考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考前自测提分卷63(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题McDonalds, Greggs, KFC and Subway are today named as the most littered brands in England as Keep Britain Tidy called on fast-food companies to do more to tackle customers who drop their wrappers and drinks cartons (盒子)in the streets.Phil Barton, chief executive of Keep Britain Tidy, 1 its new Dirty Pig campaign, said it was the first time it had investigated which brands made up “littered England” and the same names appeared again and again. “We condemn people for dropping this fast food litter in the first place but also believe the results have 2 messages for the fast food industry. McDonalds, Greggs, KFC and Subway need to do more to 3 littering by their customers.”He recognized efforts made by McDonalds, including placing litter bins and increasing litter patrols, but its litter 4 “all too prevalent”. All fast food chains should reduce unnecessary packaging, he addeD.Companies could also reduce prices for those who stayed to eat food on their premises, offer money-off vouchers or other 5 for those who returned packaging and put more bins at 6 points in local streets, not just outside their premises. A spokesman for McDonalds said: “We do our best. Obviously we ask all our customers to 7 of litter responsibly.” Trials of more extensive, all-day litter patrols were under 8 in Manchester and Birmingham. KFC said it took its 9 for litter management “very seriously”, and would introduce a program to reduce packaging on many products. Subway said that it worked hard to 10 the impact of litter on communities, but it was “still down to the individual customer to dispose of their litter responsibly”. Greggs said it recognized the “continuing challenge for us all”, despite having already taken measures to help tackle the issue.问题1选项A.releasingB.dischargingC.foundingD.launching问题2选项A.coherentB.pertinentC.consistentD.redundant问题3选项A.discourageB.forbidC.persuadeD.damage问题4选项A.continuedB.indicateC.remainedD.left问题5选项A.incentiveB.premisesC.stimulusD.proximity问题6选项A.convenientB.strategicC.nearD.eye-catching问题7选项A.proposeB.dissolveC.handleD.dispose问题8选项A.wayB.constructionC.pressureD.government问题9选项A.shoulderB.burdenC.turnD.responsibility问题10选项A.resolveB.dissolveC.minimizeD.dilute【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A第6题:B第7题:D第8题:A第9题:D第10题:C【解析】1.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 release “释放；放出；放走；放开；松开；使自由移动（或飞翔、降落等）；发泄；宣泄”；B选项 discharge “卸货；排出”；C选项 found “创办（组织）；建立（国家）；以为基础；熔化”；D选项 launching “发射；发动；开始从事”。根据上下文，以及关键字new Dirty Pig campaign“新的脏猪运动”判断出此处表达“发起运动”，D选项正确。2.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 coherent “连贯的，一致的；明了的；清晰的”；B选项 pertinent “相关的，相干的；中肯的；切题的”；C选项 consistent “始终如一的，一致的；坚持的”；D选项 redundant “多余的，过剩的；被解雇的，失业的；冗长的，累赘的”。根据上下文，以及关键字for the fast food industry“快餐业”判断出此处表达“和有关的”，B选项正确。3.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 discourage “阻止；使气馁”；B选项 forbid “禁止；不准；不允许；正式严禁”；C选项 persuade “说服，劝说；使某人相信；劝某人做（不做）某事”；D选项 damage “损害，毁坏”。根据上下文，以及关键字littering by their customers“阻止顾客乱扔垃圾”判断出此处表达“阻止”，A选项正确。4.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 continued “继续，延续；仍旧，连续”；B选项 indicate “表明；指出；预示；象征”；C选项 remain “保持；依然；留下；剩余；逗留；残存”；D选项 leave “离开”。根据上文 “He recognized efforts made by McDonalds, including placing litter bins and increasing litter patrols”，中文翻译为：他肯定了麦当劳所做的努力，包括设立垃圾箱和增加垃圾巡逻。以及空格后“all too prevalent” ，中文翻译为“太普遍了”判断出此处C选项正确。5.考查名词词义辨析。A选项 incentive “动机；刺激；鼓励”；B选项 premise “前提；经营场址；房屋；契约前言”；C选项 stimulus “刺激；激励；刺激物”；D选项 proximity “接近，数邻近；接近；接近度，距离；亲近”。根据上文 “offer money-off vouchers”，中文翻译为：提供折价券，判断出A选项正确。6.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 convenient “方便的；近便的；实用的”；B选项 strategic “战略上的，战略的”；C选项 near “近的，靠近的；接近的；近似的；不久的；近亲的；小气的”；D选项 eye-catching “引人注目的；耀眼的；显著的”。空格处 “put more bins at points in local streets, not just outside their premises ”，中文大意为：在当地街道上的点（而不仅仅是店外）放置更多垃圾箱。可知B选项正确。7.考查固定搭配。A选项 propose“建议；打算，计划；求婚”；B选项 dissolve“溶解；解散；消失”；C选项 handle “处理，应付（局势、人、工作或感情）；（用手）触，拿，搬动；控制，操纵（车辆、动物、工具等）”；D选项 dispose “处理；处置；安排；使倾向于”。根据上下文，以及固定搭配dispose of“丢掉，清除”可知D选项正确。8.考查固定搭配。A选项 way “方法；道路；方向；行业；习惯”；B选项construction “建设；建筑物；解释；造句”；C选项pressure “压力；压迫，物 压强”；D选项government “政府；政体；管辖”。under way“进行着；航行中”，A选项正确。9.考查名词词义辨析。