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Unit 1 A land of diversity(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1strait n海峡2Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的3ministry n. (政府的)部；(全体)牧师； 牧师的职责4shave vi.& vt. 刮；剃5vice n& adj. 代理；副职6federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的7aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机8nephew n. 侄子；外甥9tram n. (有轨)电车10cattle n. 牛(总称)11bakery n. 面包房；面包厂12ferry n 渡船；渡口vt. 摆渡；渡运13seagull n. 海鸥 14mourn vt. & vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛15authority n. 权威；权力(pl.) 当局；官方16rail n. 铁路；扶手；(护栏的)横条17nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无18brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器v. 刹(车)；用制动器减速19pole n. 地极；电极；磁极20fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的.重点单词写其形1despite prep.尽管；不管2hardship n. 苦难；困苦3occur vi. 发生；出现4luggage n. 行李(美baggage)5thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的6boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期7angle n. 角；角度8civil adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的9hire vt.& n纵联1 租用；雇用10grasp vt.& n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会11thoughtful adj. 关切的；体贴的；深思的12reform v. 改革；革新n. 改革；改造；改良13justice n. 正义；公平14insert vt. 嵌入；插入.拓展单词通其变1distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的distinction n差别；区分；卓著2immigrant n(从外国移入的)移民immigrate vi.移入(外国定居)immigration n移民；移居入境3means n方法；手段mean v意思是；意味着 adj.吝啬的；卑鄙的meaning n意思；意义4majority n大多数；大半major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n专业minority n少数5elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人election n选举6percentage n百分比；百分率percent adj.百分之的7racial adj.人种的；种族的race n种族；竞争8crossing n横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道cross n十字；交叉 adj.交叉的；生气的 v使交叉；横过across prep.在对面纵联29applicant n申请人apply vi.申请application n申请书；申请10customs n海关；关税；进口税customer n顾客11socialist n社会主义者；社会党人 adj.社会主义的society n社会social adj.社会的socialism n社会主义12indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示indication n迹象；标示indicator n指示器；指示信号13apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地14conductor n(公车)售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥conduct v管理纵联315slip vi.滑动；滑行；滑跤 n滑动；滑倒 slippery adj.滑的16punishment n惩罚；处罚punish vt.惩罚；处罚纵联1. 不“雇用”就“辞退”hire n& vt.雇用 employ vt. 雇用take on雇用 fire vt. 解雇dismiss vt. 解雇 lay off解雇remove vt.免职纵联2.容易被忽略的ing名词后缀crossing十字路口 training训练feeling感觉 wedding婚礼meaning意义 saying格言；警句building建筑物 hearing听觉belonging拥有物 painting绘画(作品)ending结尾 greeting问候；打招呼纵联3.后缀“or”基本都是表示“人”conductor售票员 administrator管理者director导演；主管 educator教育工作者editor编辑 inventor发明家operator操作员 translator翻译家actor演员 author作家visitor游客 ancestor祖先bachelor学士；单身汉 monitor班长单元话题多元化的国土子话题1历史变迁ancestor n祖先 nation n国家；民族origin n. 起源；起因 defend v. 保护；保卫announce v. 宣告；宣布 previous adj.早先的ancient adj. 古代的 population n. 人口symbol n象征 history n历史adapt v使适应 changeable adj.多变的子话题2地点介绍geography n. 地理 capital n. 首都；省会convenient adj. 方便的 urban adj.城市的position n. 位置 atmosphere n. 氛围；大气层surround v. 包围 cover v. 覆盖remote adj. 偏僻的；偏远的locate v. 找出位置；安置在学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2018北京高考阅读D)The possibility of selfdriving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly selfdriving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out selfdriving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isnt leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities acrossthe country. Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.写出加彩词在句中的含义：显而易见地写出across在本单元中同根名词：crossing，意为“横越；横渡；十字路口；人行横道”选词填空：_B_ Ahardship Bpotential Cjustice2(2017江苏高考任务型阅读)Declining birth rate is a majorproblem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.A great decline in young work force is likely (occur)in China, for instance. What does it imply？ First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.写出加彩词在本单元的名词形式：majority用occur的适当形式填空：to_occur;_occur除了表示“发生”，相当于happen外，在句型it occurs to sb. that .中，occur意为“被提到，出现在大脑中”加彩词在本单元的近义词为：indicate高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2018江苏高考书面表达)显然，盲目地听从别人的建议会影响我们自己的判断。(apparently)Apparently,_blindly_following_others_advice_will_affect_our_own_judgment.2(2017全国卷书面表达)我希望你能抓住这个机会，这是进一步学习中国传统文化的一种途径。(grasp, means)I_wish_that_you_could_grasp_this_opportunity，which is ameans of learning traditional Chinese culture further.(二)课堂重点释疑1majority n大多数；大半记牢(1)a/the majority of .大多数in the/a majority 占多数(2)major n& v. 