考研考博-考博英语-西南大学考前自测提分卷95(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-西南大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living. The making and selling of drugs has a long history and is closely linked, like medical practice itself, with the belief in magic. Only during the last hundred years or so has the development of scientific techniques made it possible for some of the causes of symptoms to be understood, so that more accurate diagnosis has become possible. The doctor is now able to follow up the correct diagnosis of many illnesses with specific treatment of their causes. In many other illnesses, of which the causes remain unknown, it is still limited, like the unqualified prescribes, to the treatment of symptoms. The doctor is trained to decide when to treat symptoms only and when to attack the cause: this is the essential difference between medical prescribing and self-medication.The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some fields of medicine, including the development of scientific drug therapy. In many countries public health organization is improving and peoples nutritional standards have arisen. Parallel with such beneficial trends are two which have an adverse effect. One is the use of high-pressure advertising by the pharmaceutical industry, which has tended to influence both patients and doctors and has led to the overuse of drugs generally. The other is the emergence of the sedentary society with its faulty ways of life: lack of exercise, over-eating, unsuitable eating, insufficient sleep, excessive smoking and drinking. People with disorders arising from faulty habits such as these, as well as from unhappy human relationships, often resort to self-medication and so add the taking of pharmaceuticals to the list. Advertisers go to great lengths to catch this market.Clever advertising, aimed at chronic sufferers who will try anything because doctors have not been able to cure them, can induce such faith in a preparation, particularly if steeply priced, that it will produce-by suggestion-a very real effect in some people. Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by themselves within a short time.These are the main reasons why laxatives, indigestion remedies, painkillers, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households. It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a persons health; it may even make it worse. Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked and therefore medical help may not be sought.1.The first paragraph is intended to （ ）.2.Advertisements are aimed at people suffering from mild complaints because（ ）.3.Paragraphs 2 and 3 explain（ ）.4.In Paragraph 4 the author illustrates（ ）.5.The best title for the text would be（ ）.问题1选项A.suggest that self-medication has a long historyB.distinguish between medical prescribing and self-medicationC.praise doctors for their expertiseD.tell the symptoms from the causes问题2选项A.they often watch ads on TVB.they are more likely to buy the drugs advertisedC.they generally lead a sedentary lifeD.they dont take to sports and easily catch colds问题3选项A.that good things are not without side effectsB.why clever advertising is so powerfulC.why in modem times self-medication is still practicedD.why people develop faulty ways of life问题4选项A.the reasons for keeping medicines at homeB.peoples doubt about taking drugsC.why it may be worse to take drugs by oneselfD.the possible harms self-medication may do to people问题5选项A.Medical PracticeB.Clever AdvertisingC.Self-medicationD.Self-treatment【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.考察推理判断。文章第一段第一句occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living提到偶尔的自我治疗已经成了人们正常生活中的一部分，接下来又提到了由于近百年来科学技术的发展，使得制药跟买药的现象越来越普遍，这些都是说明自我治疗已经有一段很长的历史了。选项A符合题意。2.考察推理判断。文章第三段倒数第二句Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by themselves within a short time提到广告人将目标定在那些得感冒或者咳嗽的人身上，因为得这些小毛病的人都愿意在短时间内自行买药治疗，选项B符合题意。3.考察细节事实。文章第二段提到科技进步带动了医学的进步，但是医学进步又产生了两个不利的影响，一是各种医药广告盛行甚至导致过度服用药物，二是久坐不动的现象越发严重，人们不爱运动、过度饮食、抽烟等各种不好的生活习惯。文章第三段主要讲述了聪明的广告人针对有需要的人打广告。这两段讲述了由于生活习惯，由于广告的影响，人们愿意去买药物自行治疗。选项C符合题意。4.考察细节事实。文章第四段主要讲述了自我治疗是否会导致情况更遭：Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked and therefore medical help may not be sought，列举出了很多情况，比如购买的药物可能有不恰当的成分、使用者会依赖这些药物、使用者可能过去食用等等。选项D符合题意。5.考察主旨大意。文章第一段讲述了自我治疗的历史；第二段讲述了自我治疗出现的原因；第三段讲述了广告商对自我治疗产生的影响；第四段讲述了自我治疗有可能会引发的问题。由此可知，全文都是在讲述自我治疗。选项C符合题意。2.