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课 时 作 业 .阅读理解(2019康杰中学高三模拟)The year 2018 will mark the 100th anniversary of the deadliest influenza outbreak in history. It is estimated that the influenza pandemic(瘟疫) of 1918 killed more than 50 million people around the world. Other estimates go much higher. Because of a lack of medical recordkeeping, we may never know the exact number.The influenza was a fast killer. Some victims died within hours of their first symptoms. Others died after a few days. “Their lungs filled with liquid and they choked to death.”The 1918 flu pandemic was also different from other outbreaks. It struck many young, healthy people. Viruses usually affect sick or old people.Although modern medicine effectively controls many diseases, influenza remains difficult to protect against. The World Health Organization estimates that every year influenza kills 250,000 to 500,000 people around the world. Each year, medical scientists develop flu vaccines(疫苗) which offer immunity(免疫)from some influenza viruses. But they can only guess which form of the virus will spread.Health officials remain concerned about another flu pandemic. New forms of the flu virus appear regularly. One example was the “swine flu”or H1N1 outbreak in 2009. Anthony Fauci, Director of the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in the United States says that virus caused a true pandemic.To stop the next pandemic, scientists are now researching how to create a universal influenza vaccine. In October 2017, Vanderbilt University Medical Center in the US announced the Universal Influenza Vaccine Initiative. The university said researchers are leading an international effort to develop a universal influenza vaccine that will protect everyone against all forms of the flu anywhere in the world. The university added that researchers will begin tests in early 2018, and the Human Vaccines Project, a publicprivate partnership, is funding the project. However, until a universal influenza vaccine is available, todays seasonal flu vaccine remains important.2018将是历史上最致命的流感爆发的第100周年纪念。1918年的流感大流行导致全世界超过5 000万人死亡。可见流感病毒比战争更致命。为了阻止下一次大流行， 科学家们正在研究如何制造一种通用流感疫苗。1What do we know about the influenza in 1918?AIt swept across the whole Europe.BNo one survived the first few days.CIt killed the largest number of people.DIt struck only young and healthy people.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据The year 2018 will mark the 100th anniversary of the deadliest influenza outbreak in history. It is estimated that the influenza pandemic (瘟疫) of 1918 killed more than 50 million people around the world.得知2018将是历史上最致命的流感爆发的第100周年纪念。科学家估计， 1918年的流感大流行导致全世界超过5 000万人死亡。故选C。2Why is influenza difficult to protect against?AIt spreads too rapidly.BIt is quite easy to catch.CNo vaccine is available.DIts hard to judge the form of virus.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据Each year, medical scientists develop flu vaccines. But they can only guess which form of the virus will spread. 得知每年， 医学科学家都在研制流感疫苗。但他们只能猜测病毒的哪种菌株会传播。可以推断出流感仍然难以抵御是因为专家不能确定病毒的形式，故选D。3What does the author want to tell by mentioning H1N1 in 2009?ANew forms of flu virus keeps appearing.BIt was the most serious in recent years.CIt was caused by the same flu virus of 1918.DThe H1N1 virus was deadly as well.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据Health officials remain concerned about another flu pandemic. New forms of the flu virus appear regularly. One example was the “swine flu” or H1N1 outbreak in 2009.