考研考博-考博英语-中南大学考前自测提分卷98(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中南大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Our biological uniqueness requires that the effects of a substance must be verified by （ ）experiments, even after thousands of tests of the effects of that substance on animals.问题1选项A.evolutionaryB.humanC.randomD.replicated【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。evolutionary进化的，发展的；human人类的；random任意的，胡乱的；replicated重复的。句意：我们生物的唯一性要求一种物质的效用必须被人类实验所证明，甚至是在经过对该物质在动物身上千万次的试验以后。根据句意可知B项符合题意。2.单选题Some works of literature hold ones interest in the very last page, but others serves only as a （ ）, to be kept handily at a bedside table.问题1选项A.reminderB.referenceC.decorationD.soporific【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reminder 提醒者；reference 参考书，参考文献； decoration装饰；soporific 催眠剂。句意：有些文学作品自始至终都十分吸引人，但有些文学作品只起参考书的作用，为了方便查阅而放在床边小茶几上。由but及空格后的内容可知B项符合句意。3.单选题The publishing world would be badly hit if politicians did not （ ）their diaries from time to time showing just how they reacted at the time to particular world events.问题1选项A.part withB.bring forthC.lay outD.turn to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项part with“与 分开；舍弃”；B选项bring forth“产生；发表”；C选项lay out“展示；安排”；D选项turn to“转向；求助于；致力于”。句意：如果政客们没有不时 当时对世界大事的反应，那么出版界将受到严重打击。由句意可知，出版界的新闻来源之一与“政客对世界大事的反应”有关，“发表意见”符合语境。因此B选项正确。4.翻译题Read the following short paragraph carefully and then translate it into English.预言未来的经济是困难的事情。美国人逐渐意识到他们自己是在一种全球化经 济中竞争，而且他们将不断经历经济的好转和低迷。不过有一件事情可以确定的是，美国关于财富的传统观念已经对人民的生活水平和价值观产生了深远的影响。而因为美国 人对于财富持续增长的观念已经深深扎根于他们的信仰系统，所以财富的衰退的现状会 对他们产生严重的挫伤。不过即便是经济的衰退，很难说对他们所持的理念带来太多的 作用，相反也许会产生积极的竞争和促进作用。【答案】It is difficult to predict the future economy. Americans have come to realized that they are competing in a global economy and that they will continue to experience economic upturns and downturns. One thing is certain, however, that Americas traditional view of wealth have had a profound effect on its peoples living standards and values. Americans belief that wealth will continue to rise have deeply rooted in their belief system, hence the current decline in wealth can be a serious setback for them. But even a recession would hardly do much on their ideas; instead, it may produce positive competition and facilitation.5.单选题Heat is nothing more than the energy of atoms in motion; so, if you can slow down atoms, you are cooling them（ ）.问题1选项A.in effectB.next toC.at randomD.in hand【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项in effect“实际上；生效”；B选项next to“几乎，差不多；紧挨着”；C选项at random“胡乱地；随便地；任意地”；D选项in hand“在手头；在进行中；在控制中”。句意：热只不过是原子运动的能量；所以，如果你能使原子慢下来，你 是在给它们降温。由句意判断可知，此处“实际上你是在给它们降温”与前半句“热只不过是原子运动的能量”逻辑通顺。因此A选项正确。6.单选题Nowadays more and more people are interested in arranging time for exercises and （ ）to release the stress caused by the fast pace and pressure of their lives.问题1选项A.registrationB.illuminationC.mediationD.meditation【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。registration 登记；挂号；illumination 照明；阐明；mediation 调解；调停；meditation 冥想；沉思。句意：如今越来越多的人对安排时间锻炼和冥想感兴趣，为了释放生活的快节奏所带来的精神压力。只有D项符合题意。7.单选题Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspective on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes X-rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny details; it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world.The dream of building an X-ray microscope dates to 1895; its development, however, was virtually halted in the 1940s because the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly. During the 1940s,electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope, while the performance of X-ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however, interest in X-ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of X-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions of times that of X-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only available sources of soft X-rays.The new X-ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by optical microscopes. They can also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements. Some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three-dimensional imaging. Unlike conventional electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy enables specimens to be kept in air and in water, which means that biological samples can be studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination used, so-called soft X rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms (an angstrom is one ten-billionth of a meter), is also sufficiently penetrating to image intact biological cells in many cases. Because of the wavelength of the X rays used, soft X-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light-and electron-based instruments.1.What is the theme does the passage mainly discuss?2.Why does the author mention the visible-light microscope in the first paragraph?3.Why did it take so long to develop the X-ray microscope?4.Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about X-ray microscopes in the future?问题1选项A.The detail seen through a microscope.B.Outdated microscopic techniques.C.Sources of illumination for microscopes.D.A new kind of microscope问题2选项A.To put the X-ray microscope in a historical perspective.B.To begin a discussion of sixteenth-century discoveries.C.To show how limited its uses are.D.To explain how it functioned.问题3选项A.Funds for research were insufficient.B.The source of illumination was not bright enough until recently.C.Materials used to manufacture X-ray tubes were difficult to obtain.D.X-ray microscopes were too complicated to operate.问题4选项A.They will probably replace electron microscope altogether.B.They will eventually be much cheaper to produce than they are now.C.They will provide information not available from other kinds of microscopes.D.They will eventually change the illumination range that they now use.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。由第一段“Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes X-rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny details; it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world. 现在，另一种显微镜，利用x射线而不是光或电子，提供了一种观察微小细节的不同方法;它应该把人类的感知能力进一步扩展到自然界。”及第二段“The dream of building an X-ray microscope dates to 1895; 制造x射线显微镜的梦想可以追溯到1895年”可知本文讲的是一种新的显微镜，故D项正确。2.判断推理题。定位第一段中“Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspective on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. 显微技术的每一个进步都给科学家提供了新视角对生物体的功能和物质本身的性质。”及“The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. 16世纪晚期可视光学显微镜的发明引入了单细胞植物和动物的未知领域。在二十世纪，电子显微镜提供了对病毒和微小表面结构的直接观察。”可知提及可见光显微镜的目的是 “从历史的角度来看待x射线显微镜”故A项正确。3.细节事实题。定位第二段中“In recent years, however, interest in X-ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of X-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions of times that of X-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only available sources of soft X-rays. 然而，近年来，人们对x射线显微镜的兴趣又复活了，这在很大程度上是由于x射线照明新光源等技术的发展。结果，今天可用的亮度是x射线管的数百万倍，在本世纪的大部分时间里，x射线管是唯一可用的软x射线源。可知B项“直到最近，光源才足够明亮。”正确，ACD三项都没有提及。答案B。4.判断推理题。定位最后一段中 “Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light-and electron-based instruments. 相反，它们的特殊性质将使研究成为可能，这将补充那些用光和电子仪器进行的研究。可知C项“X射线将提供其他种类的显微镜无法提供的信息。”正确。8.单选题The quantum theory states （ ）, as light, is given off and absorbed in definite units called quanta or photons.问题1选项A.energy thatB.that it is energyC.it is energyD.that energy【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句。states是谓语，后面接一个句子做宾语。宾语从句需要一个引导词that, 另外 宾语从句还缺少主语，故D项正确。句意：量子理论认为，能量，比如光，是以量子或光子的基本单位来释放和吸收的。9.单选题A war, even if fought for individual liberty and democratic rights, usually requires that these principles be suspended, for they are （ ）the regimentation and discipline necessary for military efficiency.问题1选项A.contrary toB.incompatible withC.fulfilled throughD.disruptive of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。be contrary to “与 相反”；be fulfilled through “通过来实现”；be incompatible with “与 不兼容”；be disruptive of “对 造成破坏的”。句意：即使是为了个人自由和民主权力而战，战争通常要求这些原则被暂停，因为它们与作战效率所需的严格控制和纪律不相容。由these principles be suspended可知这些原则与作战纪律不相容，故B项正确。10.写作题Write an essay of about 300 words on the topic Personal Qualities and Values in My Viewaccording to the idea given below and outlineed in Chinese.一个人的素养和价值是人生奋斗中发展和积累起来的一对因子。前者决定着你融入 社会的个体形态：诸如品行、学识、待人和处世的品味和方式；价值取决于你对社会产 生的影响和贡献，有隐性的受人尊重和爱戴，有显性的成就和地位。请你从自己的感受 和体验谈谈你对这对人生因子的评价和想法，也设想一下四十年后你会对自己的评价和总结。【答案】略