考研考博-考博英语-中国政法大学考前自测提分卷55(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中国政法大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Owing to the unpredictable weather, the arrangements are subject to change.问题1选项A.supposedB.aboutC.liableD.bound【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。Be subject to表示“有倾向，受支配”；A项be supposed to“被期望，应该”，B项be about to“即将，刚要”，C项be liable to“有倾向，易于”，D项be bound to“必然，一定要”。句意：由于天气变化莫测，安排可能会有所改变。因此C项正确。2.单选题The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smelters compared with animals, 21 this is largely because, 22 animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 23 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 24_ the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, _25_, we are extremely sensitive to smells, _26 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 27 human smells even when these are 28 to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, _ 29_ others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 30 smell receptors in the nose, These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 31 to the brain, However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 32 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 33 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 34 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 35 new receptors if necessary. This may _36_ explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smellswe simply do not need to be. We are not 37 of the usual smell of our own house but we 38 new smells when we visit someone elses. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 39 for unfamiliar and emergency signals _40_ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.问题1选项A.althoughB.asC.butD.while问题2选项A.aboveB.unlikeC.excludingD.besides问题3选项A.limitedB.committedC.dedicatedD.confined问题4选项A.catchingB.ignoringC.missingD.tracking问题5选项A.anywayB.thoughC.insteadD.therefore问题6选项A.even ifB.if onlyC.only ifD.as if问题7选项A.distinguishingB.discoveringC.determiningD.detecting问题8选项A.dilutedB.dissolvedC.dispersedD.diffused问题9选项A.whenB.sinceC.forD.whereas问题10选项A.unusualB.particularC.uniqueD.typical问题11选项A.signsB.stimuliC.messagesD.impulses问题12选项A.at firstB.at allC.at largeD.at times问题13选项A.subjectedB.leftC.drawnD.exposed问题14选项A.ineffectiveB.incompetentC.inefficientD.insufficient问题15选项A.introduceB.summonC.triggerD.create问题16选项A.stillB.alsoC.otherwiseD.nevertheless问题17选项A.sureB.sickC.awareD.tired问题18选项A.tolerateB.repelC.neglectD.notice问题19选项A.availableB.reliableC.identifiableD.suitable问题20选项A.similar toB.such asC.along withD.aside from【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B第6题:A第7题:D第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B第11题:C第12题:B第13题:D第14题:C第15题:D第16题:B第17题:C第18题:D第19题:A第20题:B【解析】21.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查逻辑衔接。A项although表示让步，B项as表示时间或者原因，C项but表示转折关系，D项while表示时间或者对比；根据句子Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, this is largely because, animals, we stand upright.（与动物相比，人类常常被认为嗅觉不够敏锐，这主要原因是因为，动物，人类直立行走）可知，这里应该是转折的关系；but表示后面的内容是语句重心所在，While也可以表示对比、转折，但作为从属连词也有让步含义。从本题前后的语义关系来看，后半句语义应当是重心所在，因此正确答案为C。22.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查语义衔接。A项above“在上面”，B项unlike“不像”，C项excluding“除之外”，D项besides“另外”；根据句子but this is largely because, animals, we stand right.（但是主要原因是因为，动物，人类直立行走）可知，人类不像动物一样，人类是直立行走的。因此正确答案为B。23.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查语义衔接及词汇辨析。A项limited“限制的”，be limited to被限制在（指能力的缺点，弱点）；B项committed“坚定的，效忠的”，be committed to 致力于；C项dedicated“专注的，献身的”，be dedicated to 献身于，从事于；D项confined“有限制的，封闭的”，be confined to 限制在，局限于（某地或某种境地）；根据句子This means that our noses are to perceiving those smells which float through the air.