得知卫生官员仍对另一场流感大流行感到担忧。新的流感病毒菌株定期出现。其中一个例子是2009年的“猪流感”或甲型H1N1流感疫情。得知举例是为了说明新的流感病毒还在不断出现，故选A。4What can we learn about the universal influenza vaccine?AThe development is quite costly.BIt will be used all over the world.CIt can protect against all forms of flu.DIt will soon come into use in 2018.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据The university said researchers are leading an international effort to develop a universal influenza vaccine that will protect everyone against all forms of the flu anywhere in the world.得知研究人员正在“领导国际社会努力研制一种通用流感疫苗， 以保护每个人抵御世界上任何地方的流感病毒”，故选C。.完形填空(2019云南省昆明市高三摸底调研)You may always hear about people who knew exactly what they wanted to do with their life from the time they were in kindergarten. I hadnt considered lots of career _1_ when I graduated from high school. Like most students who earn good grades in math and science classes, I found people _2_ me to be an engineer. But all of that changed when I went to my _3_.I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very first Biology _4_. I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of _5_ you see in TV shows, old and strict. What I got was exactly _6_. Dr Espinoza was a caring and _7_ teacher, and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology. Her exciting classes made me _8_ that I had other choices besides being a(n) _9_. It meant I was headed for a career in biological research._10_ Dr Espinoza and many other professors like her, I found that scientists arent just what you _11_ on the National Geographic channel. They are real people who answer real questions and _12_ real problems. This led me to seek out _13_ to do real science projects and see if I _14_ it. While I was at university, I learned how to ask good questions，how to _15_ experiments and collect data, and how to share what I learned with people. As it _16_ I loved every minute of it.Falling in love with _17_ was a long process for me, but it led me to a job I love. Like the science itself, my journey toward being a scientist was _18_ , but helped along by many teachers and professors who _19_ me the way. Now, I try my best to learn new things and _20_ new knowledge.本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者是怎样爱上生物学，成为一名科学家的。就像科学本身一样，作者成为一名科学家的旅程也很缓慢，但许多老师和教授向作者展示了这条路。现在，作者尽最大的努力去学习新的东西，创造新的知识。1A.development BdifficultyCchoices Drequirements答案：C解析：考查名词。A.development发展；B.difficulty困难；C.choices选择；D.requirements需要。根据 I hadnt considered lots of career _1_ when I graduated from high school. 可知，当我从高中毕业的时候，我没有考虑过很多职业选择。故选C。2A.appointing BforcingCallowing Dencouraging答案：D解析：考查动词。A.appointing任命；B.forcing强迫；C.allowing允许；D.encouraging鼓励。根据Like most students who earn good grades in math and science classes，I found people _2_ me to be an engineer. 可知，像大多数在数学和科学课上取得好成绩的学生一样，我发现人们鼓励我成为一名工程师。故选D。3A.university BofficeCroom Dlab答案：A解析：考查名词。A.university大学；B.office办公室；C.room房间；D.lab实验室。根据But all of that changed when I went to my _3_.可知，但当我上大学的时候，一切都变了。故选A。4A.experiment BlectureCtest Dteamwork答案：B解析：考查名词。A.experiment实验；B.lecture演讲；C.test测试；D.teamwork团队合作。根据I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very first Biology _4_.可知，我永远不会忘记我第一次生物学讲座的感觉。故选B。5A.agent BvolunteerChost Dprofessor答案：D解析：考查名词。A.agent代理人；B.volunteer志愿者；C.host主持人；D.professor教授。根据I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of _5_ you see in TV shows，old and strict. 