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课时提能练(四十七)选修8Module 5The Conquest of the Universe课时作业A：基础层面.语境语法填空1Li Guang has made a series of plans of visiting the Mars.First, he must get himself accustomed(accustom) to the life in the Mars probe.Second, he has to have enough patience (patient) to consult the astronomer about how to grasp himself when in space.Third, he ought to_be(be) able to foresee what will happen once he set foot on Mars.2In spite of there being(be) varieties of difficulties in exploring the Mars, human being sets out to_land(land) on Mars.Whether you acknowledge it or not, our motherland has made great progress in exploring the space.3Do you know that the environment on the Mars is very similar to the Earths? If the assumption that there is water on the Mars proves to be true, it will have a great impact on our future life.Maybe in decades(decade), every one of us will have a chance to view our Earth on the Mars.语境改错文中共有5处错误，每句中最多有两处，请找出并改正。Long as I stay in England, I am still not accustom to the life here.So far I have been accused breaking the traffic rules four times.To me relief, my friends often come to see me.I think I must try my best to have patient and become used to the life here.Im sure I can make of it.答案Long as I stay in England, I am still not to the life here.So far I have been accused breaking the traffic rules four times.To relief, my friends often come to see me.I think I must try my best to have and become used to the life here.Im sure I can make of it.根据提示补全句子1他虽然是老师，但也不可能什么都懂。(as引导的让步状语从句)Teacher_as_he_is,_he cant know everything.2汤姆跟他弟弟一样都不用功。(no more .than)Tom is no_more_hardworking_than his brother.3随着电脑的发明， 社会似乎已经大大地改变了。(seem to)With the inventing of the computer, society seems_to_have_changed_greatly.4这位政府官员被指控滥用职权，任用他的亲戚朋友。(accuse)The government official was_accused_of_abusing his position to give jobs to his relatives and friends.5令我们感到宽慰的是，他的病没有我们担心的那么严重。(relief)To_our_relief,_his illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.课时作业B：能力层面.阅读理解 (2019安徽省示范高中模拟)Have you ever wondered when dogs first became “mans best friend” and the worlds favourite pet? If you have, then youre not alone.When and where dogs first began living side by side with humans are questions that have stirred hot debate among scientists.There are a few hard facts that all agree on.These include that dogs were once wolves and they were the first animal to be domesticated(驯养) by humans.They came into human lives some 15,000 years ago, before the dawn of agriculture.Beyond that, there is little agreement.The earliest bones found that are unquestionable dogs and not wolves date from 14,000 years ago.However, 30,000 yearold skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolves and some scientists think could be dogs.With such puzzling evidence, many scientists are now turning to DNA to find out when and where dogs were first domesticated.In one research project, tens of thousands of blood samples have been taken from street dogs around the world.The plan is to compare them with those of wolves.Its even possible to analyse DNA from ancient bones.Tiny pieces of the 30,000yearold skulls mentioned earlier are currently being studied, and another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones.Indeed, the ancient DNA may turn out to be more informative than the DNA of living dogs.Because dogs have accompanied humans around the world for thousands of years, their current distribution may tell us very little of their origins.This is why different groups of scientists believe that dogs variously originated in eastern Asia, Mongolia, Siberia, Europe or Africa.But why were the animals domesticated in the first place? The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out.Today, this is a way of life still shared by three quarters of a billion unowned dogs worldwide.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，狗是从狼驯化而来的；早在一万五千年之前狗就进入了我们的生活。科学家通过分析DNA去查证狗最初是在何时何地被驯养的。1Which is the only statement generally agreed on by scientists studying dogs?ADogs originally were used as farm animals.BDogs evolved from wolves found in Europe.CDogs helped the development of agriculture.DDogs were the first animal to be kept as pets.D细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Have you ever wondered when dogs first became mans best friend and the worlds favourite pet”，再结合倒数第二句可知，狗是第一种被人类驯养成宠物的动物，故D项正确。2Why does the writer first mention the 30,000yearold animals skulls?ATo show that dogs were much larger in the past.BTo prove that dogs developed from Asian wolves.CTo suggest that dogs may have evolved much earlier.DTo argue that dogs were first kept in France and Belgium.C推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“However,30,000yearold skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolves and some scientists think could be dogs”可知，在法国和比利时已经发现了3万年前的头骨，它们不完全是狼的，科学家认为有一些可能是狗的。据此可推知，该处提及三万年前的头骨旨在说明狗的进化历史更早，故C项正确。3How did scientists determine the origins of the ancient dogs found in Alaska?ABy analyzing the age of their bones.BBy examining the animals DNA.CBy studying the shape of their skulls.DBy comparing them with modern dogs.B细节理解题。根据第三段尾句中的“another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones”可知，科学家是通过检测DNA的方法来判断阿拉斯加狗的起源的，故B项正确。4Why did dogs start living with humans?ABecause they were attracted by food.BBecause they were trapped by humans.CBecause they couldnt survive in the wild.DBecause they were trained to protect villages.A推理判断题。根据尾段第二句“The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out”可知，最近的一种说法是，狗是自己驯养自己的，最初生活在我们古老的村庄里或周围，吃人们扔掉的食物。据此可推知，狗和人生活在一起的原因是它们被食物所吸引，故A项正确。4
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