（这意味着我们的鼻子闻到漂浮在空气中的气味）可知，我们的鼻子只能感知飘在空气中的气味。B、C错误，D项不符合语义。因此正确答案为A。24.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查语义衔接。A项catching“抓住”，B项ignoring“忽视”，C项missing“错过”，D项tracking“跟踪，追溯”；根据句子This means that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells which float through the air, the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.（.这意味着我们的鼻子只能闻到漂浮在空气中的气味，附着于地表的大多数气味）可知，我们的鼻子只能闻到浮在空气中的气味，对于大部分停留在表面的气味是闻不到的。首先可以排除A、D项，ignore含有“有意不”的意思，显然不符合语境。因此正确答案为C。25.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查逻辑衔接。A项anyway“不管怎样”（表示让步），B项though“尽管”（表示让步或转折），C项instead“相反，然而”，D项therefore“因此”（表示结果）；根据句子In fact, we are extremely sensitive to smells, we do not generally realize it（事实上，我们对气味非常敏感，我们通常没有注意到这一点）可知，本句中的in fact提示了转折关系，因此要选择表示转折的逻辑关系词。四个选项中，只有though能与in fact连用表示转折；因此正确答案为B。26.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查逻辑衔接。A项even if“即使”（表示让步），B项if only“但愿”（后常接虚拟语气，表示愿望），C项only if“如果”（用于表达条件关系，only表强调），D项as if“似乎”（用于表达比较关系）；根据句子In fact, though we are extremely sensitive to smells, we do not generally realize it（事实上，我们对气味非常敏感，我们通常没有注意到这一点）可知，四个选项中只有A项even if用于表达让步关系；因此正确答案为A。27.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查语义衔接和词汇辨析。A项distinguish“区别”，B项discover“发现”（原先没看见或不知道的事物），C项determine“决定”，D项detect“察觉，发现”（尤指发现有意隐藏之物）；根据句子Our noses are capable ofhuman smells（我们的鼻子能人的气味）可知，我们的鼻子能察觉（引申为闻到）人的气味；因此正确答案为D。28.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查语义衔接和词汇辨析。A项diluted“稀释的（可指液体或气体的稀释）”，B项dissolved“溶解（通常指固体溶解为液体）”，C项dispersed“散开”，D项diffused“扩散，弥漫”；根据句子Our noses are capable of detecting human smells even when these areto far below one part in one million.（我们的鼻子能够闻到人的气味，即使这些气味被到百万分之一）可知，气味应该是被稀释或冲淡到百万分之一；因此正确答案为A。29.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查逻辑衔接。A项when“何时”，B项since“自从”，C项for“为”，D项whereas“然而，鉴于”；根据句子Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers（奇怪的是，有些人发现他们能闻到一种花却闻不到另一种，其他人对两种花的气味都很敏感）可知，此处显然构成一种对比关系，只有whereas能用于引导表示转折关系的并列句。因此正确答案为D。30.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词汇辨析。A项unusual“不寻常的”，B项particular“特别的”（强调某一个体或某一集团所独有的），C项unique“独特的”（强调独一无二的），D项typical“典型的”；根据句子This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generatesmell receptors in the nose.（这可能是因为有些人没有可以在鼻子里产生嗅觉感受器所必需的基因）可知，此处应该表示特别的嗅觉感受器；因此正确答案为B。31.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查语义衔接。A项sign“标记”，B项stimuli“刺激”，C项message“信号”，D项impulse“冲动，推动”；根据句子These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send to the brain.（这些感知器就是细胞，它们能够感知气味，并且向大脑传递）可知，细胞在这里传递的是信息；因此正确答案为C。32.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查语义衔接。A项at first“起初”，B项at all“完全，根本”，C项at large“全面地，详细地”，D项at times“有时”；根据句子However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smellcan suddenly become sensitive to it（然而，研究发现，甚至对某种特定气味不敏感的人也能突然变得敏感起来）可知，这里是缺少一个状语修饰整个句子；根据句意B选项最符合。33.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查语义衔接。A项subjected“使遭受”，be subjected to 表示遭受，屈服于；B项left“剩下的”，be left to表被留给；C项drawn“拔，拉出”，be drawn to表被拖到；D项exposed“暴露”，be exposed to表暴露在（经常接触）；根据句子even people insensitive to a certain smell at all can suddenly become sensitive to it whento it often enough（当经常这种气味，即使是对某种气味完全不敏感的人也会突然变得敏感）可知，语境表达的是人处于某种气味所笼罩的环境中。因此正确答案为D。34.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查语义衔接和词汇辨析。A项ineffective“无效的，失效的”，B项incompetent“无能力的”，C项inefficient“效率低的”，D项insufficient“不充分的”；根据句子The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds itto keep all smell receptors working all the time（对嗅觉不敏感的解释似乎是大脑发现它让所有的嗅觉感受器一直工作）可知，根据语境，这里应该是说大脑发现让所有的气味感知器一直处于工作状态是效率低的。因此正确答案为C。35.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查语义衔接和词汇辨析。