可知，我紧张地找到了一个座位，等待着你在电视节目中看到的那种年长而严格的教授。故选D。6A.opposite BtraditionalCtypical Dsimilar答案：A解析：考查形容词。A.opposite相反的；B.traditional传统的；C.typical典型的；D.similar相似的。根据What I got was exactly _6_.可知，我得到的结果正好相反。故选A。7A.average BcasualCenthusiastic Dsevere答案：C解析：考查形容词。A.average平均的；B.casual随便的；C.enthusiastic热情的；D.severe严重的。根据Dr Espinoza was a caring and _7_ teacher，and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology. 可知，Dr Espinoza是一位充满爱心和热情的老师，她的两学期的课让我爱上了生物学。故选C。8A.realize BregretCrefuse Drecall答案：A解析：考查动词。A.realize意识到；B.regret后悔；C.refuse拒绝；D.recall 回想起。根据Her exciting classes made me _8_ that I had other choices besides being a(n) _9_.可知，她激动人心的课程让我意识到，除了做工程师之外，我还有其他选择。故选A。9A.lawyer BeducatorCscholar Dengineer答案：D解析：考查名词。A.lawyer律师；B.educator教育家；C.scholar学者；D.engineer工程师。根据Her exciting classes made me _8_ that I had other choices besides being a(n) _9_.可知，她激动人心的课程让我意识到，除了做工程师之外，我还有其他选择。故选D。10A.As to BDue toCOn behalf of DIn spite of答案：B解析：考查词组。A.As to至于；B.Due to由于；C.On behalf of 代表；D.In spite of尽管。根据 _10_ Dr Espinoza and many other professors like her，I found that scientists arent just what you _11_ on the National Geographic channel. 可知，由于Dr Espinoza和其他许多像她一样的教授，我发现科学家不仅仅是你在the National Geographic channel学到的那样。故选B。11A.take care of Bmake fun ofClearn about Dsearch for答案：C解析：考查动词词组。A.take care of照顾；B.make fun of取笑；C.learn about了解；D.search for寻找。根据 _10_ Dr Espinoza and many other professors like her，I found that scientists arent just what you _11_ on the National Geographic channel. 可知，由于Dr Espinoza和其他许多像她一样的教授，我发现科学家不仅仅是你在the National Geographic channel学到的那样。故选C。12A.solve BbringCraise Dignore答案：A解析：考查动词。A.solve解决；B.bring拿来；C.raise提高；D.ignore忽视。根据They are real people who answer real questions and _12_ real problems. 可知，他们是真正的人，他们回答真正的问题，解决真正的问题。故选A。13A.concepts BopportunitiesCfaith Dambition答案：B解析：考查名词。A.concepts概念；B.opportunities机会；C.faith信仰；D.ambition雄心。根据This led me to seek out _13_ to do real science projects and see if I _14_ it. 可知，这让我寻找机会去做真正的科学项目，看看我是否喜欢它。故选B。14A.enjoyed BdoubtedCrecommended Dacknowledged答案：A解析：考查动词。A.enjoyed喜爱；B.doubted怀疑；C.recommended 推荐；D.acknowledged获得。根据This led me to seek out _13_ to do real science projects and see if I _14_ it. 可知，这让我寻找机会去做真正的科学项目，看看我是否喜欢它。故选A。15A.replace BpredictCconduct Dcopy答案：C解析：考查动词。A.replace替代；B.predict预测；C.conduct管理；D.copy复制。根据While I was at university，I learned how to ask good questions，how to _15_ experiments and collect data，and how to share what I learned with people. 可知，当我在大学的时候，我学会了如何问好问题，如何进行实验和收集数据，以及如何与人分享我学到的东西。故选C。16A.came about Bbroke upCset off Dturned out答案：D解析：考查动词词组。A.came about产生；B.broke up分手，结束；C.set off出发；D.turned out结果是。根据As it _16_ I loved every minute of it. 可知，正如结果所示，我喜欢它的每一分钟。故选D。17A.literature BscienceClanguage Dart答案：B解析：考查名词。A.literature文学；B.science科学；C.language 语言；D.art艺术。根据Falling in love with _17_ was a long process for me，but it led me to a job I love. 可知，爱上科学对我来说是一个漫长的过程，但它让我找到了一份我喜欢的工作。故选B。18A.precious BsmoothCbeneficial Dslow答案：D解析：考查形容词。A.precious珍贵的；B.smooth顺利的；C.beneficial有益的；D.slow慢的。根据Like the science itself，my journey toward being a scientist was _18_ ，but helped along by many teachers and professors who _19_ me the way. 可知，就像科学本身一样，我作为一名科学家的旅程也很缓慢，但在许多老师和教授的帮助下，他们向我展示了这条路。故选D。19A.promised BshowedCleft Dawarded答案：B解析：考查动词。A.promised许诺；B.showed出示；C.left离开；D.awarded得到回报。根据Like the science itself，my journey toward being a scientist was _18_ ，but helped along by many teachers and professors who _19_ me the way. 