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阅读理解专题突破练3 第一节A体裁:应用文词数:285用时:6分钟(2017重庆西北狼教育联盟第一期联考)EFP Courses provide courses in English language and British culture.Our courses are aimed at students aged between 12 and 17 who are at pre-intermediate level or above in English.The courses are held in Guildford,a historic town near London.Typical structure of a one-week courseup to 25 hours of English run by native speakers,qualified in teaching English as a foreign language and specialist drama teachers2 full-day sightseeing trips to London and Oxford(at weekends)full board(全食宿)with local,English-speaking familiesWhen we run the coursesEFP courses can be organized only during British state school terms.For this academic year,courses can be booked between now and 23 May and between 30 May and 30 June.We welcome you to book from 3 September to 25 October and from 31 October to 20 December.Why choose EFP coursesin addition to our standard English classes,we also run drama and expression English classes,taught by specialist drama teacherswe expose our students to British culture for the entire length of the coursewe tailor courses to each groups needs,creating a unique experience for our students.Note that any changes to our courses are made within reason and only if all participants from a group share the same language level.Please see further details on our website.Length of a courseEFP courses run for either one or two weeks depending on the specific requirements for your group.How to applyPlease register your interest by sending an email.By contacting us before you make any travel arrangements you ensure that we can put your group on the dates that you require.See you in Guildford soon!【解题导语】本文是一篇广告类应用文,介绍了EFP课程的内容、对象、课时安排、授课时长、申请方法等信息。1.What does the leaflet tell us about EFP courses?A.Their target students are teenagers of all English levels.B.Every individual participant is supplied with tailored language support.C.They involve students in British culture activities during the whole course.D.They are available on the school campuses in London and Oxford.答案C解析细节理解题。根据“Why choose EFP courses”下面的第二点可知EFP课程全程让学生接触英国文化,故C项正确。根据第一段的第二句可知,学员的英语水平须在预备中级及以上,而不是针对所有英语水平的人,故A项错误;根据“Why choose EFP courses”下面的“we tailor courses to each groups needs”可知,B项错误;根据第一段的第三句“The courses are held in Guildford,a historic town near London.”可知,该课程的授课地点为伦敦近郊的历史古镇Guildford,故D项错误。2.Suppose you are to take EFP courses this academic year,you can.A.make a reservation from October 31 to December 20B.enjoy a special series of lessons for a whole school termC.experience English dramas with English-speaking familiesD.hand in an application by visiting their website答案A解析细节理解题。根据“When we run the courses”下面的“We welcome you to book from 3 September to 25 October and from 31 October to 20 December.”可知,本学年的预订时间为9月3日到10月25日和10月31日到12月20日,故A项正确。3.The purpose of this writing is to.A.attract qualified teachers to EFP coursesB.illustrate the importance of EFP coursesC.demonstrate the popularity of EFP coursesD.offer group students access to EFP courses答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段尤其是第一、二句“EFP Courses provide courses in English language and British culture.Our courses are aimed at students aged between 12 and 17 who are at pre-intermediate level or above in English.”可知,本文旨在面向12到17岁的青少年学生推广EFP课程,故D项正确。B体裁:说明文词数:295用时:7分钟(2018四川成都毕业班摸底测试)The Scottish composer Evelyn Glennie lost nearly all her hearing as a young girl,yet went on to a very successful career in music including winning Grammy Awards.When somebody asks her,“How do you hear?”She responds,“How do you hear?Is it only with your ears?”For Glennie,and for us too,listening is not only hearing,but is understanding.We need to listen to what is said and unsaid,and also how it is said.Its important to hear what people say accurately.As Mark Twain said,“The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug(萤火虫).”If you miss something or youre not sure youve heard accurately,ask the speakers.At this point youre not evaluating what they say,but just looking for accuracy and understanding.Here are some ways to get clear about what they say and dont say.Why are they saying this now,instead of sooner or later?Why are they emphasizing these points,instead of something else?Listen to how it is said.People send signals about what they mean with their voices and body language that sometimes differ from the words they say.While going through the next points,think about someone whose real meaning you might sometimes miss,and see if any of these signals might come up.First,voices.When others speak,notice changes in their volume,pace,and tone.Second,body language.Notice gestures,eye contact,and facial expressions.Do these sync what they are saying,or do they tell a different story?Third,emotions.What is the persons true feeling?Now you might not know for sure,but be considerate,open to understanding,and ask thoughtful questions.【解题导语】本文讲述了聆听的内涵。我们要听懂说话人想要表达的言外之意,并且要注意说话的方式。