考研考博-考博英语-河北农业大学考前自测提分卷23(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-河北农业大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题All factories and mines are _ by government officials.问题1选项A.examinedB.surveyedC.inspectedD.investigated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项examined“（仔细）检查；考察”；B选项surveyed“勘测；民意调查；房屋鉴定”；C选项inspected“视察；查看”；D选项investigated“侦察”。句意：所有的工厂和矿山都由政府官员_。根据语境，government officials“政府官员”搭配inspected“视察”比较合理。因此C选项正确。2.单选题A moments drilling by the dentist may make us nervous and upset. Many of us cannot stand pain. To avoid the pain of a drilling that may last perhaps a minute or two, we demand the needlea shot of novocainethat deadens the nerves around the tooth.Now its true that the human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it. This helps us adjust to the world. Without our nervesand our brain, which is a bundle of nerves- we wouldnt know whats happening. But we pay for our sensitivity. We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain.But there is a way to handle pain. Look at the Indian fakir who sits on a bed of nails. Fakirs can put a needle right through an arm, and feel no pain. This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain.The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it. If the dentist says, this will hurt a little, it helps us to accept the pain. By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation, we can handle the pain without falling apart. After all, although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life.1. The passage is mainly about _.2. The sentence “But we pay for our sensitivity” in the second paragraph implies that _.3. When the author mentions the Indian fakir, he suggests that _.4. The most important thing to handle pain is _.5. The authors attitude towards pain is _.问题1选项A.how to suffer painB.how to avoid painC.how to handle painD.how to stop pain问题2选项A.we should pay a debt for our feelingB.we have to be hurt when we feel somethingC.our pain is worth feelingD.when we feel pain, we are suffering it问题3选项A.Indians are not at all afraid of painB.people may be senseless of painC.some people are able to handle painD.fakirs have magic to put needles right through their arms问题4选项A.how we look at painB.to feel pain as much as possibleC.to show an interest in painD.to accept the pain reluctantly问题5选项A.PessimisticB.optimisticC.radicalD.sarcastic【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句But there is a way to handle pain.（但有种方法可以缓解疼痛），可知下文的内容在讲如何缓解疼痛，故C选项“如何缓解疼痛”正确，A选项“如何承受疼痛”和D选项“如何停止疼痛”：文章没有提到，故错误。B选项“如何避免疼痛”：文章只是讲到通过打针避免疼痛，但这不是主要内容，故错误。因此C选项正确。2.语义推测题。根据第二段倒数第二句We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body.（当我们身体的任何部位出了一点问题，我们都能感觉到疼痛。），可知疼痛反映身体部位的情况，故D选项“我们感到疼痛时，代表我们的身体正在承受疼痛”正确。A选项“我们应该为我们的感觉偿还债务”：句意不通，故错误。B选项“如果我们有感觉就会受伤”：有感觉和受伤没有因果关系，故错误。C选项“我们的疼痛值得感受”：文章没有提到疼痛是否值得，故错误。因此D选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第四段第三句By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation, we can handle the pain without falling apart.（保持放松，把疼痛当作一种有趣的感觉来对待，我们就能处理疼痛而不会崩溃。），可知个人对于疼痛的承受力可以改变，苦行僧就是一个例子，故C选项“有些人能够承受疼痛”正确。A选项“印度人一点也不怕疼痛”：苦行僧不等同于印度人，故错误。B选项“人们可能对痛苦毫无知觉”：上文说到我们的身体出了一点问题，我们都能感觉到疼痛，故错误。D选项“苦行僧有把针穿过他们手臂的魔法”：这不是苦行僧的魔法，只是他们对疼痛的耐受力比较高。没有提到。因此C选项正确。4.语义推测题。根据第四段第一句The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it.（在忍受痛苦的过程中，最重要的是我们对它的态度。），可知我们如何看待疼痛是最重要的，故A选项“我们如何看待疼痛”正确。B选项“尽可能多地感受疼痛”：文中没有提到，故错误。C选项“对疼痛感兴趣”：文中说的是treating the pain as an interesting sensation（把疼痛当作一种有趣的感觉来对待），而不是对疼痛本身感兴趣，故错误。