中考英语作文面面观

中考英语作文面面观-记叙文时间：2009年03月11日作者：匿名来源：网络 记叙文是记人叙事的文章，它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果，即我们通常所说的五个“ W ”（ what, who, when, where, why ）和一个“ H ”（ how ）。记叙文的重点在于“述说”和“描写”，因此一篇好的记叙文要叙述条理清楚，描写生动形象。下面就谈谈英语记叙文的特点和写好记叙文的基本要领。 一、记叙文的特点1. 叙述的人称英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者，使人读后感到真实可信，如身临其境。如：The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it.用第三人称叙述，优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制，而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者，直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前，文章的客观性很强。如： Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard. On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover. Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short. What could he do? Then he had a good idea.2. 动词的时态在记叙文中，记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高，且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的，这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化，正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。3. 叙述的顺序记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙，都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作，较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙，读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果，让所叙之事跌宕起伏，使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃，从而为文章所吸引，深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当，则容易弄巧成拙，使文章结构散乱，头绪不清，让读者不知所云。4. 叙述的过渡过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如：In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things. Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao. It is really a beautiful city. There are many places of interest to see. But what impressed me most was the sunrise.The next morning I got up early. I was very happy because it was a fine day. By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red. In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing. The sun was very red, not shining. It rose slowly. At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball. At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright.What a moving and unforgettable scene!5. 叙述与对话引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述，可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态，使记叙生动、有趣，使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果：I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something. Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front. I thought maybe someone was knocking the door. I asked who it was but I heard no reply. After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor. I realized it was the cat. I felt released.这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字，但经作者这么一写，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式，没有人物语言，把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整：I was in the kitchen cooking something. Crash! a loud noise came from the front. Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, Who? No reply. After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor. Its you. I said, quite released.二、写好记叙文的基本要领1. 头绪分明，脉络清楚写好记叙文，首先要头绪分明，脉络清楚，明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析，弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程，然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”，但动笔之前，围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。2. 突出中心，详略得当在文章的框架确定后，对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍，应该从表现文章主题的需要出发，分清主次，定好详略。