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课时提能练15-16课时提能练(十五)Book 3Unit 2Language课时作业A：基础层面.单句语法填空1Its not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.2Occupying(occupy) herself with routine tasks，she had no time to attend to her children.3He rose from his seat and answered the question raised (raise) by the teacher.4All of a sudden，he stood directly，representing(represent) his ideas to the people present at the meeting.5We listened to the news with a mixture (mix) of surprise and horror.语境语法填空English has many difficult rules 1.that/which confuse people.Before the middle of the 5th century，people in Britain all spoke Celtic.Then two 2.Germanic (German) groups from the European mainland and the Vikings from Northern European countries 3.invaded(invade) Britain.They brought with them their languages，4.which are also mixed with Old English.By the 10th century，Old English 5.had_become(become) the official language of England.6.After the Normans conquered England，French was spoken in this country together with English，7.resulting(result) in even more words with similar meanings.Modern English includes many Latin and Greek words.8.Pronunciation (pronounce) also went through huge changes.9.It is certain that this process will continue，and people will keep 10.inventing (invent) new words and new ways of saying things.完成句子1据我所知，该风俗为中国独有。As far as I know，this custom is_unique_to_China.2有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。Some people waste food while_others_dont_have_enough.3是你们的而不是我们的决定使他卷入这个事件中。It was your decision rather than ours that led_to/contributed_to his being involved in the matter.4在课堂上，老师永远不会被电脑取代。Teachers will never be_replaced_by_computers in the classroom.5科学研究对人类非常有益。Scientific research is_of_great_benefit/very_beneficial_to mankind.课时作业B：能力层面.阅读理解A(2019陕西省部分学校摸底检测)Scientists are preparing to launch the worlds first machine to clean up the planets largest mass of ocean plastic.The experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patchabout 40,000 metric tonswithin five years.In the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine，creating the largest floating barrier ever made.The system，originally dreamt up by Mr.Slat，will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch，between Hawaii and California，which contains estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic.It will be the first ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997.Mr.Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea.“There were more bags than fish down there，” he recalls.Two years later he came up with a solution，quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a company.Mr.Slat says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone.“We as humanity created this problem，so I think its also our responsibility to help solve it，” he says.The Great Pacific Garbage Patch(GPGP) covers an area of 1.6 million square kilometers and contains at least 79,000 tons of plastic，research found last month.Most of it is made up of “ghost gear” parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear，such as nets and ropesoften from illegal fishing vessels.Ghost gear kills more than 100,000 whales，dolphins and seals each year，according to scientific surveys.Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic.Creatures eat plastic discarded in the sea thinking its food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly.Others are trapped and die of starvation or are strangled or suffocated by ghost gear.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。1What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean?AWaste.BOcean.CSystem.DMachine.A词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前的“collect half of”和第四段第一句中的“first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea”和第五段最后一句中的“parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear，such as nets and ropesoften from illegal fishing vessels”可推知，画线词的意思是“垃圾”。故选A。2Which one makes up most of the garbage in Pacific from the passage?AFishing vessels.BDolphins and seals.CGiant tubes.DAbandoned fishing gear.D细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Most of it is made up of ghost gearparts of abandoned and lost fishing gear，such as nets and ropesoften from illegal fishing vessels”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由废弃的钓鱼用具组成的。3Why do some creatures in The Great Pacific Garbage Patch die of starvation?ABecause they are killed by ghost gear.BBecause they are suffocated by ghost gear.CBecause they dont like eating plastic.DBecause they are not feeding properly.D细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句中的“but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly”可知，大太平洋垃圾带的一些生物死于饥饿是因为它们不能真正地进食。