可知，就像科学本身一样，我作为一名科学家的旅程也很缓慢，但在许多老师和教授的帮助下，他们向我展示了这条路。故选B。20A.record BadmireCcreate Dforget答案：C解析：考查动词。A.record记录；B.admire钦佩；C.create创造；D.forget忘记。根据Now，I try my best to learn new things and _20_ new knowledge. 可知，现在，我尽我最大的努力去学习新的东西，创造新的知识。故选C。.语法填空(2019晋城市一中模拟)Styrofoam is plastic _1_ a bad reputation.It cannot be recycled without releasing (释放) dangerous pollutants into the air. The US Environmental Protection Agency _2_ (say) it is the fifth largest creator of dangerous waste.Scientists from the US and China have discovered that mealworm can digest plastic. One mealworm can digest a pillsized amount of plastic a day.Study coauthor WeiMin Wu says that in 24 hours, the plastic _3_ (turn) into carbon dioxide.Are the worms hurt by _4_ (eat) plastic? The study found that worms eating Styrofoam were as _5_ (health) as worms eating bran (糠)Styrofoam is a lightweight material, about 95 percent air, with very good insulation properties (绝缘性), according to Earthsource.org. It is used in products from _6_ (cup) that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging materials _7_ protect items during shipping.“Solving _8_ problem of plastic pollution is important. Landfill space is becoming limited，” says Wu, a Stanford University environmental engineering instructor.About 33 million tons of plastic are thrown away in the United States every year. Plastic plates, cups and containers take _9_ 25 percent to 30 percent of space in Americas landfills. One Styrofoam cup takes more than 1 million years _10_ (recycle) in a landfill, according to Cleveland State University.本文主要讲了聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料是一种名声极坏的塑料，是第五大有毒废弃物的源头。循环利用该塑料时，该塑料会释放有危害的污染物。解决塑料污染问题迫在眉睫。中美两国的科学家都已经发现黄粉虫可消化塑料。1with解析：考查介词。with a bad reputation形容名声极坏，为固定结构。句意：聚苯乙烯是一种名声极坏的泡沫塑料。故填with。2says解析：考查动词时态。句意：美国环境保护署表示该塑料是第五大有毒废弃物的源头。文章介绍的是聚苯乙烯，用的一般现在时，而且句子的主语是The US Environmental Protection Agency，故填says。3is_turned解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：该研究合著者吴伟民(音译)表示，24小时之内，塑料就转化为二氧化碳了。此处要用turn的谓语形式，聚苯乙烯是被黄粉虫消化而转化成二氧化碳的，故用被动语态，句子的主语是the plastic，故填is turned。4eating解析：考查动名词。句意：黄粉虫是否会因为进食塑料而受害呢？此处eat位于介词by的后面，要用动名词作宾语，故填eating。5healthy解析：考查形容词。句意：该研究发现进食聚苯乙烯塑料泡沫的黄粉虫与进食麸皮的黄粉虫一样健康。此空位于were之后，要用形容词作表语，故填healthy。6cups解析：考查名词复数。句意：塑料通常用于各类产品，从用于热饮保温冷饮冷藏的杯子，到运输过程中保护物品的包装材料。此处cup为先行词，其后的定语从句谓语动词用了keep，所以先行词应该是复数，即cup要用复数形式，故填cups。7that/which解析：考查定语从句关系代词。句子的后半句为定语从句，先行词是packaging materials，指物，在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。8the解析：考查冠词。句意：解决塑料污染问题是很重要的。此处的问题特指塑料污染问题，故填the。9up解析：考查固定搭配。句意：塑料盘子、杯子及容器占美国垃圾填埋空间的25%到30%。take up占据时间、空间，为固定搭配，故填up。10to_recycle解析：考查固定结构。句意：据克利夫兰州立大学称，一个聚苯乙烯杯子填埋之后需要100多万年时间才能降解。take some time to do sth.花掉多长时间去做某事，为固定结构，故填to recycle。.短文改错(2019临汾市高三联考)Last Saturday I went camping with several friends. In the later afternoon, we put up our tent in the middle of a field. Then we cooked a meal over an open fire. The food smelt good. After a meal, we told story and played games by the camp fire. At the eleven oclock we felt tired but we put out the fire and got into our tent. Lie in our warm sleepingbags we slept soundly. At midnight one boy woke up and began shouting. The tent was full water! We got out of our sleepingbags and hurried outside. It was raining heavy. A stream had formed in the field, that wound its way across the field and flow under our tent.答案9
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