考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考前自测提分卷70(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.翻译题仅仅传授专业知识是不够的。通过专业教育可以使人成为一种有用的机器，却不能成为一个全面发展的人。让学生对价值理念有所理解并产生热情，是不可或缺的。否则，他连同他的专业知识就更像一条受过良好训练的狗，而非一个和谐发展的人。他必须通过学习了解人们的动机、幻想和苦难，以便正确处理同他人和社会的关系。【答案】【参考译文】Only to impart professional knowledge is not enough. Professional education can make human being become a kind of useful machine, but cant make him a person of comprehensive development. It is absolutely necessary for letting students have some understanding of the concept of value and generate enthusiasm. Otherwise, he, together with his specialized knowledge, will more resemble a well-trained dog rather than a person of harmonious development. He must learn to understand peoples motivation, fantasy and misery so as to correctly handling the relationship with other people and the society.2.单选题We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheal it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.Other researchers agree, Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli dont develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is One of the most harmful factors in depression.One of the most starting examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned（便形成条件反射）mice to avoid saccharin（糖精）by simultaneously feeding them the sweeter and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader exposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.1.Laudenslagers experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who turn off the electricity（ ）.2. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to（ ）.3.The reason why the mice in Acers experiment avoided saccharin was that（ ）.4.The passage tells us that the most probably reason for the death of the mice in Aders experiment was that（ ）.5.It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals（ ）.问题1选项A.was strengthenedB.was not affectedC.was alteredD.was weakened问题2选项A.try to control unpleasant stimuliB.turn off the electricityC.behave passively in controllable situationsD.become abnormally suspicious问题3选项A.they disliked its tasteB.it led stomach painsC.it affected their immune systemsD.they associated it with stomachaches问题4选项A.they had been weakened psychologically by saccharinB.the sweetened was poison to themC.their immune systems had been altered by the mindD.they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning问题5选项A.can be weakened by conditioningB.can be suppressed by drug injectionsC.can be affected by frequent doses of saccharinD.can be altered by electric shocks【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity.（Laudenslager发现，无助的老鼠的免疫反应低于正常水平，而那些能关掉电源的老鼠去没有受到影响）可知选B。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control.（但是，如果这些动物遇到了它们无法控制的情况，那么当它们面对他们能够控制的经验时，它们会表现出被动的行为）可知选C。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener.（把糖精和胃痛联系起来，老鼠很快就学会了避免吃甜味剂）可知选D。4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的第一句One of the most starting examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance.（人们偶然发现了大脑如何改变免疫反应的最开始的例子之一）和最后一句He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.（他只能推测，他已经成功地对老鼠进行了调节，现在单用糖精就足以削弱它们的免疫系统，足以杀死它们）可推测Aders的实验中老鼠死亡的最可能原因是大脑改变了它们的免疫系统，因此选C5.主旨大意题。文章第一段中提出了本文的主题stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals（压力似乎会影响低等动物的免疫防御能力），然后举例证明其观点。第一段中Laudenslager的实验证明：对事物缺乏控制力造成了免疫系统的弱化，而不是由实验本身造成的；第二段中Jay Weiss认为：被允许控制不愉快刺激的动物不会产生睡眠障碍或典型的应激大鼠的大脑化学变化；最后一段中Aders的实验表明：他已经成功地对老鼠进行了调节，现在单用糖精就足以削弱它们的免疫系统。这些实验是在一些特定条件下进行的，因此可推断动物的免疫系统能被条件反射所削弱，因此选A。3.单选题The novel contains some marvelous revealing（ ）of rural life in the 19th century.问题1选项A.glancesB.glimpsesC.glaresD.gleamed【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项glance“瞥闪，扫视，匆匆一看”；B选项glimpse“瞥见”；C选项glare“怒目而视，瞪眼看；发出刺眼的光”；D选项gleamed“闪烁；隐约地闪现”。句意：这本小说包括对19世纪乡村生活的一瞥，绝妙而富于启发。glimpse“瞥见”，是glance的结果。“take a glance at .”（看一看）的结果便是“get a glimpse of .”（瞥见了），此句中，小说提到的是19世纪的乡村生活，是结果不是看一看的动作。因此B选项正确。4.翻译题Vacations are more necessary now than before because today the average life is less well-rounded and has become increasingly compartmentalized. I suppose the idea of vacations, as we conceive it, must be incomprehensible to primitive peoples. Rest of some kind has of course always been a part of the rhythm of human life, but earlier ages did not find it necessary to organize it in the way that modern man has done, holidays and feast days were sufficient.With modern mans increasing tensions, with the stultifying (极其单调乏味的) quality of so much of his work, this break in the years routine became steadily more necessary. Vacations became mandatory for the purpose of renewal and repair. And so it came about that in the United States, the most self-indulgent of nations, the most tense and compartmentalized, vacations have come to take a predominant place in domestic conversation.【答案】【参考译文】休假比以前任何时候都更有必要，因为如今一般人的生活不再像以前那样丰富多彩，相反却变得越来越单调乏味。我想原始人肯定不理解我们现在的休假概念。当然，某种方式的休息，历来是人生节奏的一部分，但人类社会早期认为没有必要像现代人那样安排休假。那时的节日足已满足人们的需要。由于现代人生活越来越紧张，工作要求高，工作量大，因此在一年的日常工作中，休假变得越来越必要。休假已成为调节修整身心的必要手段。因此，在最任性放纵而生活节奏最紧张单调的美国，休假就成了家庭闲谈的主要话题。5.单选题He is considered to be an outstanding artist but I consider his work to be quite （ ）.问题1选项A.mediocreB.mediumC.moderateD.intermediate【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。mediocre意为“普通的”；medium意为“中等的，中级的”；moderate意为“有节制的”；intermediate意为“中间的，中级的”。