2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前模拟强化练习题56（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Because of its favorable climate, its easy access to the principal silk and tea producing area, and its（ ）to the main interior trade routes, Shanghai attracted more foreign attention than any other port in China.问题1选项A.distanceB.in the neighborhoodC.proximityD.in the neighborhood of【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义短语搭配辨析。A选项distance“距离”；B选项in the neighborhood“在附近”；C选项proximity“接近”；D选项in the neighborhood of“在附近”。proximity to邻近某段，为固定搭配。句意：宜人的气候，进入丝绸茶叶的主产地的便利以及国内主要的商业圈，让上海比中国其他地区更能引起外国的注意。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题The rear section of the brain does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.问题1选项A.advancedB.growingC.frontD.back【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。rear在句中是后面的，后方的；A选项advanced“高级的，先进的”；B选项growing“成长的”；C选项front“前面的”；D选项back“后面的”。句意：大脑后部不会随着年龄的增长而收缩，一个人可以在没有智力或情感能力的情况下继续生活。因此只有D符合。3. 单选题Theory and science are nurtured in material environments, and application is a powerful（ ）to thought. In this respect he was a great planter of ideas.问题1选项A.encouragementB.spurC.driveD.driving force【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项encouragement“鼓舞”；B选项spur“鞭策，刺激”；C选项drive“驱动”，常用表达：a drive to sth，D选项driving force“驱动力，推动力”，常用表达：driving force for sth，跟后面的“to”不搭，可排除D选项。句意：理论科学是在物质环境中产生的，而应用则是思想的强力。在这方面，他是一个伟大的思想传播者。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题I didnt know it then, but this disruptive way of reading started with the very first novel I ever picked up.问题1选项A.harmfulB.persistentC.interruptiveD.characteristic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。disruptive在句中是“破坏性的，扰乱性的”；A选项harmful“有害的”；B选项persistent“持久稳固的”；C选项interruptive“中断的，阻碍的”；D选项characteristic“有特征的”，句意：我当时不知道，但这种颠覆性的阅读方式始于我捡到的第一本小说。因此只有C项符合。5. 不定项选择题(1) Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asials deadly bird flu virus, a top Vietnamese official said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting the disease.(2) A dozen Vietnamese have died of bird flu since Dec.30, raising concerns that the disease could be re-emerging after an outbreak last year spread to 10 Asian countries, forcing the slaughter of more than 100 million birds.(3) “Its difficult to change their habit but we need to educate them, “Bui Quang Anh, head of the Department for Animal Health, said Tuesday.”Once they understand and follow all the instructions, we can prevent the virus from spreading.(4) Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures, such as strict hygiene standards and regular disinfection, Anh said. The most recent outbreak was only reported in small farms, which failed to apply preventive measures, he said.(5) New regulations should include separating ducks from chickens, requiring ducks to be raised in cages and improving hygiene measures, Anh said. Ducks should not roam freely in rice fields as they do now in the southern Mekong Delta, he added.(6) The conference will be looking at a variety of issues, including mass vaccinations, flu research, farm hygiene, animal husbandry practices and improving coordination between animal health and human health agencies.(7) The virus, which in the last year has killed 46 people including32 from Vietnam and 12 from Thailandhas yet to mutate into a form that can be transmitted between humans. But scientists say it may mutate to a human form that could become as deadly as the ones that killed millions during three influenza pandemics of the 20th century.31. The subject of the international conference mentioned in the first paragraph is about（ ）.32. