考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考前自测提分卷79(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题My cat is a fussy eater, but my dog is so（ ）that shell swallow down anything that is put in front of her.问题1选项A.indiscriminateB.choosyC.indefiniteD.picky【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项indiscriminate“不加选择的”；B选项choosy“好挑剔的”；C选项indefinite“不确定的，无限的”；D选项picky“挑剔的”。句意：我的猫很挑食，但我的狗却不加选择地吃任何摆在她面前的东西。根据句意可知，填空处应填入一个和fussy（爱挑剔的）意思相反的单词，所以选项A符合语境。2.翻译题Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually oriented to the futurenot wedded to the past. They have a hunger to take responsibility, to innovate, and to initiate. They are not content with merely taking care of whats already there. They want to move forward to create something new.Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as dedication, and speak from experience as well as understanding of the problems they face and the people they work with.Leaders are flexible rather than dogmatic. They believe in unity rather than conformity. And they strive to achieve consensus out of conflict.Leadership is all about getting people consistently to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leader make the right things happen when theyre supposed to.A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have in order to get. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization. For the work they do, and for their abilities, aspirations and needs, will find that respect is return. And all concerned will be motivated to work together.【答案】成功的领导者无论在情感上还是在理智上都着眼于未来，而不是执着于过去。他们渴望创新，积极开拓。他们不满足于现状，他们想要前进去创造新事物。领导者不仅提供指导也提供答案，不仅给予力量而且乐于奉献，他们说话既根据经验，也根据他们对所面临的问题和一起共事的人的理解。领导者处事灵活而不武断。他们相信的是团结而不是随波逐流。他们力图在冲突中达成共识。领导力在于让人们始终尽显其能，帮助他们最大限度地发挥自己的潜力，并激励他们朝着共同的目标而努力。领导者在必要的时候能做出正确的决断。一个好的领导者，一个卓有成效的领导者，是一个尊重他人的人。要得到他人的尊重必须先尊重他人。一个尊重组织上各级员工，尊重他们的工作、能力、愿望和需求的领导者也会得到他人的尊重。所有这些都会激励大家共同努力。3.单选题These actors failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now they have to（ ）the consequences.问题1选项A.answer forB.run intoC.abide byD.step into【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项answer for“因受罚，对负责”；B选项run into“遭遇，撞上”；C选项abide by“遵守，承担的后果”；D选项step into“进入”。句意：这些演员没有履行合同中的某些条款，现在他们必须对此结果负责。选项A符合语境。4.单选题The painting was a valuable family possession, which had been（ ）from generation to generation.问题1选项A.handed overB.handed outC.handed downD.handed across【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项hand over“交出，移交”；B选项hand out“分发，施舍”；C选项hand down“宣传，流传下去”；D选项hand across无此搭配。句意：这幅画是一件珍贵的家财，一直代代相传。选项C符合语境。5.翻译题Being unhappy is like an infectious disease. It causes people to shrink away from the sufferer. He soon finds himself alone miserable. There is, however, a cure so simple as to seem, at first glance, ridiculous: if you dont feel happy, pretend to be!It works. Before long you will find that instead of pushing people away, you attract them. You discover how deeply rewarding it is to be the center of wider and wider circles of good will.Then the make-believe becomes a reality. Being happy, once it is realized as a duty established as a habit, opens doors into unimaginable gardens filled with grateful friends.【答案】不开心就像一种传染病。它使人们对不快乐的人敬而远之。不快乐的人很快就会发觉自己既孤独又悲惨，充满怨恨。但是，有一种乍一看似乎荒谬可笑，实际却非常简单的治愈方法，那就是：如果你不快乐，那就假装快乐吧!这个办法的确行之有效。不久你就会发现，你不再排斥别人，而是开始吸引他们。你会发现被越来越多善意的人们包围的感觉是多么的值得！于是，假装的变成了真实的。一旦快乐被认为是一种责任并成为一种习惯，它就会向我们敞开一扇好友云集的通向奇妙花园的大门。6.