单选题Perhaps only a small boy training to be a wizard at the Hog warts school of magic could cast a spell so powerful as to create the biggest book launch ever. Wherever in the world the clock strikes midnight on June 20th, his followers will flock to get their paws on one of more than 10m copies ofHarry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Bookshops will open in the middle of the night and delivery firms are drafting in extra staff and bleater trucks. Relaxed toys, games, DVDs and other merchandise will be everywhere. There will be no escaping Pottennania.Yet Mr. Potters world is a curious one, in which things are often not what they appear. While an excitable media (hereby including The Economist, happy to support such a fine example of globalization) is helping to hype the launch of J.K. Rowlings fifth novel about the most adventurous thing that the publishers (Scholastic in America and Britains Bloomsbury in English elsewhere) have organized is a reading by Ms. Rowling in Londons Royal Albert Hail, to be broadcast as a Jive webcast. Hollywood, which owns everything else to do with Harry Potter, says it is doing even less. Incredible as it may seem, the guardians of the brand say that, to protect the Potter franchise, they are trying to maintain a low profile. Well, relatively low.Ms Rowling signed a contract in 1998 with Warner Brothers, part of AOL Time Warner, giving the studio exclusive film, licensing and merchandising rights in return for what now appears to have been a steal: some $500,000. Warner licenses other firms to produce goods using Harry Potter characters or images, from which Ms Rowling gets a big enough cut that she is now wealthier than the queen-if you believe Britains Sunday Times rich list. The process is self generating: each book sets the stage for a film, which boosts book sales, which lifts sales of Potter products.Globally, the first four Harry Potter books have sold some 200m copies in 55 languages; the two movies have grossed over $1.8 billion at the box office. This is a stunning success by any measure, especially as Ms Rowling has long demanded that Harry Potter should not be over commercialized, in line with her wishes, Warner says it is being extraordinarily careful, at least by Hollywood standards, about what it licenses and to whom. It imposed tough conditions on Coca Cola, insisting that no Harry Potter images should appear on cans, and is now in the process of making its licensing programme even more restrictive. Coke may soon be considered too mass market to carry the brand at all.The deal with Warner ties much of the merchandising to the films alone. There are no officially sanctioned products relating to Order of the Phoenix; nor yet for Harry Potter and Prisoner of Azkaban, the film of the third book, which is due out in June 2004. Warner agrees that Ms Rowlings creation is a different sort of commercial property, one with long-term potential that could be damaged by a typical Hollywood marketing blitz, says Diane Nelson, the studios global brand manager for Harry Potter. It is vital, she adds, that with more to come, readers of the bocks are not alienated. The evidence from our market research is that enthusiasm for the properly by fans is not waning.1.When the author says “there will be no escaping Potter mania”，he implies that （ ）.2.Ms Rowlings reading in Londons Royal Albert Hall is mentioned to show（ ）.3.The author believes that（ ）.4.Paragraph 4 intends mainly to flow Warners（ ）.5.It can be concluded from the last paragraph that（ ）.问题1选项A.Harry Potters appeal for the readers is simply irresistibleB.it is somewhat irrational to be so crazy about the magic boyC.craze about Harry Potter will not be over in the near futureD.Hogwarts school of magic will be the biggest attraction world over问题2选项A.publishers are really adventurous in managing the Potters businessB.businesses are actually more credible than media in Potters worldC.the media are promoting Pottermania more actively than HollywoodD.businesses involved with Potter are moving along in an unusual way问题3选项A.Britains Sunday Times rich list is not very convincing as it soundsB.Time Warners management of licenses is a bit over commerciatizedC.other firms may produce goods using Harry Potter images at willD.what Ms Rowling got in return for her offering to Warner is a real bargain问题4选项A.determination to promote PotterB.consistence in conducting businessC.high regard for Ms Rowlings requestD.careful restrictions on licensing to Coco-Cola问题5选项A.products of Potter films have brought enormous, profits to WarnerB.current Hollywoods marketing of Potter may damage its potentialC.readers could get tired of Ms Rowlings writings sooner or laterD.Warner will maintain the same strategy with Potter in future【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段讲述了哈利波特迷们的世界性狂热，没有人能够躲过哈利波特狂潮（Relaxed toys, games, DVDs and other merchandise will be everywhere. There will be no escaping Pottennania），说明哈利波特的吸引力极其强大。