4.Whats the writers purpose of mentioning Evelyn Glennie?A.To give an example of wise words.B.To introduce a world-famous musician.C.To help explain the meaning of listening.D.To encourage us to fight against disability.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For Glennie,and for us too,listening is not only hearing,but is understanding.”可知,对于Glennie以及“我们”来说,聆听不仅是用耳朵听而且是理解,这里说明了聆听的内涵。所以选项C正确。5.What can we learn from what Mark Twain said?A.It is important to have a good knowledge of English words.B.People should know words can be used in many different ways.C.English is a very complicated language with a large vocabulary.D.The slight difference between words may result in misunderstanding.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Its important to hear what people say accurately”和“At this point youre not evaluating what they say,but just looking for accuracy and understanding.”可知,准确听懂说话者的意思很重要。因此,选项D“词语的细微差异可能导致误解”与Mark Twain所说的话意思相吻合。6.What does the underlined word “sync” probably mean?A.Match.B.Prove.C.Describe.D.Analyze.答案A解析词义猜测题。画线词前的修饰词these指代前一句中的“gestures,eye contact,and facial expressions”;再根据画线词后的“what they are saying,or do they tell a different story”可推断,match与画线词意思相近。故选A项。7.Which is the best title of this passage?A.Speak While You ListenB.Listen Beyond WordsC.Read Between LinesD.Think As You Talk答案B解析主旨大意题。本文主要说明通过观察说话人的说话方式来听懂说话人想表达的言外之意。所以选B项。C体裁:说明文词数:321用时:7分钟Persuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with you.According to the ancient Greeks,there are three basic tools of persuasion:ethos,pathos,and logos.Ethos is a speakers way of convincing the audience that she is trustworthy,honest and reliable.One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field.After all,youre more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.A speaker can also create ethos by convincing the audience that she is a good person.If an audience cannot trust you,you will not be able to persuade them.Pathos is a speakers way of connecting himself with an audiences emotions.For example,a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war.These words are intended to fill the audience with fear,thus making them support him.Similarly,an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats,to make the viewers feel pity.If the audience feels bad about the animals,they will be more likely to donate money.Logos is the use of facts,statistics,or other evidence to support your argument.An audience will be more likely to believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims.Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.Although ethos,pathos,and logos all have their strengths,they are often most effective when used together.Indeed,most speakers use a combination of ethos,pathos,and logos to persuade their audiences.So,next time you listen to a speech,watch a commercial,or listen to a friend trying to convince you to lend him some money,be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.【解题导语】本文介绍了古希腊人提出的说服别人的三个基本工具:个人气质、感染力和理性。在演讲或试图说服别人时,综合使用这三个工具,你将快速提高说服别人的能力。8.Why does the author say persuasion is an art?A.It entertains the audience.B.It requires great skill to achieve.C.It demands full attention from the audience.D.It is all common topics of ancient Greek writers.答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段及最后一段的第二句可知,说服别人一般要使用个人气质、感染力和理性这三个工具,三者结合起来使用可以产生更好的效果;据此可知,说服别人需要很高的技巧,因此是一门艺术。9.How is a speaker able to show her ethos to the audience?A.By expressing her sympathy with the audience.B.By telling the audience about her personal preference.C.By using beautiful language to make her statements attractive.D.By showing her knowledge and experience relating to the topic.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field.”可知,讲话人向听众展现个人气质的常见方法是展示自己在这一话题上的知识和经验,故D项正确。10.What can we learn about the three methods of persuasion?A.Ethos is the most important method of persuasion.B.Each method has a different effect on the audience.C.Honesty is the key to making your arguments believable.D.Political leaders mostly use pathos to persuade their audiences.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Although ethos,pathos,and logos all have their strengths.to persuade their audiences.”可知,尽管个人气质、感染力和理性各有优势,但是只有综合使用时才能发挥最大的作用,故B项正确。11.An advertisement for washing powder which claims that “scientific tests show that our powder kills 95% of all bacteria” is mainly using.A.ethosB.pathosC.logosD.a combination of all three答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Logos is the use of facts,statistics,or other evidence to support your argument.”可知,理性是使用事实、数据或其他证据来支持你的观点;题干中的广告声称科学实验表明该洗衣粉可以杀死95%的细菌。据此可知,该广告使用了理性的论证方法,故C项正确。D体裁:说明文词数:320用时:8分钟(2017四川绵阳第二次诊断性考试)He had more than 160 reports as a reporter on the Metro desk and more than 170 in 19 months as a national journalist based in Kansas City,Mo.But perhaps the most important piece of writing that A.G.Sulzberger did for The New York Times before Wednesday when he was named deputy publisher was not an article and was not published in The Times,but was all about The Times.That work came to be known as the “innovation(创新) report”,which zeroed in on the importance of a digital future for the newspaper his family has owned since 1896 and said The Times risked losing its leading place if it did not make sweeping changes.In a conversation in his office on Wednesday,Mr.Sulzberger said he saw the innovation report and the thinking that led to his conclusions as “a wake-up call to the newsroom that we were at risk of missing the moment”.