单选题The Internet, E-commerce and globalization are making a new economic era possible. In the future, capitalist markets will largely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on networked relationships, contractual arrangements and access rights.Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOS and corporate executives in Europe and the United States. Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, “No, quite contrary.” The very people responsible for ushering in what some have called a “technological renaissance” say they are working longer hours, feel more stressed, are more impatient, and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friendsnot to mention strangers. And whats more revealing, they place much of the blame on the very same technologies they are so aggressively championing.The techno gurus promised us that access would make life more convenient and give us more time. Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy escape.If an earlier generation was preoccupied with the quest to enclose a vast geographic frontier, the .com generation, it seems, is more caught up in the colonization of time. Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the most scarce of all resources. Our e-mail, voice mail and cell phones, our 24-hour Interact news and entertainment all seize for our attention.And while we have created every kind of labor-and time-saving device to service our needs, we are beginning to feel like we have less time available to us than any other humans in history. That is because the great proliferation of labor-and-time-saving services only increases the diversity, pace and flow of commodified activity around us. For example, e-mail is a great convenience. However, we now find ourselves spending much of our day frantically responding to each others electronic messages. The cell phone is a great time-saver. Except now we are always potentially in reach of someone else who wants our attention.Social conservatives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss of a moral compass and religious values. Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really count and what types of access really matter in the e-economy era. If this new technology revolution is only about hyper efficiency, then we risk losing something even precious than timeour sense of what it means to be a caring human being.1.According to the passage, corporate executives think that（ ）.2.Which of the following is NOT true?3.What is the most valuable resource for the .com generation?4.In the sixth paragraph, the author implied that（ ）.5.An appropriate title for the passage might be（ ）.问题1选项A.technology renaissance should be pushed forward.B.technology has a profound impact on their lives.C.technology actually results in a decline in their life quality.D.technology should be aggressively championed.问题2选项A.Technology was supposed to free people.B.The .com generation became slaves of technology.C.New technologies occupy much of our time.D.It is difficult to avoid the influence of technology wonders.问题3选项A.Technological wonders.B.Access to information.C.Time.D.Time saving devices.问题4选项A.social conservatives blamed the loss of morality on technology.B.the .com generation was less civil than the earlier generations.C.the hyper speed culture led to the decline in civility.D.technology might make people less impatient.问题5选项A.The New Internet Life.B.The Drawbacks of too Much Access.C.The Failure of Technological Renaissance.D.The Declining Quality of Life.