要突出重点，详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节，略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化，使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题，也需要一定的技巧。如：One night a man came to our house and told me, There is a family with eight children. They have not eaten for days. I took some food with me and went.When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured （破坏外貌） by hunger. There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger.I gave the rice to the mother. She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice. When she came back, I asked her, Where did you go? she gave me this simple answer, To my neighbors they are hungry also!3. 用活语言，准确生动记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动，又要表现力强，这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动，其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。原文：One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away. He was soon lost among people and traffic. He could not find the way back home and started crying. Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying. They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened. Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived. The two students decided to take him home. Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound. She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didnt take it. She served them with tea but they left.修改后：The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street. After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home. But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic. When he could not find the way home, he started and crying. Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop. They immediately went up to him.Little boy, why are you standing here crying? they asked.I want Mom, I go home. said the boy, still crying.Dont worry, well send you home.And they spent the next two hours looking for the boys house. With the help of a policeman, they finally found it.When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house. Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea.中考英语作文面面观-命题作文时间：2009年03月11日作者：匿名来源：网络 命题作文就是我们依据所给题目,确定中心,选择材料,写出符合题意,内容表达具体、充分的文章。写命题作文通常要注意以下几点：一、审准题目:文章的中心要对题目的分析来确定,一定要弄清主题的内涵,确立与文章联系的主题思想,表达不能游离于主题,否则即使内容再精彩,也是跑题作文,得分将会大打折扣,因此,写命题作文最重要的是先审清题目,确立要表现的中心。二、构思结构:就是开放思路,启动联想,构想表现形式,勾勒出文章的结构层次,依次写出引言段,主题句,发展段和结尾句,努力使之新颖,别致。三、选择材料:这一点很重要,一定要围绕想表现的中心去选择组织材料,所选的材料必须典型精要。四、表达:就是用最确切明了的语言贯穿材料,表达自己的思想,力争用符合英语语法规则。英语表达习惯,最顺畅自然的词,句,段去表达中心思想,与表现中心无关的话即使再生动形象也不要去写。就写作的目的表现形式来看,命题作文分为三种形式:1、记叙文类;2、说明文类; 3、议论文类。下面就谈一谈记叙文的写作记叙文就是以记叙人物的经历或事物发展变化过程为主的一种文章。在初中写作训练中,记叙文是最基本,最常见,最重要的书面表达形式。记叙文有六要素即指时间,地点,人物和事件的起因,经过和结果。一篇记叙文只要把这些要素写清楚,文章就会内容具体, 眉目清晰,中心意思明确。一般情况下,这六要素中的人物,时间,地点作为开端,要写在文章的开头。事件,原因常作为记叙文的段落发展,又称为文章的主体部分,应该放在文章的中间。结果作为记叙文的结局常放在文章的末尾处。 记叙文从写作的线索上来看,有三种表现形式：1、以人物为主,围绕人物组织材料。2、以事物为中心,围绕事件组织材料或围绕事件写人。3、以写景状物,描写为主。写好记叙文应注意以下几点:1、明确写作目的:写文章的目的就是确切表达一个中心思想,文章的一切内容应自始自终地为展开中心服务。2、选择细节材料:选择好的细节材料就是为了更好地表现主题,所选择的材料要有代表性,典型性。写作内容要详略得当,主要情节应详细写,次要内容要简略或概述。1)关于写人物,一般要把某人的年龄,外貌和性格特征,人物行为,心理活动等方面简要概括出来。同时要略加点评或感想。2)关于写事件,事件是记叙的核心,往往有它的起因,经过和结局。写事件要比较详细地交代事情的来龙去脉,同时要重点突出,表达精练,防止渲染。3、恰当的选择写作方法:记叙文的写作方法就是指写作的顺序,文章先写什么,后写什么都要有一定顺序。中考经典展示：(1) 以My Mother为题写一篇短文。(2003扬州) 内容要点:1.我的妈妈是护士,工作努力。2.上个月去北京,抗击SARS (fight against)。3.一个月没有回来。4.保护我们免受侵害。5.我爱妈妈,为妈妈自豪。标题已给出，要求1.写清时间 2.要点要完整 3.可适当增加内容 4.字数在60个词左右 (2)班会上,老师要求每位同学用英语介绍自己的一位朋友,请你根据所提供的要点为题写一篇短文。(2003南京)要点:1. Who is he / she。