专业；主修major in 主修；以为专业(3)minority n. 少数in the/a minority 占少数练通单句语法填空Only a small number of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are in the majority.The majority of the land has_been_destroyed (destroy) so far.Some of the plays told sad stories, but the majority of the plays were (be) really funny. I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major in the gardening after attending college. 用准the majority of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；后接集合名词作主语时，若集合名词视为整体，则谓语动词用单数，若集合名词考虑个体，则谓语动词用复数。写美补全句子(2015浙江高考书面表达)当我有不同的意见时，我可能选择放弃，尊重大多数人的意见。When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinions of the majority.2elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人记牢(1)elect sb. (as/to be)职位sb. be elected (as/to be)职位选举某人为(职位前无冠词)(2)election n 选举练通单句语法填空She became the first black woman who was elected as Member of Parliament to the Senate. If I am lucky enough to win the election (elect), the first thing I will do is to enrich our students afterclass activities.写美翻译句子(2015陕西高考书面表达)此外，我的英语很好以至于我当选为我英语老师的助理。Besides,_I_have_such_a_good_command_of_English_that_I_am_elected_as_assistant_to_my_English_teacher.3occur vi.发生；出现记牢sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that . 某人突然想起It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事练通单句语法填空Now it occurred to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.(2018天津高考)The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs (occur)句型转换It occurred to me that I should go to attend a meeting when I was about to go home.It occurred to me to_go to attend a meeting when I was about to go home.写美 用含有occur短语升级加彩部分Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how you came up with the idea. Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how theidea occurred to you.4hire vt.& n租用；雇用记牢(1)on hire出租for hire 可供出租(2)hire sth. out (to sb.) 把租出去(给某人)练通单句语法填空In December 2018, I was_hired (hire) as a hotel manager and moved here full time.There are three small boats available for hire.David used to hire his car out when he didnt need it himself.写美补全句子一方面，他们抱怨找工作竞争如此激烈；另一方面，许多工厂无法雇用足够的工人。On the one hand, they complain that the competition in job hunting is so fierce; on the other hand, a_lot_of_factories_cant_hire_enough_workers.词汇过关综合训练 .单词拼写1In the meantime, mobile online shopping market is booming (繁荣) in China, with an annual growth rate of 63.5%.2It was really thoughtful (体贴的) of you to remember my birthday and arrange a party.3I was really upset to find that such a thing should have occurred (发生) in your shop.4Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired (雇用) to make the images.5A new law has been brought in to discourage racial (种族的) prejudice.6We have never doubted of the success of our reform (改革)7Whenever it is, we should keep a thankful (感激的) heart towards everything around us.8Despite (尽管) his frequent absence, Bruce managed to keep up with his studies.9Grasp (抓住) the main idea of the text, and you will be able to answer the question.10Anyone who goes abroad will accept security check at the customs (海关).单句语法填空1When it comes to education, the/a majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.2These rules require to_be_reformed/reforming (reform)to meet the need of most people.3It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.4With the tourist trade booming (boom), the residents of this area are paying more attention to the protection of nature.5The applicant (apply) should be a native speaker of English.Fluency in Chinese is preferred.6The bell indicating (indicate) the end of the class rang, which interrupted our heated discussion.7Apparently (apparent), the iPods, if used properly, are helpful to our study, especially to our English listening.8Unluckily, she slipped (slip), fell down from the upstairs and hurt her left leg.9Furthermore, punishment (punish) is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.10There are many bicycles on hire in this area.根据提示补全句子1镇上的大多数人都大力支持为孩子们建造运动场的计划。(majority)The_majority_of_people_in_the_town_strongly_support the plan to build a playground for children.2她被选入乐队，不是因为她美丽，而是因为她有音乐天赋。(elect)She_was_elected_into_the_band not because she was beautiful but because she had a talent for music.3迈克尔从未想到有一天他会成为班上的尖子生。(occur)Not once did_it_occur_to_Michael_that he could one day become a top student in his class.4人类会为他们破坏森林的行为而受到处罚。