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into our lives?. “No, quite contrary.”（我们在工作、家庭和社区的生活质量是否与我们生活中引入的所有新互联网和企业对企业的互联网服务成正比？“不，完全相反。”）可知C选项“技术实际上导致了他们生活质量的下降”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy escape.（相反，本应解放我们的科技奇迹，却开始把我们束缚在一个似乎无法轻易摆脱的联系网中）但并不是说网络一代变成了技术的奴隶，因此选B。3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the most scarce of all resources.（我们的每一个空闲时间都充满了某种形式的商业联系，使时间本身成为所有资源中最稀缺的）可知选C。4.推理判断题。文章第六段中的Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?（有没有人问过，高速发展的文化是否让我们所有人都变得不那么有耐心，不太愿意倾听、推迟、考虑和反思？）可知D选项“科技可能会使人失去耐心”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了科技给人们生活带来的负面影响，因此B选项“使用过多的缺点”符合题意。7.单选题The drama awards provide a(n)（ ）for young people to improve their performing skills.问题1选项A.captiveB.fugitiveC.initiativeD.incentive【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项captive“俘虏，迷恋者”；B选项fugitive“逃亡者，难捕捉之物”；C选项initiative“主动权，首创精神”；D选项incentive“动机，刺激”。句意“戏剧奖能够激励年轻人提高他们的表演技巧。”选项D符合语境。8.翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.一九七八年，我们党召开具有重大历史意义的十一届三中全会，开启了改革开放历史新时期。从那时以来，中国共产党人和中国人民以一往无前的进取精神和波澜壮阔的创新实践，谱写了中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进新的壮丽史诗，中国人民的面貌、社会主义中国的面貌、中国共产党的面貌发生了历史性变化。改革开放是党在新的时代条件下带领人民进行的新的伟大革命，目的就是要解放和发展社会生产力，实现国家现代化，让中国人民富裕起来，振兴伟大的中华民族。【答案】In 1978, our Party convened the third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC with great historical significance, opening a new historical period of reform and opening up. Since then, the Chinese Communists and the Chinese people, with their indomitable spirit of enterprise and great innovation and practice, have written a new epic of perseverance and fortitude for the Chinese nation. Historic changes have taken place in the face of the Chinese people, socialist China and the Communist Party of China. Reform and opening up is a great new revolution that the Party is leading the people to carry out in the new era. Its purpose is to liberate and develop the productive forces, modernize the country, enrich the Chinese people and revitalize the great Chinese nation.9.单选题A landing on Mars is within the（ ）of current physical theory.问题1选项A.schemeB.scopeC.scrapD.scale【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项 scheme“计划，诡计”；B选项scope“范围，视野”；C选项scrap“碎片，残余物”；D选项scale“规模，比例”。句意：在火星上着陆在目前物理理论的范围之内。选项B符合语境。10.单选题Though the number of the upper class is a mere one third of the population, they make up at least 25 percent of the nations wealth. This class has two parts: upper-upper and lower-upper.（1）, the upper-upper class is the “old rich”families that have been wealthy for several generationsa nobility of（2）and wealth. A few are known across the nation, such as the Rockefellers, and the Vanderbilts. Most are not（3）to the general public. They have no（4）to the rest of the community,（5）their income from the investment of their inherited wealth. By（6）, the lower-upper class is the “new rich”. （7）they may be wealthier than some of the old rich, the new rich have been（8）to make their money like（9）else beneath their class.（10）their status is generally（11）than that of the old rich, who have not found it necessary to lift a finger to make their money, and who（12）to look down upon the new rich. However its wealth is（13）, the upper class is very rich. They have enough money and leisure time to（14）an interest in the arts and to（15）rare books and paintings. They generally live in exclusive areas, belong to exclusive social clubs, communicate with each other, and marry their own kind, all of which keeps them so（16）from the masses that they have been called the out-of-sight class. More than any other class, they tend to be（17）of being members of a class. They also（18）an enormous amount of power and influence here and abroad, as they（19）many top government positions. Their actions（20）the lives of millions.