“It was always easy to see how changes will endanger the traditions of the place,” he said,“but what became really clear to me was not changing was the more dangerous course if we cared about the traditions of the place.”Unlike some of the former deputy publishers in his role,Mr.Sulzberger has been more experienced in the newsroom than in advertising or consumer marketing.Still,his colleagues described him as a quick study whose modesty masked deep inner confidence.Besides,in the newsroom or out on an assignment,Mr.Sulzberger did not show off his connection to The Times owners.“I recognized the name,”said Vincent Bova,a video editor who figured in a feature article that Mr.Sulzberger wrote in 2010.“I mean,I knew I was dealing with royalty.There was no reason for me to bring that up with him,and he didnt.”So Mr.Sulzberger,in some way,has qualified himself for the position since long time ago.【解题导语】本篇文章属于人物介绍类,介绍了著名出版人A.G. Sulzberger对纽约时报的重要贡献,还介绍了他提出的“创新报道”理论以及他人对他的评价。12.A.G.Sulzberger wrote the “innovation report” mainly to.A.urge revolutions in The TimesB.gain the position of deputy publisherC.promote changes in New York CityD.show directions to his family future答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段可知,“创新报道”关注报纸数字化未来的重要性,纽约时报如果不改革,则将面临危机。据此可以判断,A.G. Sulzberger提及“创新报道”的目的是敦促纽约时报进行变革,故A项正确。13.What is the biggest threat to traditional media according to Mr.Sulzberger?A.Scientific developments.B.Rapid social changes.C.Their own stubbornness.D.Decreasing readers.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“and said The Times risked losing its leading place if it did not make sweeping changes”和文章中提到的“innovation report”可知,A.G. Sulzberger认为纽约时报如果不做出变革,则将面临危机;据此可以判断,A.G. Sulzberger认为传统媒体面临的最大问题是它们固执己见,不思变革,故C项正确。14.How does the author show us what Mr.Sulzberger is like in the last paragraph?A.By comparing him with others.B.By interviewing him in person.C.By giving examples of his routines.D.By quoting comments from others.答案D解析写作方法题。通读最后一段可知,该段第二句介绍了同事对A.G. Sulzberger的评价,第四句和第五句介绍了视频编辑Vincent Bova对他的评价;据此可以判断,最后一段是通过别人的评价来描述A.G. Sulzberger的,故D项正确。15.What does the author think of Mr.Sulzberger according to the passage?A.Casual.B.Objective.C.Admirable.D.Critical.答案C解析观点态度题。通读全文可知,A.G. Sulzberger提出“创新报道”理论并前瞻性地认识到数字化时代对传统媒体的影响,意识到传统媒体变革的重要意义;据此可以判断,作者对A.G. Sulzberger的态度是钦佩的,故C项正确。第二节体裁:说明文词数:277用时:7分钟Everyone makes mistakes.16.Making a mistake at work,however,can be more serious.It may cause problems for your employer and even affect the companys bottom line.Evil consequences will finally come down to you.Simply correcting your mistake and moving on may not be an option.When you make a mistake at work your career may depend on what you do next.Admit your mistake.Tell your boss about your mistake immediately.The only exception is that you make an insignificant error that will not affect anyone.Otherwise,dont try to hide your mistake.17.Present your boss with a plan to fix your mistake.When you go to your boss to admit your mistake,you must have a plan for correcting it.Present your plan clearly.Tell your boss how long it will take to carry out your plan and if there are any costs involved.Dont blame anyone else for your mistake.18.Encourage those who may share responsibility to follow your lead in admitting to your boss.19.Theres a big difference between admitting your mistake and beating yourself up about it.Take responsibility but dont blame yourself for making it,especially in public.Correct your mistake on your own time.If you have to spend extra hours at work to correct your mistake,dont expect to be paid for that time.20.A.Apologize for your mistake but dont beat yourself upB.Usually you can correct your error or just forget about it and move onC.You can use your lunch hour or come into work earlyD.Pointing fingers wont help you if you make a mistakeE.Strengthen your friendship with your bossF.Youll feel ashamed if your colleague takes the responsibility for youG.You will look terrible if someone else discovers it答案与解析【解题导语】每个人都会犯错误,但是在工作中犯错常常会导致严重后果。如何改正工作中所犯的错误呢?本文给出了五点建议。16.B根据空处前句“每个人都会犯错误”并结合下文的“Simply correcting your mistake and moving on may not be an option.”可知,空处与下文对应,故此处应选B项表示“你通常会改正错误,或者干脆忘记它继续前行”。17.G由空前一句可知,不要试图掩盖错误。据此可以判断选G项,陈述掩盖错误的后果。18.D根据该段标题“Dont blame anyone else for your mistake.”可知,不要为你的错误指责他人。据此可知,该段主要阐述“不要推卸责任”这一建议,故选D项。19.A根据空处位置可知,空处为该段标题,即该段的主旨;根据该段的第一句“Theres a big difference between admitting your mistake and beating yourself up about it.”可知,该段主要阐述“为自己的错误道歉但是不要太责怪自己”,故选A项。20.C根据该段标题“Correct your mistake on your own time”可知,该段主要阐述“用自己的时间去改正错误”这一建议;C项中的“your lunch hour or come into work early”与“your own time”对应,故C项正确。13
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