended guidelines on Friday for doctors conducting clinical studies of SARS patients. The panel urged doctors to apply the guidelines in analyzing the masses of potentially useful information about various therapies that were collected in this years epidemic. Much of that information has not been published or analyzed.“It is a matter of urgency to get better analysis and review，” said Dr. Simon Mardel, a WHO official who led the two-day meeting that ended on Friday. He said thousands of potential therapies and compounds had been tested so far as researchers try to determine treatments for SARS, or severe acute respiratory syndrome. “We recognize that having no treatment for SARS is hindering our ability to control an epidemic in so many ways.” He said.In the epidemic earlier this year, various treatments, like drugs to fight the virus or strengthen the immune system, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, were delivered under emergency conditions, in widely different settings and countries to patients suffering from varying stages of the illness. Those conditions- generally without standardized measurements or controlled situations-have made it hard to interpret results.Standard supportive therapy like nursing, and in severe cases the use of mechanical respirators to help patients breathe, is the mainstay of SARS care, and helped many patients survive. But doctors still do not know how best to treat SARS patients who have breathing difficulties. Dr. Mardel said. One method is invasive ventilation. A second method involves blowing oxygen into the lungs through a mask. Both carry the risk of transmitting the virus to hospital employees. Without proper analysis, the panel was unable to say definitively which treatment worked best, or which caused the most harm. “There is a lack of shared information，” Dr. Mardel said, noting that a lot of data have not been published.The panel also agreed on guidelines that would allow doctors to conduct quick and safe clinical trials, a process that generally takes years to complete. The world Health Organization, a United Nations agency did not release the guidelines. Dr. Mardel said they were flexible because no one knew where, when and in what setting SARS would return. Experts in many countries have already listed the treatments they want to test, and the health agency is leaving these decisions to individual nations.1.Guidelines recommended by the scientific panel can be sued for（ ） .2.According to the passage, it is difficult to interpret the results of certain treatments for SARS because（ ） .3.According to doctors, the two methods to treat SARS patients who have breathing difficulties both （ ）.4.According to Dr. Mardel, the guidelines were flexible because（ ） .5.Which of the following can be best title of the passage?问题1选项A.Gathering potentially useful information about various therapies collectedB.Conducting clinical studies of SARS patientsC.Determining treatment for SARSD.Publishing all the information about SARS问题2选项A.Patients were in different countriesB.Patients were given medicines in widely different settingsC.Patients were at different stages of the illnessD.These conditions had no standardized measurements or controlled situations问题3选项A.Carry the risk of infecting hospital employeesB.are effective in curing patients who have breathing difficultiesC.dont run the risk of transmitting the virus to hospital employeesD.prove to work effectively and cause no harm问题4选项A.SARS would re