问题1选项A.ConsequentlyB.AccordinglyC.RegularlyD.Basically问题2选项A.beginningB.birthC.infancyD.foundation问题3选项A.visibleB.noticeableC.obviousD.apparent问题4选项A.contactB.associationC.communicationD.relation问题5选项A.pullingB.abstractingC.drawingD.making问题6选项A.comparisonB.contrastC.contraryD.difference问题7选项A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.ThereforeD.However问题8选项A.greedyB.indifferentC.sympatheticD.depressed问题9选项A.nobodyB.everybodyC.somebodyD.anybody问题10选项A.ThenB.ButC.ThusD.Whereas问题11选项A.superiorB.inferiorC.higherD.lower问题12选项A.wantB.selectC.hateD.tend问题13选项A.retainedB.benefitedC.acquiredD.rewarded问题14选项A.reproduceB.yieldC.cultivateD.rear问题15选项A.collectB.gatherC.assembleD.accumulate问题16选项A.distantB.farC.separateD.remote问题17选项A.doubtfulB.consciousC.sensitiveD.sensible问题18选项A.demandB.controlC.directD.command问题19选项A.seizeB.abuseC.holdD.sustain问题20选项A.attractB.affectC.effectD.incline【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:A第9题:B第10题:C第11题:D第12题:D第13题:C第14题:C第15题:A第16题:A第17题:B第18题:D第19题:C第20题:B【解析】1.考查副词辨析。A选项Consequently “因此，结果”；B选项Accordingly“于是，相应地”；C选项Regularly“定期地”；D选项Basically“主要地，基本上”。结合上下文语境“这个阶层可以分为两部分：上上层和下层。上上阶层主要是老一辈就已经富起来的人”，选项D符合原文语境。2.考查名词辨析。A选项beginning“开始”；B选项birth“出身”；C选项infancy“初期，幼年”；D选项foundation“基础”。根据原文可知，这里是说那些家庭富裕的人出身也很高贵，所以选项B符合语境。3.考查形容词辨析。A选项visible “明显的，看得见的”；B选项noticeable“显著的”；C选项obvious“平淡无奇的”；D选项apparent“显然的，表面上的”。根据下文“他们和社区的人基本没什么联系”，由此可知，这些富裕家庭公众是看不到的，所以选项A符合语境。4.考查固定搭配。have no relation to意为“与毫无关系”，所以选项D正确。5.考查固定搭配。draw from意为“从中得到；从提取”。原文是指这些富裕家庭的收入是从他们所继承财富的投资中获得的，所以选项C正确。6.考查固定搭配。by contrast意为“相比之下”，表示前后形成对比，所以选项B正确。7.考查逻辑连词。根据原文句意“他们（新富起来的人）可能比那些早就富裕起来的人更有钱，但他们还是在不断地赚钱。”前后构成转折的逻辑关系，所以首先排除表示原因的逻辑连词选项B和C。其次，however表示转折时为副词，不能够连接两个分句，所以只有选项A正确。8.考查形容词辨析。A选项greedy“贪婪的，渴望的”；B选项indifferent“漠不关心的”；C选项sympathetic“同情的”；D选项depressed“沮丧的”。根据原文可知，这里是说新富起来的人还像所有比他们阶层低的人一样渴望赚钱，所以选项A符合语境。9.考查不定代词。根据句意可知，这里是指其他所有人，所以用everybody else。选项B正确。nobody多用于否定句，anybody多用于疑问句，somebody有特指的意味，所以均不正确。10.考查上下文语境。上文提到“新富起来的人还像所有比他们阶层低的人一样渴望赚钱”，而下文则提及“他们的地位比那些早就富裕起来的人要低，早就富裕起来的人则认为没有必要为赚钱出力”。前后构成因果关系，所以选项C符合语境。11.考查上下文语义。根据下文“look down upon the new rich”可知，新富起来的人比那些早就富裕起来的人的地位要低，所以选项D正确。12.考查动词辨析。A选项want“想要”；B选项select“选择”，一般不和介词to搭配；C选项hate“憎恨，厌恶”；D选项tend“倾向于”。句意：那些早就富裕起来的人倾向于看不起新富起来的人，选项D符合语境。13.考查动词辨析。A选项retain“保持”；B选项benefit“受益”；C选项acquire“获得”；D选项reward“奖励”。句意：无论他们的财富是如何获得的，上层阶级都是非常富有的。选项C符合语境。14.考查动词辨析。A选项reproduce“复制，繁殖”；B选项yield“产出”；C选项cultivate“培养”；D选项rear“抚养，饲养”。根据原文可知，这里是说培养对艺术的兴趣，所以选项C正确。15.考查动词辨析。A选项collect“收藏，收集”；B选项gather“聚集”；C选项assemble“聚集，集合”；D选项accumulate“积攒，累积”。根据原文可知，这里指收藏稀有的书籍和画，所以选项A正确。16.考查形容词辨析。A选项distant “遥远的，冷漠的”；B选项far“遥远的，久远的”；C选项separate“分开的，单独的”；D选项remote“遥远的，偏僻的”。根据原文可知，这里是说上层阶级远离了大众，选项A更符合语境。17.考查固定搭配。A选项doubtful“可疑的”；B选项conscious“意识到的”；C选项sensitive“敏感的”；D选项sensible“明智的”。句意：与其他阶级相比，他们更倾向于意识到自己是阶级的成员。be conscious of sth.意为“意识到”，所以选项B正确。18.考查动词辨析。A选项demand“要求，需求”；B选项control“控制，管理”；C选项direct“管理，指挥”；D选项command“命令，掌控”。句意：他们在国内外也掌握着巨大的权力和影响力。选项D更符合语境。19.考查动词辨析。A选项seize“抓住”；B选项abuse“滥用”；C选项hold“持有，拥有”；D选项sustain“维持，支撑”。根据原文可知，这里是说上层阶级的人占有许多高级政府职位，所以选项C符合语境。20.考查动词辨析。A选项attract“吸引”；B选项affect“影响，感染”；C选项effect“产生，达到目的”；D选项incline“倾向于”。句意：他们的行为影响着数百万人的生活。选项B符合语境。