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?33. According to the passage, which of the following measures are NOT effective in fighting against the bird flu?34. We can infer from the last paragraph that（ ）.35. The best title for the passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.batting the SARSB.epidemic disease controlC.fighting the avian fluD.public health问题2选项A.Bird flu was first found in Vietnam.B.Big commercial farms have taken preventive measures to curb bird flu.C.Bui Quang Anh believes that it is impossible to prevent the bird flu.D.1, 000 birds were killed during the last year outbreak of bird flu.问题3选项A.to adopt strict hygiene standards in poultry farmsB.to carry out regular disinfectionC.to raise ducks and chickens separatelyD.to stop poultry trade问题4选项A.currently the bird flu virus cannot be transmitted between humansB.the bird flu virus is easy to mutateC.the bird flu has killed millions of peopleD.the bird flu is more deadly than common influenza问题5选项A.Bird Flu: A Deadly DiseaseB.What Can We Learn from the Bird FluC.Vietnam: the Biggest Victim of the Bird FluD.Official Urges Farmers to Curb Bird Flu【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】31.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“第一段提到的国际会议的主题是关于”。根据文章第一段Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asials deadly bird flu virus, a top Vietnamese official said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting the disease.（越南一位高级官员在星期三召开的防治禽流感国际会议前夕说，家禽养殖户需要采用严格的卫生标准来遏制亚洲的致命禽流感病毒。）可知，国际会议的主题是关于抗击禽流感，因此C项“抗击禽流感”正确。A项“打击非典”，文中没有提到非典；B项“流行性疾病的控制”，第一段没有提到控制方面的内容；D项“公共健康”不符题意。故该题选C。32.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据短文，下列哪个陈述是正确的？”。根据第四段第一句话Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures, such as strict hygiene standards and regular disinfection, Anh said.（Anh说，大型商业农场从第一次疫情中吸取了教训，并采取了预防措施，如严格的卫生标准和定期消毒）可知B项“大型商业农场已经采取了预防措施来控制禽流感”正确。A项“禽流感首先在越南被发现”，文中没有明确说到禽流感是在越南发现的；C项“Bui Quang Anh认为预防禽流感是不可能的”，根据第五段第一句话New regulations should include separating ducks from chickens, requiring ducks to be raised in cages and improving hygiene measures, Anh said.（Anh说，新的规定应该包括把鸭和鸡分开，要求鸭在笼子里饲养，并改善卫生措施。）可知，一些卫生措施是可以采取用来预防禽流感的，所以C项错误。D项“在去年爆发的禽流感中，有1000只家禽被杀死”，根据第二段最后一句the disease could be re-emerging after an outbreak last year spread to 10 Asian countries, forcing the slaughter of more than 100 million birds.（去年禽流感疫情曾蔓延到10个亚洲国家，导致1亿多只家禽被宰杀。）可知，不是1000只，而是1亿多只，D项错误。故该题选B。33.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据短文，下列哪项措施不能有效地对抗禽流感？”根据文章第四段Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures, such as strict hygiene standards and regular disinfection（大型商业农场从第一次疫情中吸取了教训，并采取了预防措施，如严格的卫生标准和定期消毒）和第五段New regulations should include separating ducks from chickens, requiring ducks to be raised in cages and improving hygiene measures（新的规定应该包括把鸭和鸡分开，要求鸭在笼子里饲养，并改善卫生措施）可知，A项“推行严格的家禽卫生标准”，B项“定期进行消毒”和C项“分开饲养鸭和鸡”均已提及，只有D项“停止家禽贸易”文中没有提到。故该题选D。34.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从最后一段我们可以推断”。根据最后一段第一句has yet to mutate into a form that can be transmitted between human（目前尚未变异成可在人与人之间传播的病毒）可知，目前禽流感还不能在人与人之间传播，因此A项“目前禽流感病毒不能在人与人之间传播”正确。B项“禽流感病毒很容易变异”，第五段最后一句提到But scientists say it may mutate to a human form（但是科学家们说，这种病毒可能会变异），由此可知，禽流感病毒是可能会变异但不一定很容易变异，B项错误；C项“禽流感已经夺去了数百万人的生命”，根据最后一段第一句The virus, which in the last year has killed 46 people including-32 from Vietnam and 12 from Thailand（这种病毒去年已造成46人死亡，其中包括32名越南人和12名泰国人）可知，C项错误；D项“禽流感比普通流感更致命”，最后一句说到it may mutate to a human form that could become as deadly as the ones that killed millions during three influenza pandemics of the 20th century.（这种病毒可能会变异，就像20世纪三次流感大流行中导致数百万人死亡的那种病毒一样致命），由此可知是变异后可能会比普通流感更致命，所以D项错误。故该题选A。35.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“文章最好的标题是”。文章全篇主要讲述的是禽流感的预防措施和控制，根据文章首段(6) Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asials deadly bird flu virus, a top Vietnamese official said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting the disease.（越南一位高级官员在星期三召开的防治禽流感国际会议前夕说，家禽养殖户需要采用严格的卫生标准来遏制亚洲的致命禽流感病毒。）可知，本文是讲述官方如何督促农民控制禽流感，所以D项“官方督促农民控制禽流感”符合题意。A项“禽流感：致命的疾病”太片面，因此不选；B项“我们能从禽流感中学到什么”，文中没有提到这些内容，B项错误；C项“越南：禽流感最大的受害者”，文章也未提及越南是禽流感的最大受害者。故该题选D。6. 单选题The unfortunate death of the genius poet caused（ ）loss to this country.