A项introduce“介绍”，B项summon“召集，召唤”，C项trigger“触发，引起”，D项create“创造”；根据句子The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it incompetent to keep all smell receptors working all the time but cannew receptors if necessary.（关于鼻子对气味不敏感的解释是大脑发现让所有的气味感知器一直处于工作状态是效率低的，但是如有需要又可以新的气味感知器）可知，从空格后面的new来判断，只有create才符合逻辑。因此正确答案为D。36.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查逻辑衔接。A项still“仍然”，B项also“也”，C项otherwise“否则”，D项nevertheless“然而，虽然如此”；根据句子This mayexplain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smellswe simply do not need to be.（这或许解释为什么我们通常对自己的气味不敏感-我们根本不需要对自己的气味敏感），“this”这个词表明了逻辑关系应该是并列，翻译成“也”，表示和前面的句子是相同或者相近的含义，因此正确答案为B。37.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查语义衔接。A项sure“确信”，B项sick“厌恶”，C项aware“意识到，知道”，D项tired“厌倦”；根据句子We are notof the usual smell of our own house（我们没有自己家里平常的气味），可知，这里应该是表示闻到/知道自己家的气味，因此根据句意，正确答案为C。38.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查语义衔接。A项tolerate“忍受”，B项repel“抵制”，C项neglect“忽视”，D项notice“注意到”；根据句子We are not aware of the usual smell of our own house but wenew smells when we visit someone elses.（我们意识不到自己家里的平常的气味，但是在拜访别人家时，我们新的气味），可知，这里应该是闻到新的气味，因此根据句意，正确答案为D。39.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查语义衔接。A项available“可达到的，可工作的”，B项reliable“可靠的”，C项identifiable“可辨认的”，D项suitable“适合的”；根据句子The brain finds it best to keep smell receptorsfor unfamiliar and emergency signals（大脑发现最好让嗅觉感受器保持来接收陌生和紧急信号）和前一句 “我们意识不到自己家里的平常的气味”可知，这里应该是表示“最好使气味感知器随时接受不熟悉和紧急信号”，因此根据句意，正确答案为A。40.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查语义衔接。A项similar to“相似于”，B项such as“例如”，C项along with“和一起”，D项aside from“除之外”；根据句子The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency signalsthe smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.（大脑发现自己最使气味感知器随时接受不熟悉的和紧急的信号，预示火的危险的烟的气味）句意可知，这里需要填表示列举意义的短语，因此正确答案为B。3.单选题Once our attention has been ensnared, we still need to be sufficiently intrigued to read the story.问题1选项A.detractedB.drawnC.removedD.buffed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。ensnared在句中是“引诱”，A选项detracted“转移”；B选项drawn“吸引”；C选项removed“迁移”；D选项buff“降低，缓冲”。句意：当我们的注意力被勾起时，我们仍需被激起足够的兴趣去阅读这个故事。根据句意B项正确。4.单选题In the autumn, the northern mountains are ablaze with shades of red, yellow, and orange.问题1选项A.decoratedB.abloomC.radiantD.beautiful【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。ablaze表示“闪耀的，发光的”；A项decorated“装饰的，修饰的”，B项abloom“开花的”，C项radiant“发光的，辐射的”，D项beautiful“美丽的，出色的”。句意：在秋天，北方的山上闪耀着深浅不同的红色、黄色和橙色。因此C项正确。5.单选题The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert, is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestrathat has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert, is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with me recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. Their recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference. Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the now audience it hopes to attract.46. We learn from Para. 1 that Gilberts appointment has _.47. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is _.48. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers _.49. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?50. Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels _.问题1选项A.incurred criticismB.raised suspicionC.received acclaimD.aroused curiosity问题2选项A.influentialB.modestC.respectableD.talented问题3选项A.ignore the expenses of live performancesB.reject most kinds of recorded performancesC.exaggerate the variety of live performancesD.overestimate the value of live performances问题4选项A.They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.B.They are easily accessible to the general public.C.They help improve the quality of music.D.They have only covered masterpieces.