4What is the main idea of the passage?AA report about the death of marine life.BNews about the first machine to clean up ocean plastic.CInformation about ocean plastic.DThe reason for inventing a machine.B主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。第一段“Scientists are preparing to launch the worlds first machine to clean up the planets largest mass of ocean plastic”点明了文章的主题。故选B。B(2019合肥市第二次教学质量检测)Classifying things is critical for our daily lives.For example，we have to detect spam mail(垃圾邮件)，false political news.When we use AI，such tasks are based on “classification technology” in machine learning having the computer learn，using the boundary separating positive and negative data.For example，“positive” data would be photos including a happy face，and “negative” data photos that include a sad face.Once a classification boundary is learned，the computer can determine whether certain data are positive or negative.However，the difficulty with this technology is that it requires both positive and negative data for the learning process，and negative data are not available in many cases.For instance，when a retailer(零售商) is trying to predict who will make a purchase，they can easily find data on customers who have purchased from them (positive data)，but it is basically impossible to obtain data on customers who have never purchased from them(negative data)，since they do not have access to their competitors data.According to lead author Takashi Ishida from RIKEN AIP，“Previous classification methods could not cope with the situation where negative data were not available，but we have made it possible for computers to learn with only positive data，as long as we have a confidence score for our positive data，constructed from information such as buying intention or the active rate of app users.Using our new_ method，we can let computers learn a classifier only from positive data equipped with confidence.”According to Ishida，“This discovery could expand the range of applications where classification technology can be used.Even in fields where machine learning has been actively used，our classification technology could be used in new situations where only positive data can be gathered due to data regulation or business constraints(限制)In the near future，we hope to put our technology to use in various research fields，such as natural language processing，computer vision，robotics，and bioinformatics.”【语篇解读】分类对我们的日常生活至关重要。然而在分类技术机器学习过程中，分类既需要积极的数据，也需要消极的数据；而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的。现在科学家能用分类技术使机器学习只识别积极的数据。5How can the computer distinguish the positive data from the negative data?ABy learning the classification boundary.BBy updating the data collected regularly.CBy separating happy faces and sad ones.DBy introducing classification technology.A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Once a classification boundary is learned，the computer can determine whether certain data are positive or negative”可知，一旦学习了分类边界，计算机就可以确定某些数据是积极的还是消极的，由此可知，计算机是通过学习分类边界来区分积极数据和消极数据的。6Why is the example mentioned in Paragraph 2?ATo prove how important the positive data are.BTo confirm that data on customers are complete.CTo argue that retailers get their competitors data.DTo explain why negative data are hard to acquire.D细节理解题。根据文章的第二段，尤其是第一句“However，the difficulty with this technology is that it requires both positive and negative data for the learning process，and negative data are not available in many cases”可知，在学习过程中，它既需要积极的数据，也需要消极的数据，而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的，进而后面举例说明解释了为什么消极的数据很难获得。7What do the underlined words“new method”in Paragraph 3 refer to?AAnalyzing buying intention.BBuilding a confidence score.CAssessing the active rate of app users.DEquipping the computer with confidence.B推理判断题。根据文章的第三段，尤其是画线词组前一句中的“but we have made it possible for computers to learn with only positive data，as long as we have a confidence score for our positive data，constructed from information such as buying intention or the active rate of app users”可推知，画线词组所在句表示使用这种建立信心指数的新方法，我们就可以让电脑只用积极的数据来学习，故画线词组是指建立信心指数。8What can be a suitable title for the text?AThe History of Classification TechnologyBSmarter AI: Machine Learning Without Negative DataCBigger Data: Computers Assisting Language ProcessingDThe Comparison between Positive Data and Negative DataB标题归纳题。通读全文可知，分类对我们的日常生活至关重要。然而在分类技术机器学习过程中，分类既需要积极的数据，也需要消极的数据，而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的。现在科学家能用分类技术使机器学习只识别积极的数据。.