问题1选项A.pricelessB.countlessC.incalculableD.imaginable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项priceless“无价的”；B选项countess“无数的，数不尽的”；C选项incalculable“不可计算的”；D选项imaginable“可想象的”。句意：那位天才诗人的不幸死亡给国家带来了不可计算的损失。结合句意，只有C选项符合。7. 问答题The years between 1870 and 1895 brought enormous changes to the theater in the United States as the resident company was undermined by touring groups, as New York became the only major center of production, and as the long run replaced the repertory（库存）system. By 1870, the resident stock company was at the peak of its development in the United States.The 50 permanent companies of 1870, however, had dwindled to 20 by 1878, to 8 by 1880, to 4 by 1887, and had almost disappeared by 1900. While the causes of this change are numerous, probably the most important was the rise of the “combination” company (that is, one that travels with stars and full company). Sending out a complete production was merely a logical extension of touring by stars. By the 1840s many major actors were already taking along a small group of lesser players, for they could not be sure that local companies could supply adequate support in secondary roles.There is much disagreement about the origin of the combination company. Bouciault claimed to have initiated it around 1860 when he sent out a troupe with Colleen Bawn, but a book published in 1859 speaks of combination companies as already established. Joseph Jefferson also declared that he was a pioneer in the movement. In actuality, the practice probably began tentatively during the 1850s, only to be interrupted by the Civil War. It mushroomed in the 1870s, as the rapid expansion of the railway system made it increasingly feasible to transport full productions. In 1872, Lawrence Barrett took his company, but no scenery, on tour; in 1876, Rose Michel was sent out with full company, scenery, and properties. By the season of 18761877 there were nearly 100 combination companies on the road, and by 1886 there were 282.81. What was the trend for the resident stock companies at the end of the 19th century?82. According to the passage, the major reason for the decline of the resident stock companies was83. Why did many important actors join some minor players in 1840s?84. According to the passage, the development of full touring companies was aided by85. Why is Lawrence Barrentt mentioned in the passage?【答案】81.They declined/dwindled gradually and almost disappeared by 1900.82.The major reason was the rise of the “combination” company.83.For they could not be sure that local companies could supply adequate support in secondary roles.84.Railway system85.He served as an example of the development of full company and he took an early combination company on tour.【解析】81.【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段第三句had dwindled to 20 by 1878, to 8 by 1880, to 4 by 1887, and had almost disappeared by 1900.（到1878年减少到20个，到1880年减少到8个，到1887年减少到4个，到1900年几乎消失）可知答案。82.【试题解析】细节事实题。问题：居民股票公司衰落的主要原因。定位到文章第一段第四句 While the causes of this change are numerous, probably the most important was the rise of the “combination” company.（虽然造成这种变化的原因很多，但最重要的可能是美国经济的崛起“联合”公司）可知答案。83.【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段最后By the 1840s many major actors were for they could not be sure that local companies could supply adequate support in secondary roles.（到了18世纪40年代，许多主要的行动者已经开始与一小部分较小的行动者合作，因为他们不能确定当地公司是否能够在次要的领域提供足够的支持）可知答案。84.【试题解析】细节事实题。问题：为什么许多重要的演员在1840年加入了一些次要的角色?定位到文章倒数第三句It mushroomed in the 1870s, as the rapid expansion of the railway system made it increasingly feasible to transport full productions.（它如雨后春笋般出现在19世纪70年代，因为铁路系统的迅速扩张使得运输全部产品变得越来越可行。）可知答案。85.【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段首句可知，本段主旨是关于合并公司的起源。定位到文章最后两句In 1872, Lawrence Barrett took his company（1872年，劳伦斯巴雷特接管了他的公司）；By the season of 1876-1877 there were nearly 100 combination companies on the road, and by 1886 there were 282.（到1876年至1877年的这个季节，有近100家联合公司，到1886年有282家），由此可知是在举关于combination company on tour的例子，而且根据文意可知Lawrence Barrett接手了早期的合并公司。