A选项 shoulder “肩，肩膀；肩部”；B选项burden “负担；责任；船的载货量”；C选项turn “转弯；变化；（损害或有益于别人的）行为，举动，举止”；D选项responsibility “责任，职责；义务”。联系下文 “and would introduce a program to reduce packaging on many products” ，以及固定搭配take responsibility for对负责 ，可知D选项正确。10.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 resolve “决定；溶解；使分解；决心要做”；B选项 dissolve “使溶解；使分解；使液化”；C选项 minimize “使减到最少；小看，极度轻视”；D选项 dilute “稀释，冲淡；削弱；变稀薄，变淡”。根据下文 “the impact of litter on communities” 可知C选项正确。2.单选题The Haunted AmericaCountries are like little homes; they house a nation, hold ideologies and provides shelter and comfort to its people in hopes that the occupants will nurture better ideas for themselves and further flourish humanity. Such are primary desires and goals of most countries on this small planet.America is no exception. For decades, billions of people around the world slept at night on empty stomachs amidst dreadful circumstances, often dreaming of the freedoms and liberties of America, which they likened to a great land, a paradise and a final destination point.The best and brightest of the world gravitated to the great USA in search of golden opportunities; in hordes they came, and en masse they settleD.America became the nation which acknowledged greatness and provided the driving force to allow the dreams of small, ordinary people to take form and flourish. Free from restrictions, allowing grand expressions with extraordinary liberties, that no other nation in the history of mankind has been able to match at such a grand scale.But currently, it seems that this home of the American nation has started to resemble that old mansion, elegantly pristine （质朴的） but known to be haunted, sitting at the end of that dead-end street where ghosts, mysterious apparitions （幽灵）and unexplainable signs have emergeD.This planet, like an old street, is already full of such haunted houses, which at times seem abandoned, lifeless and unable to give or receive neighborly warmth; factors so critical for any country on the global scene.Can this badly damaged image of America be fixed today and by whom and at what cost? What must it include a new costume, a new mask or a new heart? These are very important underlying questions, but the biggest question remains can an entire country be branded to the rest of the world in the same fashion as a breakfast cereal or laundry detergent?The answer is a flat no. Only the branding-circus would come up with such a fake, superficial, logo-centric-slogan-happy attempt to rebuild a nation painted with banners and billboards. In reality, countries cannot be branded in such a simple process from the past, because nations are already branded over decades and centuries by their histories and cultural interactions and exportable identities.1. America used to be thought of as_.2. America is now likened to_.3. The writer suggests that_.4. According to the passage that _ is NOT true.5. The main rhetorical device of this passage is _.问题1选项A.a paradise without autocratic rulingB.a place of perfect happinessC.a land of marvelous chancesD.all of the above问题2选项A.an elegant and plain houseB.an old dead-end streetC.an old haunted mansionD.an abandoned and lifeless planet问题3选项A.costume and heart have the same functionB.laundry detergent shares the fashion of the countrys brandC.history establishes a brand for its countryD.logo and slogan play a key role in shaping a country问题4选项A.a country should develop better politicallyB.depressed people in the world yearned for AmericaC.there are many haunted houses in AmericaD.America cannot be identified with its tradition问题5选项A.simile and metaphorB.parallelismC.echo-questionD.description【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“For decades, billions of people around the world slept at night on empty stomachs amidst dreadful circumstances, often dreaming of the freedoms and liberties of America, which they likened to a great land, a paradise and a final destination point.”中文翻译为：几十年来，世界上有数十亿人在可怕的环境中饿着肚子睡觉，经常梦想着美国的自由和自由，他们把美国比作一块伟大的土地，一个天堂和一个最终的目的地。以及第三段“Free from restrictions, allowing grand expressions with extraordinary liberties, that no other nation in the history of mankind has been able to match at such a grand scale.”中文翻译为：不受限制，允许以非凡的自由发表伟大的言论，在人类历史上没有任何其他国家能够在如此大的规模上匹敌。故判断出答案选D。