完形填空(2019福建省质量检查测试)Every year，the fifth graders at Brookstone Elementary School went on a field trip to Washington，D.C.Terence _1_ the exciting trip，and was _2_ to go the next year.Terence asked his parents _3_ if they would pay for half of the trip if he earned the other half of the money himself.His parents _4_.He had almost a year to earn $150.His first _5_ was to earn money by babysitting，and he typed a nice letter _6_ that “he would babysit during his neighbors _7_”He named a few afternoons available and said he would _8_ $1 per hour per child.After five babysitting _9_， he earned $45.When the _10_ weather arrived，Terence knocked on his neighbors doors to ask if they needed help with _11_ work.He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens.After the summer was over，he earned $75.When the fall arrived，he counted his money and _12_ that he still needed $30 for his trip.Soon his mom saw a(n) _13_ for a job for him.He got a job _14_ newspapers every Wednesday afternoon，making 5 cents for every paper，$10 _15_ each Wednesday.It wasnt long before he had _16_ money to go on the trip to Washington，D.C.He was _17_ in time.The class trip was on October 15.His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they _18_ him.What a great feeling! He helped _19_ the cost of his trip.This experience _20_ Terence in many ways，making his dream a reality with great efforts.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。小学生Terence非常渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行，他希望自己挣一半旅费，另一半由父母资助。父母答应后，他通过帮邻居照看小孩、修剪花园和给花园除杂草等工作攒够了钱。1A.prepared forBlaid outCreferred toDheard aboutD根据空前一句可知，每年Terence所在学校的五年级学生都要去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；结合该句中的“to go the next year”可知，Terence应该是听说了这个激动人心的旅行，就渴望来年也去。D项意为“听说”，故D项正确。2A.dyingBgratefulCluckyDproudA参见上题解析。be dying to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“渴望做某事”，故A项正确。3A.curiouslyBcasuallyCanxiouslyDbrieflyC根据上文可知，Terence渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；又结合语境可知，此处表示Terence急切地问他的父母是否愿意支付他参加旅行的一半费用。C项意为“急切地，渴望地”，故C项正确。4A.submittedBagreedCbargainedDrefusedB根据下文可知，他有近一年的时间去挣150美元；又根据下文中的“His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they _ him”可知，他的父母同意(agreed)为他支付一半的旅行费用。5A.ideaBjobCconclusionDsuggestionA根据该句中的“to earn money by babysitting” “typed a nice letter”并结合语境可知，他的第一个主意(idea)就是通过代人临时照看孩子来挣钱，并打了一封信，信上说(saying)在邻居不在时他可以帮他们照看孩子。6A.declaringBconfirmingCshowingDsayingD参见上题解析。7A.stayBcompanyCinteractionDabsenceDabsence“缺席，不在”符合语境，故D项正确。8A.payBspendCchargeDdonateC根据该句中的“$1 per hour per child”并结合语境可知，Terence帮邻居照看孩子的收费标准是每个孩子每小时一美元。C项意为“收费，开价”，故C项正确。9A.negotiationsBsessionsCattemptsDinterviewsB根据语境可知，在帮助邻居照看五次孩子后，他赚了45美元。B项意为“一段时间”，符合语境，故B项正确。10A.warmBfineCunusualDchangeableA根据下文“He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens”可知，该处指当温暖的(warm)天气来临时，他敲邻居们的门问是否需要帮忙做院子(yard)里的工作。11A.yardBpaperCschoolDvolunteerA参见上题解析。12A.admittedBdeterminedCcomplainedDinsistedB根据该句中的“he still needed $30 for his trip”和语境可知，数过钱后，他算出还需要30美元。determine“准确算出”符合语境。13A.directoryBpermitCadvertisementDemailC根据下文中他开始送报纸，并结合语境和常识可知，很快他的妈妈看到一个广告(advertisement)，为他找到了一份工作。14A.editingBupdatingCprintingDdeliveringD根据该句中的“newspapers every Wednesday afternoon，making 5 cents for every paper”可知，他得到了一份在每周三下午送报纸的工作，每份报纸挣5美分，每周三总共(in total)挣10美元；deliver newspapers意为“送报纸”，故D项正确。15A.at onceBon timeCafter allDin totalD参见上题解析。16A.extraBmuchCenoughDeasyC根据上文描述的他还需要30美元和他每周三送报纸挣10美元可知，不久他就有足够的(enough)钱去华盛顿旅行了。17A.justBevenCeverDstillA根据下文“The class trip was on October 15”可推知，秋天时他赚够了钱，正好赶上旅行。A项意为“正好”，故A项正确。18A.owedBlentCpromisedDorderedC根据上文他的父母同意给他出一半的钱可知，此处表示他的父母给了之前向他承诺的150美元的支票。C项意为“承诺”，故C项正确。19A.countBcoverCestimateDreduceB根据上文可知，他挣了150美元，他的父母又给他150美元，所以他攒够了足以支付自己旅行的费用。B项意为“足以支付，够付”，符合语境，故B项正确。20A.astonishedBshapedCexcitedDimpressed B根据语境并结合选项可知，这段经历在很多方面塑造了(shaped) Terence，他以巨大的努力使自己的梦想成为现实。课时提能练(十六)Unit 2Language课时作业A：基础层面.语境语法填空AAside from Britain，the USA and Australia also have made great 1.contributions (contribution) to the development of English.Though their English 2.differs (differ) from each other，they cant 3.be_mistaken(mistake)English is one of the 4.official (office) languages in many countries，which plays an important part in the international communication.It is certain 5.that most scientific achievements are in English and therefore it is necessary to learn English well.Many websites are in English.Therefore，it is 6.convenient (convenience) to learn it.BBy the 10th century，Old English 1.had_become(become) the official language of England.After the Normans conquered England，French was spoken in this country together with English，resulting in even 2.more (many) words with similar meanings.Modern English 3.includes (include) many Latin and Greek words.Pronunciation also went 4.through huge changes.It is certain 5.that this process will continue，and people will keep 6.inventing (invent) new words and new ways of saying things.根据提示补全句子1那就是我认为长江之行将是一个更好的选择的原因。(why)That is why_I_think_the_trip_along_the_Yangtze_River_will_be_a_better_ choice.2(2017全国卷满分作文)我认为这对你参观剪纸展览有很大的用处。(be ofn.)I think it is_of_great_use for you to visit the papercutting exhibition.3唯一容易学的语言是母语。(beadj.to do)The only language that is_easy_to_learn is ones mother tongue.4英式英语和美式英语在发音和拼写方面有明显的区别。