2. When and where did you get to know him / her。3. Why do you like him / her。注意:1.文章的开头和结尾已给出(不计入词数) 2.词数60-80,须包括以上要点,可适当增加细节使短文意思通畅。3.条理清楚,语意连贯,句式规范,字迹工整。4.文中不得出现真实的人名。校名等相关信息。写作实践范例以My Chinese Teacher为标题写一篇字数为80-100之间的英语短文。提示内容如下:1、孙老师今年36岁,中等身材。2、她关心。热爱学生,工作认真负责。3、她语文课讲得生动。有趣。My Chinese TeacherOf all the subjects, I like Chinese best because I have a good Chinese teacher. Though she has been teaching us for only three years, I respect and love her very much.My Chinese teacher is thirty-six years old and she is neither tall nor short.Ms Sun works very hard. She is always the first to come and the last to leave her office. She tries to make her classes lively and interesting. And we enjoy her lessons very much.Ms Sun is very kind and friendly to us. And were getting on well with each other. But she is very strict with us in our studies.Ms Sun teaches us so well that we all enjoy learning Chinese. All the students think she is one of the most popular teachers in our school.新题导练请以My Classmate为标题写一篇记叙文要求:1、主题明确。语言流畅。思路清晰。 2、字数在100字以内。思路点拨写记叙文要按照事物发展的客观规律叙述,所叙述的内容要交代清楚,条理清晰,重点突出,主次分明,详略得当。这篇文章也是记叙文,主人公应该用第三人称,时态以一般过去时为主。本文以主人公为中心线索,以一、两件事件为重点内容去组织材料,反映主人公的形象特征。整个内容情节要合情合理,有真实感,叙述时可按事情发展的顺序进行,同时加以点评。参考范文My ClassmateLiu Kai is my classmate. He is a good student and always ready to help others.One day on his way to school, he saw a little girl crossing the road. A car was coming towards her quickly and the girl was too frightened to move. The car nearly hit her. Just then LiuKai rushed up to her and caught her by the arm. The little girl was saved. She told him where she lived, and he took her home. When LiuKai hurried into the classroom, the teacher had already begun his lesson. He told the teacher why he was late. He was then praised for what he had done.看图作文要求考生按照所给图画，通过合理的联想将一组画面的内容正确地表达出来。看图作文与其他类型作文的不同之处在于，它除了要求考生有英语语言表达能力，还要求考生有观察能力、分析能力和想象能力。写好看图作文应注意的事项1、结合文字提示，正确理解图意。一般情况下，看图作文在提供图画的同时也附带有简要的文字提示，我们可以利用文字提示去正确地理解图意，得到要点。切忌孤立地看图而忽视文字提示。写作从图画的细节出发。所谓细节，就是指图画中的人物、事件、地点、环境、时间、动作等。依据图画细节，就可以把图画的内容用英语具体而生动地表达出来了。（三）例题分析（例题）同学们，看到下面的四幅图片及相应的报道后，你感到最担忧的是哪两种情形？请简述你担忧的理由并提出建议或希望。要求： 从所给素材中任选两种情形进行阐述，不可多选或少选。 条理清楚，意思连贯，语句通顺，标点正确； 词数 80 100。参考词汇： 建议 suggest v. suggestion n.气体 gas n. 污染 pollution n.THE POLLUTIONS One third of the worlds people dont have enough clean water. More and more diseases are caused by polluted air. People are disturbed quite often by kinds of noises. Every person in our city makes about 1.8 kilos of rubbish every day.这道看图作文题，主题和图片连接得不是很紧密。从考查的形式上来说，虽是看图，实质上却属于提示性的作文。这个作文应该结合个人的观点，选择的余地还是很大的。做这个题应该注意几个方面：1、认真读题。注意，题目虽然给了四幅图，但是却只要求写其中的两个就行。2、题意要求的是阐述个人的观点-最担忧的两种情形。而不是对图片进行描述。3、结合所给的提示。提示中，对每种污染都进行了阐述，考生可以这些描述进行写作。4、注意字数，语法，拼写等，避免错误。下面是两个例文，大家可以参考一下。One possible version:The environment is becoming worse and worse. There are many kinds of pollution I worry about. The most serious two are water pollution and air pollution, because people cant live healthily with dirty water and polluted air, nor can animals. More and more diseases are caused by polluted air.I think factories should not pour dirty water into the river directly or produce more waste gas. Wed better go on foot or by like instead of by car, because more cars mean more waste gas. We should make our world more and more beautiful.Another possible version:The first fact I worry about is noise pollution. People cant sleep well if there is too much noise. Thats why so many people prefer to live in the countryside rather than live in the noisy city. I suggest all the factories and cars shouldnt make terrible noises. If they make terrible noise that isnt allowed, they will be fined, and we can also produce the cars which cant make terrible noise.The other pollution is rubbish pollution. If everyone makes so much rubbish, one day we may live in a world filled with rubbish. Some people throw the waste paper about. I suggest rubbish should be put into different kinds of dustbins or paper bags.