由句中的but可知前后为转折关系，再根据outstanding（杰出的）可知选A。句意：他被认为是一位杰出的艺术家，但我认为他的作品十分普通。6.单选题The Space Age（ ）in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched, by the Soviet Union.问题1选项A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。initiate意为“开始，发起，创始”，指首创某事，但并不意味着将某事进行到底；originate意为“起源于，来自，产生”；embark意为“上船，着手，从事”一般开始指新的、困难的会令人激动的事；commence意为“开始发生，开始，着手”，尤指重大的事件及历史时期的开始。句意：1957年10月苏联第一颗人造卫星的发射开启了太空时代。7.单选题He had always had a good opinion of himself, but after the publication of his best-selling novel he became unbearably （ ）.问题1选项A.bigotedB.proudC.conceitedD.exaggerated【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。bigoted意为“偏执的，顽固的，心胸狭窄的”；proud意为“得意的，自豪的”；conceited意为“自负的，骄傲自大的”；exaggerated意为“夸大的，言过其实的”。由句中的but可知前后为转折关系，C选项最符合语境。句意：他一直对自己评价很高，但在他的畅销小说出版后，他变得及其自负。8.单选题Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the Earths surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion. In fact, the events that produced the canyon, far from being sudden and cataclysmic, simply add up to the slow and orderly process of erosion.Many millions of years ago, the Colorado Plateau in the Grand Canyon area contained 1,000 more feet of rock than it does today and was relatively level. The additional material consisted of some 14 layered fonnations of rock. In the Grand Canyon region these layers were largely worn away over the course of millions of years.Approximately 65 million years ago the plateaus flat surface in the Grand Canyon area bulged upward from internal pressure; geologists refer to this bulging action as upwarping; it was followed by a general elevation of the whole Colorado Plateau, a process that is still going on. As the plateau gradually rose, shallow rivers that meandered across it began to run more swiftly and cut more definite courses. One of these rivers, located east of the upwarp, was the ancestor of the Colorado. Another river system called the Hualapai, flowing west of the upwarp, extended itself eastward by cutting back into the upwarp; it eventually connected with the ancient Colorado and captured its waters. The new river then began to carve out the 277-miIe-long trench that eventually became the Grand Canyon. Geologists estimate that this initial cutting action began no earlier than 10 million years ago.Since then, the canyon forming has been cumulative. To the corrosive force of the river itself have been added other factors. Heat and cold, rain and snow, along with the varying resistance of the rocks, increase the opportunities for erosion. The canyon walls crumble; the river acquires a cutting tool, tons of debris; rainfall running off the high plateau creates feeder streams that carve side canyons. Pushing slowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.In the first sentence the author refers to the Grand Canyon as a “wound” to indicate that（ ）.3.Which of the following conclusions about the Grand Canyon can be drawn from the passage?问题1选项A.Patterns of erosion in different mountain ranges.B.Forces that made the Grand Canyons.C.The increasing pollution of the Colorado River.D.The sudden appearance of the Grand Canyon.问题2选项A.it was caused by some ancient convulsionB.its presence is an embarrassment to the State of ColoradoC.it looks like an injury on the Earths surfaceD.it is caused many visitors to injure themselves问题3选项A.Its contours are constantly changing.B.It contains approximately 14 million tons of rock.C.Its eruptions have increased in recent years.D.It is being eroded by toxic waste and pollutants.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了大峡谷主要是由于缓慢而有序的侵蚀作用形成；第二三段对大峡谷形成的原因和过程进行了仔细分析；最后一段进一步介绍大峡谷的进一步形成是由于各种力的作用。因此B选项“大峡谷形成的各种力”符合题意。2.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the Earths surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion.（站在大峡谷的边缘，凝视着地球表面这个巨大的伤痕，游客可能会认为峡谷是由一些古老的震动造成的）可知C选项“看上去像是地球表面的伤痕”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Pushing slowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues.（缓慢地向后推进高原，旁边的峡谷露出新的岩石，侵蚀模式继续进行）可知大峡谷的轮廓在不断变化，因此选A。9.单选题Winston became quite avaricious in his late life.问题1选项A.feebleB.greedyC.blatantD.forgetful【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。avaricious意为“贪财的，贪婪的”；feeble意为“虚弱的，衰弱的”；greedy意为“贪婪的，贪心的”；blatant意为“明目张胆的，公然的”；forgetful意为“健忘的，好忘事的，疏忽的”。句意：温斯顿晚年变得相当贪婪。10.翻译题In the process of the on-going nationwide campaign launched to consolidate the market order, punishments have been meted out in accordance with laws against with crimes that do harm to peoples lives and health, including production and sale of counterfeit and substandard foods and medicines, and other crimes such as tax evasion and defraud, financial swindling, smuggling and pyramid selling. This has effectively protected the peoples legitimate rights and interests. Work has been intensified to investigate and prevent on-job crimes, with special focus on investigating and punishing those convicted of serious bribery and corruption offenses, bringing to justice those proven to have acted as behind-the-scene leaders of Mafia-like gangs or as their “protective umbrellas” by taking advantages of their powers and influence.【答案】【参考译文】在全国范围内开展的整顿市场秩序活动中，依法惩治了生产、销售假冒伪劣食品、药品等危害人民生命健康的犯罪和偷税、诈骗、金融诈骗、走私、传销等其他犯罪。这有效地保障了人民的合法权益。加大查办和预防职务犯罪工作力度，重点查处严重受贿、腐败犯罪分子，将那些被证明是黑社会性质组织的幕后领导人或利用其权力和影响力充当其“保护伞”的人绳之以法。