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第四段 “But currently, it seems that this home of the American nation has started to resemble that old mansion, elegantly pristine but known to be haunted, sitting at the end of that dead-end street where ghosts, mysterious apparitions and unexplainable signs have emerged.”中文翻译为：但目前看来，这个美国国家的家园似乎开始像那座古老的宅邸，优雅质朴，但众所周知是闹鬼，坐落在那条死胡同的街道尽头，那里出现了鬼魂、神秘的幽灵和无法解释的迹象。可知，A项正确，译为“一所雅致朴素的房子”。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文倒数第一段“In reality, countries cannot be branded in such a simple process from the past, because nations are already branded over decades and centuries by their histories and cultural interactions and exportable identities.”中文翻译为：实际上，国家不可能在如此简单的过去过程中就打上烙印，因为国家的历史和文化互动以及可出口的特性已经在几十年甚至几百年的时间里打上烙印。可知，C项正确，译为“历史为国家树立了品牌”。4.细节事实题。由C选项“美国有许多鬼屋”可以定位到原文倒数第三段中“But currently, it seems that this home of the American nation has started to resemble that old mansion, elegantly pristine （质朴的） but known to be haunted, sitting at the end of that dead-end street where ghosts, mysterious apparitions （幽灵）and unexplainable signs have emerged.” 中文翻译为：但目前看来，这个美国民族的家园似乎开始像那座古旧的豪宅，优雅质朴，但众所周知是闹鬼，坐落在那条死胡同的尽头，那里有鬼魂、神秘的幽灵和无法解释的迹象。可知此处是一个比喻，故C选项不正确，符合题意。5.推理判断题。A. simile and metaphor “明喻和暗喻”；B. parallelism “平行；类似，对应”；C. echo-question “反问”；D. description “说明”。本文主要用的是比喻，因此可以推测出A选项正确。3.单选题Cambridge University was easily _, and he returned there to begin his major research activities.问题1选项A.accessibleB.attributableC.attainableD.attachable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 accessible “易接近的；可进入的；可理解的”；B选项 attributable “可归于的；可归属的”；C选项 attainable “可得到的；可达到的；可到达的”；D选项 attachable “可附上的；可连接的；可逮捕的；可没收的”。句意：剑桥大学很容易进入，他回到那里开始了他的主要研究活动。根据句意可知A选项正确。4.写作题Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the way people communicate with each other? Has this become a positive or negative development? You must write logically and show your clear point of view with sufficient supporting points. You may make use of any relevant examples from your knowledge or experience. You should have your own title and write at least 200 words.【答案】略。5.单选题Air attacks in Afghanistan are focused on airports and training camps to avoid civilian _.问题1选项A.involvementB.rebellionC.casualtiesD.anguish【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项involvement “参与；牵连；包含；混乱；财政困难” ；B选项rebellion “叛乱；反抗；谋反”；C选项 casualties“伤亡；人员伤亡”；D选项anguish“痛苦；苦恼”。句意：阿富汗的空袭主要集中在机场和训练营，以避免平民的。可推测为了不使平民受到伤亡，所以阿富汗的空袭主要集中在机场和训练营。结合此处语境，C选项正确。6.单选题The subject of safety must be placed at the top of the _.问题1选项A.agendaB.bulletinC.routineD.timetable【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项agenda“议程；日常工作事项；日程表”；B选项bulletin“公告，公报”；C选项routine“常规，惯例；生活乏味；（演出中的）一套动作；（计算机）例行程序”；D选项timetable “时间表；时刻表；课程表”。句意：安全问题必须放在议程的首位。结合此处语境，A选项正确。7.单选题Are we going to see an end to the Arab-Israeli disagreement?问题1选项A.disasterB.controversyC.confrontationD.aggression【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 disaster“灾难；灾祸；不幸”；B选项controversy “辩论”；C选项confrontation“对抗；对峙”；D选项 aggression“侵略；侵犯；侵害”。句意：我们会看到阿拉伯和以色列的分歧结束吗。A选项 disaster（灾难）不能形容两个国家的分歧。B选项controversy（辩论），可以排除。D选项aggression（侵犯），这里并没有体现两个国家的侵略。C选项confrontation（对峙）最符合题意，由此得知C选项正确。8.单选题There are many ways to recycle used materials, for example, _ rubber from old tires.问题1选项A.detectingB.declaringC.reclaimingD.requiring【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 detect “察觉；发现；探测”；B选项 declare “宣布，声明；断言，宣称”；C选项 reclaim “开拓；回收再利用；改造某人，使某人悔改；抗议，喊叫”；D选项 require “需要；要求；命令”。句意：有很多方法回收使用过的材料，例如，从旧轮胎中回收橡胶。结合此处语境，C选项正确。9.单选题In many countries now, smoking is not _ in public places.问题1选项A.permissiveB.permutableC.perniciousD.permissible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项permissive“宽容的”；B选项 permutable “可排列的；能交换的”； C选项 pernicious“ 有害的；恶性的；致命的；险恶的”；D选项 permissible“可允许的；获得准许的”。句意：在许多国家，吸烟在公共场所是不。结合句意，A，B，C选项可以排除，D选项permissible（可允许的；获得准许的）最符合语意，吸烟在公众场合是不被允许的，因此选项D正确。10.单选题It is Mr. York who bangs the drum in John Kirkpatricks apparently authentic, and certainly suitable band music.问题1选项A.genuineB.reliableC.honestD.automatic【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 genuine “真实的，真正的；诚恳的”；B选项 reliable “可靠的；可信赖的”；C选项 honest “诚实的，实在的；可靠的；坦率的”；D选项 automatic “自动的；无意识的；必然的”。句意：约克先生在约翰柯克帕特里克(John Kirkpatrick)的音乐中敲起了鼓，这显然是真实的，当然也是合适的乐队音乐。结合此处关键词 authentic “真正的，真实的；可信的”，得知A为正确答案。