(punish)The_human_beings_will_be_punished for their forestdestroying activities.5. (2015福建高考书面表达)正如图画所显示，一个男孩坐在桌边专心读书。(indicate)As_is_indicated_in_the_picture,_a boy is sitting at the table, absorbed in reading.语境辨义根据语境选出grasp的词性和词义(A)vt.明白；领会 (B)vt.抓住(机会)(C)n.掌握；控制 (D)vt.抓紧1I am not afraid of making mistakes and grasp every opportunity to improve myself._B_2He grasped my hand and shook it warmly._D_3It took him some time to grasp that he was now a public figure._A_4Dont let the situation escape from your grasp._C_(一)课前自主学习1live_on 继续存在；继续生存2.mark out 串记1 标出界线；用线画出范围3apply_for 申请；请示得到4.take in 串记2 包括；吸收；欺骗；理解5keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)6make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等7.back to back背靠背8by_means_of 用办法；借助 9a_great/good_many 许多；很多10team_up_with 与合作或一起工作同根短语串记串记1.“v.out”短语荟萃mark out标出界线 turn out结果是make out理解；辨认出 work out锻炼cut out删去 come out 出版；开花串记2.庞大的“v.in”一族take in 包括；理解 cut in 插嘴；插队consist in在于 fit in适应give in屈服；投降 join in参与 lie in位于；在于 major in主修participate in参加 result in导致 1the largest population 人口最多2attract people from all over the world 吸引来自世界各地的人3in the early 16th century 在16世纪早期4fight against 同打仗5take their land 夺去了他们的土地6despite great hardship 尽管困难重重7establish a town of their own 建立了自己的城镇8a mixture of 的混合体9go exploring 去探索10all sorts of 各种各样的11have a good view of 清楚看到1Exactly when the first people arrived in_what_we_now_know_as_California,_no one really knows.第一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在称之为加利福尼亚的地方的谁也说不清楚。2However, it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。3That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。4. It_is_believed_that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人们认为，很快，民族融合将空前的大，这样一来，也就不会再有什么明显的大种族或大的文化群体，取而代之的将是多种族、多文化的混合体。5Built_in_1873,_the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horsedrawn trams.缆车系统建于1873年，该系统是由安德鲁哈利迪发明的，他想找到一种比马拉轨道车更好的交通方式。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)完形中的短语(补全句子)1(2014山东高考完形填空)But Charlotte had been practising without a licence. She had applied_for (申请) a doctors licence in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was refused.2(2014湖北高考完形填空)During the weeks that followed, we learned to survive in our truck and live_on (靠继续生存) the little money my wife earned by substitute teaching.高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(补全句子/翻译句子)1(2018江苏高考书面表达)当在网上购物时，我过去常常通过咨询消费排名来做出一些选择。When shopping online, I used to make some choices by_means_of_consulting consumption ratings.2(2017北京高考书面表达)这就是为什么我认为沿着长江的旅行是一个更好的选择。(thats why .)Thats_why_I_think_the_trip_along_the_Yangtze_River_is_a_better_choice.3(2017天津高考书面表达)除了我的学业之外，我总是设法找到时间去做我感兴趣的事。 (what引导的宾语从句)Apart_from_my_academic_studies,_I_always_manage_to_find_time_for_what_Im_interested_in.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1by means of通过；用办法；借助记牢(1)by this means用这种方法by all means 当然可以；没问题by no means 决不；一点也不(放句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)(2)means n. 手段；方法a means of 的方式练通 单句语法填空We express our thoughts by means of words and body language.Only by this means (mean) is it possible to persuade him out of smoking.By no means is (be) this a good way to solve the problem.Every possible means has_been_tried(try), but none worked. 写美补全句子(2018全国卷书面表达)你最好事先练习用筷子，这也是展示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。And youd better practice using chopsticks in advance，which is also a means of showing your good table manners.2make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生记牢(1)make/earn a/ones living谋生(2)live/lead a .life 过着生活come (back) to life 苏醒；变得活跃；恢复生气bring . back to life使苏醒过来；给活力练通单句语法填空She has been looking for parttime babysitting jobs these days to_make (make) a living.After the earthquake, the villagers tried their best to bring the village back to life.补全句子When Alice came_to_life,_she did not know how long she had been lying there.当爱丽丝苏醒时，她不知道她已经在那儿躺了多久。写美改写加彩部分In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging and you will try to adapt to your new life.In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging and you will try to make a life for yourself.3take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留辨清写出下列句中take in的含义He managed to rent a big enough house to take in some homeless people.收留While reading popular science books, we can take in more basic knowledge.吸收The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.