选项A“哈利波特的吸引力势不可挡”符合题意。2.文章第二段提到了罗琳应邀去朗读这件事是为了保持低调（Incredible as it may seem, the guardians of the brand say that, to protect the Potter franchise, they are trying to maintain a low profile），选项D符合题意。3.文章第三段提到罗琳与华纳兄弟签订一个五十万美元的合约，在作者看来in return for what now appears to have been a steal: some $500,000，作者称为 “steal”,选项D符合题意。4.文章第四段讲述了由于罗琳提出不能让哈利波特过于商业化（over commercialized） ，因此华纳兄弟公司按照罗琳所说的去做了，选项C符合题意。5.选项A可以从文章第四段推测出，并不是最后一段得出的，排除；作者对华纳兄弟的做法是予以支持的，所以选项B排除；从文章中可以看出哈利波特迷的热情有增无减，所以选项C排除。因此，选项D符合题意。3.翻译题Read the following passage into ChineseIt is well that young men should begin at the beginning and occupy the most subordinate positions. Many of the leading businessmen of Pittsburgh had a serious responsibility thrust upon them at the very threshold of their career. They were introduced to the broom, and spent the first hours of their business lives sweeping out the office. I notice we have janitors and janitresses now in offices, and our young men unfortunately miss that salutary branch of business education. But if by chance the professional sweeper is absent any morning, the boy who has the genius of the future partner in him will not hesitate to try his hand at the broom. It does not hurt the newest comer to sweep out the office if necessary I was one of those sweepers myself.【答案】年轻人从头做起，担任基层职位，这是件好事。匹兹堡很多有名望的商人在创业之初都身负重任。他们拿过扫把，最初都是清扫办公室。我注意到我们办公室清洁工人，这使得我们的年轻人不幸失去了一个受良好商业教训的机会。但是如果某天早晨碰巧那位清洁工人没有来，某位用于未来合伙人气质的年轻人会毫不犹豫地拿起扫把。如果有必要，新来的员工在办公室打扫并没有什么损失。我就一度自己打扫过。4.单选题The scientific method is the systematic pursuit of knowledge involving the identification of a problem, the collection of relevant data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses that aim to solve the problem. Ever since the scientific method became a way of learning about nature, including ourselves, some people have hailed science as the only way to comprehend natural phenomena, while others have questioned whether it is an appropriate road to knowledge. As science and technology have grown, the questioning has deepened and expanded.This is not to say that so-called scientific evidence is not a good way to vouchsafe truth. Scientists testimonies are used to endorse everything from toothpaste to nuclear power; however, they are also used to challenge the very same things. And this is where it gets tricky: “Scientific” support can now be elicited on all sides of every question, so that the public is constantly forced to decide which scientists to believe.Where then is the vaunted objectivity of science? People are realizing that they must either develop criteria on which to make these decisions (and to do so for each important issue) or decide to disbelieve all scientific explanations and look for other ways of knowing. Incidentally, these other ways are sometimes no less empirical than the scientific ones. The decision to disbelieve all scientific explanations is not to be sneered at. The volume, contradictoriness, and limited comprehensibility of much scientific information leave most people bewildered.I am reminded of the comment Virginia Woolf attributes to the time-traveling character in her novel Orlando, who mused as she enters an elevator at Marshall and Snelgroves department store in London in 1928: “The very fabric of life now. is magic. In the eighteenth century, we knew how everything was done; but here I rise through the air; I listen to voices in America; I see men flying - but how its done, I cant ever begin to wonder. So my belief in magic returns.”Not only the general public is ill at ease. Uneasy questions are being asked by scientists themselves. As one noted scientists has argued: The scientific community had lead a particularly unexamined life for a surprisingly long time, and may have accepted its unusual and, until recently, unquestioned status a little too easily. Indeed, in the last 25 years, in an effort to raise financial support at a rate nearly triple that of the rest of society, the scientific community may have promised too much too soon. Certainly it underestimated the demand for accountability.” And his scientist goes on: In all humility, it must. be admitted that it is impossible to categorically deny that we may have reached a point where we must abandon the faith that in all cases knowledge is better than ignorance. We simply lack the ability to make accurate predictions.1.In lines 4-6 (“some people, knowledge”), the author does which of the following?2.The examples in lines 9-10 (toothpaste.power9) are given to （ ）.3.Lines 16-18 (“The decision. bewildered”) serve primarily to（ ）.4.In the last sentence, the word “simply” most nearly means（ ）.5.The primary purpose of this passage as a whole is to（ ）.