问题5选项A.doubtfulB.enthusiasticC.confidentD.puzzled【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】46.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“我们从第1段得知吉尔伯特的任命”。根据第一段第三行For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least.（至少可以说，在大多数情况下，人们的反应是积极的）可知，人们对Gilbert的任命得到了古典乐界的一致欢呼，因此C项“获得好评”符合；A项“招致批评”，B项“引起怀疑”，D项“激起好奇心”均错误，故该题选C。47.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“Tommasini认为吉尔伯特作为艺术家是”。第二段第三行提到an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him（一个朴实的音乐家，没有那种令人敬畏的指挥家的气质），由此可知Tommasini 认为Gilbert是一个朴实无华、低调的音乐家，故B项“谦虚的”符合题意；A项“有影响力的”，第二段第一句提到however, is that Gilbert, is comparatively little known（相对而言，吉尔伯特鲜为人知），Gilbert鲜为人知又怎么会有影响力，所以该项错误；C项“受人尊敬的”和D项“有天赋的”文章未提及，故该题选B正确。48.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“作者相信忠实的音乐观众是”。第四段提到Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.（忠实的音乐会观众回答说，录音不能代替现场表演，他们错过了这一点），由此可知，作者认为忠实的音乐会参会者们对现场音乐表演有着过高的评价。故D项“高估现场表演的价值”符合题意；A项“忽略现场表演的费用”不是作者想表达的意思；B项“拒绝大多数录制的表演”，文中只是提到了相比录音，忠实的音乐会观众会更倾向于现场表演，没有提到他们拒绝大多数录制的表演，有点过度解读了；C项“夸大了现场表演的多样性”没有提到；故该题选D。49.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节判断题。题干的意思是“根据文章，关于录音下列哪项是正确的?”。第四段倒数第二句提到Their recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances（他们的唱片很便宜，到处都能买到，而且往往比今天的现场表演的艺术质量要高得多），由此可推知，因为唱片便宜且质量比现场表演要高，大众更容易接受，因此A项“它们的质量往往不如现场音乐会”排除，B项“它们很容易为公众所接受”符合题意；C项“它们有助于提高音乐的质量”，文中没有提到有助于提高音乐质量，只是说比现场表演质量高得多，这是偷换概念，因此该项错误；D项“它们只包括大师作品”未提及；故该题选B。50.【试题答案】A【试题解析】作者态度题。题干的意思是“对于吉尔伯特在振兴Philharmonic乐团中所扮演的角色，作者觉得”。根据文章最后两句But what will be the nature of that difference. Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the now audience it hopes to attract.（但这种差异的本质是什么呢？仅仅扩大乐团的演奏曲目是不够的。如果吉尔伯特和Philharmonic乐团要想成功，他们必须首先改变美国最古老的管弦乐团和它现在希望吸引的观众之间的关系）可知，虽然Gilbert很有才华和能力，但是要想复兴交响乐团这是不够的，还需要改变古典交响乐和当下听众的关系，表明作者对Gilbert是持怀疑的态度，因此A项“怀疑的”符合题意；B项“热情的”，C项“自信的”和D项“迷惑的”均不符合，故该题选A。6.单选题Fashion modeling sounds like an easy, glamorous job, _ only patient, persevering girls can stand the strain of it.问题1选项A.butB.andC.soD.as【答案】A【解析】考查语言逻辑。A项but“但是”表转折关系，B项and“和”表并列，C项so“因此”表因果，D项as“作为，因为”表方式或者原因。前一句话和后一句话存在意义上的转折关系，此处应填转折连词but，A项符合题意。句意：时装模特听起来像是一份简单、迷人的工作，但只有有耐心、有毅力的女孩才能承受它的压力。因此A项正确。7.单选题In this law, _, “state” means a territory or group of territories having its own law of nationality.问题1选项A.otherwise the context requiresB.unless the context requiresC.the context otherwiseD.unless the context otherwise requires【答案】D【解析】考查连词和固定搭配。在法律英语中，unless the context otherwise requires“除上下文另有所指”经常使用，Otherwise在这里是作为形容词“另外的”使用；A选项缺少连词，B选项“除非上下文要求”语义矛盾，C选项语义不完整；这句话句意是：在本条法令中，除上下文另有所指，“国家”指拥有自己的国籍法的一个领土或一组领土。根据句子结构和句意，只有D项是通顺且符合语法的。8.单选题At the far end of a kaleidoscope _, one made of clear glass and the other of ground glass.问题1选项A.two plates areB.two plates are thereC.are two plates thereD.are two plates【答案】D【解析】考查倒装。介词引导的状语从句提前，主句需要部分倒装。此句的主语是two plates，故谓语动词are需要提到主语之前，补充说明，如果是there be结构则应保持正常顺序不变。句意：万花筒的远端有两块板，一块是透明玻璃，另一块是磨砂玻璃。故正确答案为D。9.单选题In the Osage tribe of Oklahoma, beaded belts _ who held a high social status.问题1选项A.only by women were fashionedB.by women were fashioned onlyC.were fashioned only by womenD.were by women fashioned only【答案】C【解析】考查被动语态的用法。一般来说被动句式中的主语后面应该紧跟发生的动词，即被怎么样了，然后才是发出动作的人、物，即被谁怎么样，所以在这个顺序中，只有C是符合的。句意：在俄克拉何马州的奥赛治族印第安部落里，镶嵌串珠的腰带只能由社会地位较高的女性来制作。因此，该题正确答案为C。10.单选题The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies _ ill-informed or incompetent users.问题1选项A.inB.atC.withD.on【答案】C【解析】考查固定词组。A项lie in“在于，睡懒觉”，B项lie没有与at搭配的用法；C项lie with“取决于，是的权利”，D项lie on“位于，压迫，依赖”。句意：目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者没有考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。故正确答案为C。