下面，我们来看看这道题的评分标准。一般来说，各地的评分标准都和下面的这个标准差不多。这个最高的标准，实际上也就是我们写作的目标。评分标准：1. 内容完整，语句流畅，无语法错误，书写规范，给9-10分；2. 内容较完整，语句较流畅，基本无语法错误，书写较规范，给6-8分；3. 内容不完整，语句欠流畅，语法错误较多，书写较规范，给3-5分；4. 只写出个别要点，语法错误较多，书写欠规范，只有个别句子可读或不知所云，给0-2分。看图作文不可小视。希望大家掌握答好这种题型的要点，并积累词汇。06中考英语作文面面观-提示作文时间：2009年03月11日作者：匿名来源：本站原创 什么是提示性作文？提示性作文：就是给出一个标题或无标题，给出具体的内容，规定一定的字数，让考生写出作文。由于这类作文已经规定了文章的中心思想和主要内容，因此考生可以不再列出提纲，只要把注意力集中在如何正确、完整地用英文词句表达出中心思想和内容就可以了。写好提示性作文应注意的事项1、仔细审题，明确要求。对所给信息反复阅读，弄清这个题目要表达什么，然后对所给信息进行整理、组织，按照自己的写作思路使之条理化。2、确保语言精炼。在写作过程中，考生应时刻提醒自己按照已给出的信息点去写，不必有太多的发挥。但也不必按照信息点去逐句翻译。用自己熟悉的短语、句型去体现要点。掌握好文章的长度，不要字数过多或过少。例题分析一、汉语提示根据中文提示和英文提示词语，写一篇意思连贯、符合逻辑的短文。所给英文提示词语必须用上。字数6070左右。1、昨天晚上我和妈妈出去散步。2、在路上我遇到了一个外国人。3、他向我询问去温泉饭店（theHotSpringHotel）的路。4、我告诉他沿着路往前走，在第三个转弯处向左拐就能看见饭店。5、他非常感谢我，我也为能帮他而感到高兴。提示词语：go out for a walk, on the road, the way to, walk along, on the left, thank for, be happy that（分析）写作指导：根据提示我们了解到这是一篇记叙文，所以考生应马上想到时间（yesterday evening），地点（on the road），人物（I, my mother and a foreigner），事件（howto show the way）。其次观察信息点，我们确定这篇文章应用过去式来表达。然后，确定这个事件应用第一人称来叙述。最后，按照信息点合理组织文章，别忘用上提示词语。（例文）Yesterday evening,I went out for a walk with my mother.On the road,we met a foreigner.He asked me the way to the Hot Spring Hotel.I told him to walk along the road and take the third turning on the left, then he could see the hotel.He thanked me very much for my help.I was happy that I could help him.二、英语提示你收到一封咨询信，请你以旅行社工作人员的身份完成任务。Dear Ace Travel,Im Li Ming, from the east of China. For the coming winter vacation, my family and I want to spend our vacation in a foreign city for ten days. We would like to go somewhere not only warm but also interesting. We dont mind how far we have to go. It has to be a place where we can swim everyday, and it would be nice if our hotel is not expensive but clean and comfortable. We like to pay no more than $ 5,000 for the trip. Could you please give us your suggestions for vacation spots?Thanks a lot.Yours,Li Ming请你根据来信，从下列所给的地方中选择一个或两个符合Li Ming要求的地方，向他提出建议。（80字左右）Tokyo, Sydney, Hawaii, Shanghai写作指导：这篇作文结合了提示性作文和应用文的写作要求。首先，我们要读懂英语提示的内容，也就是那封咨询信的内容。其次，我们要知道书信的写作方法。针对本道题，还要注意，这封信是以旅行社工作人员的身份来写的。最后，还要注意咨询信后的要求-从下列所给的地方中选择一个或两个符合Li Ming要求的地方，向他提出建议及字数限制。下面，我们来看看范文是怎么写的。One Possible version:Dear Li Ming,Im Gina. Its my pleasure to give you some suggestions for your vacation spots. According to your letter, I think either Sydney or Hawaii is the best choice because they are both warm and interesting. There are some inexpensive hotels, which are clean and comfortable in both places. Whats more, you can enjoy sunshine, walk on the beach and swim every day.Besides, there are many good museums in Sydney. （Its also a wonderful place for shopping. ）And if you go to Hawaii, you could have a visit to Pearl Harbor, which is quite educational and historical. （And you can also enjoy exotic dances. ）Thats just my idea. I hope it would give you some help.Yours,Gina对于，提示作文的写法大家都会了吗？不管什么作文的写作，都要要求我们对英语的词汇、短语以及常用的表达方法有一定的积累。所以，在学习写作的同时，不要放松对以上几个方面的复习。