问题1选项A.Rationalizes a behaviorB.Advocates a course of actionC.Presents opposing viewpointsD.Voices doubt about an approach问题2选项A.criticize the widespread acceptance of certain productsB.mock the gullibility of the public in scientific mattersC.enumerate a number of mundane activities in which scientists are involvedD.convey the range of issues to which science is considered relevant问题3选项A.correct the inherent limitations of scientific thoughtB.decry the lack of scientific training among the general publicC.defend a position that might be challengedD.suggest the origins of a branch of science问题4选项A.foolishlyB.directlyC.basicallyD.easily问题5选项A.explore alternative ways of understanding natural phenomenonB.discuss the lack of humility that many scientists demonstrateC.challenge the findings of a particular group of scientistsD.question the scope and value of scientific understanding【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.考察作者意图。文章第一段第二句Ever since the scientific method became a way of learning about nature, including ourselves, some people have hailed science as the only way to comprehend natural phenomena, while others have questioned whether it is an appropriate road to knowledge提到科学方法成为了学习自然的方法，有些人认为科学是唯一能解释自然现象的手段，而有的人则质疑科学是不是能够合理获得知识。作者在这里就科学的作用这个问题提出了疑问，选项D符合题意。2.考察判断推理。文章第二段Scientists testimonies are used to endorse everything from toothpaste to nuclear power提到科学方法既可以用来解释像牙膏这种日常生活用品（成分、作用等），也可以用来解释核能。由此可以得知科学方法在某些方面来说上并没有权威性，但是人们却往往被这些所谓的科学解释所吸引，作者对此是持批判态度的。选项A符合题意。3.考察判断推理。文章第三段最后两句The decision to disbelieve all scientific explanations is not to be sneered at. The volume, contradictoriness, and limited comprehensibility of much scientific information leave most people bewildered提到不信科学解释不会被嘲笑，因为这些科学信息太多，有的还自相矛盾等，让人们感到困惑。这些都是科学思维的不足之处。选项A符合题意。4.考察词义。文章最后一段最后一句We simply lack the ability to make accurate predictions提到我们仅仅是缺少做精确预测的能力。选项C符合题意。5.考察作者意图。文章主要讲述了对于认识自然现象有些人认为科学是唯一的方法，而有的人则认为科学不可靠，作者在文章中提到不只普通民众对科学方法感到困惑，科学家有时候也会对自己提出的问题感到质疑（Not only the general public is ill at ease. Uneasy questions are being asked by scientists themselves）。由此可推断作者在探索一种更好的方法来解释自然现象。选项A符合题意。5.单选题In the new age of employment, New Zealand executives with skills to sell are increasingly creating their own future. In practical terms, this means that complains, which expect their staff to give their soul to the company, may be disappointed. New-age executives want to be the keeper of their own souls. Enlightened chief executives know that executives who give 100 percent arent necessarily the best people to have in the company.The latest catch phrase for this new approach is “Balanced employment,” which in the future will become the yardstick by which prospective employees judge companies. Smart companies are right now creating an environment that will attract the skills they need. There will be a skill shortage in many countries in the next century. The people with skills that companies need are looking for an enjoyable working environment that recognizes the whole person. They do not want a comer office; they want freedom. They want to have plenty of holidays to do their own thing.The implications for management styles are profound. Tomorrows executives will be not on productivity, cold on arbitrary work patterns. For the new breed, a 70-hour working week isnt something to boast about, if its an admission of lousy time management. Executives recruitment agencies report that more and more people are asking first about the flexibility of the companys working arrangements and only second about salary packages. The salary package wasnt unimportant but came well behind what might be called the whole details of the job. Employees who work for organizations that give them flexibility develop an incredible sense of loyalty. Because they love their work, they develop a very strong tie with their company. In return, this adds up to the creation of an environment, which not only attracts staff but keeps them, too.Furthermore, manufacturers have tried to install humanity in the workplace. Best-selling books by Dr. Dyer have encouraged employees to think of themselves as creative individuals in the workplace and not as cogs in a corporate mill.1.Executives who give 100 percent arent necessarily the best people to have the company because（ ）.2.The company is popular if it has（ ）.3.Which is NOT true about balanced employment?4.The sentence “Manufacturers have tried to install humanity in the workplace” (Para.4) means