D选项“不情愿地接受疼痛”：根据文章，自愿接受疼痛才是可行的，故错误。因此A选项正确。5.观点态度题。根据第四段最后一句After all, although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life.（毕竟，虽然疼痛是一种不愉快的感觉，但它仍然是一种感觉，而感觉是生命的组成部分。），可知作者对疼痛持正向包容态度，认为疼痛是正常的，并不是多么可怕的坏事，故B选项“乐观的”正确。A选项“悲观的”，C选项“激进的”和D选项“讽刺的”都不符合题意，故错误。因此B选项正确。3.单选题While he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg_.问题1选项A.brokeB.breakC.brokenD.breaking【答案】C【解析】考查宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系。此句中的had为使役动词，其后的宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系是逻辑上的动宾关系，根据英语语法，此处应用过去分词。本句句意：他在爬那座高山时，摔断了腿。4.单选题John suggested _anything about it until they found out more facts.问题1选项A.not to sayB.saying notC.to say notD.not saying【答案】D【解析】考查动词用法。suggest后面只能接动名词v-ing，动名词的否定形式是在其前加not；其后不可以接to do/ be不定式。因此，D为正确答案。本句句意：“约翰建议，在他们找到更多的事实前，什么也不要说。”5.翻译题Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. (1) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human, nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. (2) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. (3) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional pre-scientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. (4) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and theyre essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning values. Who will use a technology and to what ends? (5) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.【答案】1难题在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。2行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。3自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。4自由和尊严（它们）是传统理论定义的自主的人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。5（如果）这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。6.单选题Im sure your research has _ this disease.问题1选项A.contributed to understanding ofB.contributed to understand ofC.been contributed to understand ofD.been contributed to understanding of【答案】A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我相信你的研究有助于了解这种疾病。Im sure (that)+宾语从句，根据contribute的动作发生在过去、对现在有影响，确定用现在完成时；根据contribute的动作是主动发生，确定用主动语态；根据of所属结构确定用名词性的understanding，A选项contributed to understanding of符合题意。B选项understand是动词词性，C选项和D选项中has been done是被动语态。因此A选项正确。7.单选题At about the same time, doctors began to understand _ together.问题1选项A.which went dirt and diseaseB.what went dirt and diseaseC.that dirt and disease wentD.that did dirt and disease go【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：大约在同一时间，医生们开始明白污垢和疾病相伴而生。本从句成分完整，不需要用先行词作从句成分，故先行词用that，从句时态和主句时态保持一致，故用过去式，所以C选项that dirt and disease went符合题意。因此C选项正确。8.单选题Seldom _ any mistakes during my past five years of service here.问题1选项A.did I makeB.should I makeC.I would makeD.would I make【答案】A【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：在服务这里的过去五年里，我很少出错。句首为半否定的词语用部分倒装，根据动词短语make mistakes确定用助动词，根据past five years确定用过去时态，所以A选项did I make符合题意。因此A选项正确。9.单选题These desks and seats can be _ to the height to any child.问题1选项A.adaptedB.adoptedC.adjustedD.attached【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adapted“适应”；B选项adopted“采用”；C选项adjusted“调整；校正”；D选项attached“附加”。句意：这些课桌和椅子可以_到任何孩子的高度。根据语境，这里是指这些课桌和椅子可以调整高度，所以adjusted“调整”符合题意。因此C选项正确。10.单选题Weve tested ten types of material, _is completely waterproof.问题1选项A.no of whichB.none of whichC.some of thatD.neither of which【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。B项none of which指“三者或三者以上都不”，符合题意；A项no of which没有这种说法；C项，引导定语从句时that不能用在介词后。D项neither of which指“两者都不”。句意：我们已经测试了十种材料，没有一种是完全防水的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。