(differ)British English differs_obviously_from American English in pronunciation and spelling.课时作业B：能力层面.阅读理解A(2019郑州一中入学摸底测试)Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work，but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.But while its long been believed that endorphins(内啡肽)chemicals in the body that cause happinessare behind the socalled “runners high”，a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities，a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids(内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.To test this theory，the scientists turned to mice.Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise，along with many other chemicals.After exercising on running wheels，the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety.But after being given a drug to block their endorphins they changed.However，when their endocannabinoids were block with a different drug，the runners high symptoms seemed to fade.“The longheld notion of endorphins being responsible for the runners high is false.Endorphins are effective pain relievers，but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out，” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on a science blog.Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans，but its already well known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety.The UKs National Health Service even prescribes(开药方)exercise for patients who are suffering from depression.“Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy，which might put you off being more active.Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression，and its especially useful for people with mild to moderate(中等的) depression，” it wrote on its website.It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout，even if we dont fully understand where it comes from.At least if were feeling down，we know that all we have to do is put on our running shoes.【语篇解读】本文主要探究了影响运动者情绪高涨的因素。1What did scientists from German universities recently discover?AWorking out is a highly effective way to treat depression.BThe runners high could be caused by endocannabinoids.CEndorphins may contribute to ones high spirits after running.DThe level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect ones mood.B细节理解题。根据第三段“According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities，a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids(内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling”可知，德国一些大学的科学家们最近发现了跑步后的快感是由内源性大麻素引起的，故选B。2The scientists gave mice drugs in their experiment to _.Afind what reduces the runners high symptomsBsee the specific symptoms of the runners highCidentify what is responsible for the runners highDtest what influences the level of endocannabinoids releasedC推理判断题。根据对第二段和第三段的整体理解，并结合第四段“To test this theory，the scientists turned to mice”可推知，科学家们拿老鼠做实验是为了确定究竟是哪种物质会引起跑步者的情绪高涨，故选C。3The underlined word “notion” in Paragraph 7 has the closest meaning to _.AeffectBgoalCquestionDbeliefD词义猜测题。根据对全文内容的理解可知，该词所在句子与第二段“But while its long been believed that endorphins(内啡肽)chemicals in the body that cause happinessare behind the socalled runners high， a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew”呼应，并结合本句结构可推知，此处notion与believed相呼应，故选D。4According to the UKs National Health Service，regular workouts _.Aare the best way to treat depressionBcan help ease depression symptomsConly work for those with serious depressionDcan help people completely recover from depressionB细节理解题。根据倒数第三、四段和倒数第二段第二句“Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression，and its especially useful for people with mild to moderate(中等的)depression”可知，常规锻炼有利于情绪好转，缓解抑郁症状，故选B。B(2019昆明市摸底调研)Nine months ago，I was packing my daughters backpack with new school supplies，wondering how I was going to send her off to kindergarten.I stood on the playground，tears pouring down my face because I wasnt ready for this first day of kindergartenbut she was ready.Today I will be standing on the playground，once again with tears，because this precious time went by too quickly.This week I realized that I never told you “thank you”I dont know how to express a mothers thanks in the way a teacher deserves.We first met you at the open house the week before school started and I immediately knew you would be the type of teacher we would appreciate forever. While the students lined up for the day，you touched each one on the shoulder as you greeted them.If a student was having a tough morning，you quietly held his hand and walked him into the school.I got to know you as I volunteered in the lunch room.You made sure your students were all ready for lunch before you went on your own lunch break.You kept track of their big things and small things，because as a veteran kindergarten teacher，you know that the small things
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