包括Lacking necessary social experience, teenagers tend to be taken in by cheaters.欺骗Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.理解记牢take off脱去(衣服等)；(飞机等)起飞；成功take on 呈现；雇用；承担take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间、空间等)take over 接收；接管；接任；取代练通单句语法填空In the past few years, the village has taken on a new look.Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.After taking over the company from his father, he took in some advanced ideas and took on some experienced workers, which suggests that his company will take off soon.写美补全句子(2017全国卷书面表达)我建议你提前了解唐代的历史，这会帮助你更好地理解你要学的诗歌。I advise you to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which will help you better takein the poems to be learned.句式集释This/That is why .“这/那就是的原因”教材原句That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.悟拓展例句(1)(2015江苏高考)The real reason why prices were, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.(2)Seen from space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.(3)Less is more.This is why we say: reduce things by half instead of doubling them.析用法规则用法归纳(1)this/that is because . 这/那是因为(2)this is the reason why . 这就是的原因(3)the reason why . is that . 的原因是(why引导定语从句)注意事项表语从句中的why，because以及that可根据“直译法”去判断，也就是语境当中翻译成“是因为”就用because，翻译成“那就是为什么”就用why，而如果翻译成“是”，在表语从句中多用that。背写作佳句(1)(2018全国卷书面表达)The reason why we choose this movie is that it represents the development of our beloved school, which is not only interesting but also meaningful. (开头句)(2)(2017全国卷书面表达)Thats why more and more people are interested in Tang Dynasty.(要点句)词块、句式过关综合训练.选词填空take in， by means of， mark out， keep up， team up with， make a life， apply for， a great many 1. A volleyball court had been marked_out on the grass for sport lovers. 2How did you make such rapid progress in your English? Do you have any secrets?No. Only by_means_of hard working.3Mr. Brown sent an email to the manager, applying_for a job in the company.4John preferred to go into business alone rather than team_up_with anyone else.5It is honorable to make_a_life with your hands while depending on others is a shame.6After seeing a_great_many homeless people in the streets, I thought I should do something for them.7He tended to work through his lunch hour in an effort to keep_up with his work.8Its said that nonsmokers who take_in the air polluted by tobacco smoke suffer more than the smokers themselves.根据提示补全句子1. 人们普遍认为书的影响是如此之大，以至于我们的父母总是鼓励我们养成良好的阅读习惯，阅读更多的书籍。(it作形式主语)It_is_commonly_believed_that_the_influence_of_books_is_so_great that our parents always encourage us to form good habits of reading and to read more books.2科学家们最终到达了所谓的北极。(what引导的宾语从句)The scientists finally arrived in what_was_called_the_Arctic.3. 被他的行为深深地感动，她决心做一些事情回报社会。(过去分词作状语)Deeply_moved_by_what_he_did,_ she is determined to do something in reward for the society.4我读了你对英语校报的改革方案，那就是我写信发表观点的原因。(why引导的表语从句)I read about your reform of the school English newspaper, and thats why Im writing to voice my opinion.5. 他们很可能更理解我们并给我们一些合理的建议。(it is likely that .)_It_is_likely_that_they_can_understand_us_better and give us some reasonable advice.应用文分步写作假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack准备到你居住的城市成都来旅游，请你给他写一封电子邮件介绍成都的情况，内容包括：1城市的地位；2城市的历史和人口；3景点和美食。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：武侯祠 Wuhou TempleDear Jack，Im really glad that youre coming to Chengdu.Now let me tell you something about it. I hope youll enjoy your stay in Chengdu.Yours，Li Hua第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点1审题：文体：介绍信(地点介绍)人称：主要是第三人称时态：主要是一般现在时2本文由于开头和结尾部分已给出，且中间部分所给3个要点也比较明确，按这3个要点构思即可，不容易遗漏。要点1：介绍成都这座城市的地位。要点2：介绍成都的历史、人口。要点3：介绍成都的景点和美食(名胜古迹，火锅和当地小吃)。要点1：成都是中国西南地区的政治、经济和文化中心。Chengdu_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.要点2：它有2 300多年的悠久历史。它的人口超过1 600万。It_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years.It_has_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.要点3：那里有许多名胜古迹。There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest.要点3：它因美味的火锅和当地小吃而闻名。It_is_wellknown_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行适度的拓展和升级。1要点1介绍成都时可以添加同位语“四川省的省会”。2要点2用介词with表示伴随合并升级。3要点3“有许多名胜古迹”可用such as来列举详细的景点名称。4要点3可以添加地点状语“在国内外”。5在介绍完成都后可添加总结句“一旦你来这里，你将不想离开”。拓展要点1：成都，四川省的省会，是中国西南地区的政治、经济和文化中心。(同位语)Chengdu,_the_capital_city_of_Sichuan_Province,_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.升级要点2：它有2 300多年的悠久历史，人口超过1 600万。(with表示伴随)It_has_a_long_hi
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