8. 翻译题1. Translate the following passage into Chinese.Water is a limited natural resource and a public good fundamental for life and health. The human right to water is indispensable for leading a life in human dignity. It is a prerequisite for the realization of other human rights. The Committee has been confronted continually with the widespread denial of the right to water in developing as well as developed countries. Over 1 billion persons lack access to a basic water supply, while several billion do not have access to adequate sanitation, which is the primary cause of water contamination and diseases linked to water. The continuing contamination, depletion and unequal distribution of water is exacerbating existing poverty. States have to adopt effective measures to realize, without discrimination, the right to water.【答案】参考译文：水是一种有限的自然资源，是人们生活和健康的公共基本物质。水的权力是人类尊严的生活所必不可少的，是实现其他所有人权的先决条件。委员会一直面临着发展中国家以及发达国家对水的权力的普遍反对。超过十亿人缺乏基本的水供给，而数十亿人没有适当的卫生设施，而这是水污染和水有关的疾病的主要原因。持续的污染、损耗和水的分配不均加剧了目前的贫困状况。国家应该放下歧视，采取有效措施来实现水权。9. 单选题I should be able to finish the task on time,（ ）you provide me with the necessary guidance.问题1选项A.in caseB.provided thatC.or elseD.as if【答案】B【解析】考查条件句。前半部分说“我应该能按时完成任务”，后半部分是条件“只要你提供给我必要的指导”。A选项in case“万一”；B选项provided that“只要”；C选项or else“否则，要不然”；D选项as if“好像”，结合句意，只有B项符合。10. 单选题At dusk, Mr. Hightower would sit in his old armchair in the backyard and wistfully lose in reminiscence of his youth romances.问题1选项A.hopefullyB.reflectivelyC.sympatheticallyD.irresistibly【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。wistfully在句中是“渴望地，希望地”；A选项hopefully“希望地”；B选项reflectively“沉思地”；C选项sympathetically“同情地，怜悯地”；D选项irresistibly“不可抗拒地”。句意：黄昏时分，海托先生会坐在后院的旧扶手椅上渴望沉浸在他青春恋情的回忆中。根据选项，只有A项符合。11. 单选题The problem is that the loss of confidence among the soldiers can be highly contagious.问题1选项A.spreadingB.contemptibleC.contentedD.depressing【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。contagious在句中是“传染性的，会感染的”；A选项spreading“扩散的”；B选项contemptible“可鄙的”；C选项contented“满足的，心安的”；D选项depressing“沉闷的，阴沉的”。句意：问题是士兵们失去信心可能会传染。因此只有A项符合。12. 单选题The apartment was（ ）as $50,000 and its owner decided to sell it.问题1选项A.automatedB.assessedC.assertedD.avenged【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项automate“使自动化”，B项assess“评定，估价”，C项assert“坚持，断言”，D项avenge“报复，报仇”。句意：这套公寓的估价为5万美元，房主决定卖掉它。根据句意，该题选B正确。13. 单选题Before the construction of the road, it was prohibitively expensive to transport any furs or fruits across the mountains.问题1选项A.determinedlyB.incrediblyC.amazinglyD.forbiddingly【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。prohibitively在句中是“禁止地”，prohibitively expensive的意思是极其昂贵。A选项determinedly“坚定地，坚决地”；B选项incredibly“端地；令人难以置信地”；C选项amazingly“惊人地，令人惊讶地”；D选项forbiddingly“禁止地”。句意：在修路之前，把毛皮和水果运过山是非常昂贵的。根据选项词义，只有D项符合。14. 单选题With orders and counter-orders, and with pressure mounting on all sides, the question of where he was to go again（ ）.问题1选项A.has come to the foreB.came to the foreC.had come to the foreD.came to the spotlight【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。come to the fore“出现”。题中的句子只是一个普通的过去陈述句，所以选B。D选项“出现在聚光灯下”，不符合文章内容，可排除。句意：由于汇票、还盘以及各方面的压力的攀升，他要去哪里的问题又出来了。因此B选项正确。15. 单选题The Manchus had effected a coalition with the Chinese gentry class which secured the positions of both parties. The gentry were set apart from the commoners and given（ ）career privileges in the government bureaucracy.问题1选项A.inclusiveB.specialC.exclusiveD.especial【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项inclusive“包含的”；B选项special“专用的，专门的”；C选项exclusive“独有的，专有的”；D选项especial“特别的，尤其的”。根据前文贵族人与普通平民区分开来，可推测后文应该是赋予贵族独有的地位，exclusive含有“排他”之意，故答案选项为C。16. 单选题He felt a repugnance for the city because it was heavily under the influence of foreigners, whom he considered to be corrupt and（ ）.问题1选项A.unscrupulousB.with principlesC.in principleD.out of principle【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项unscrupulous“寡廉鲜耻，不讲道德的”；B选项with principles“符合原则的”；C选项in principle“大体上，原则上”；D选项out of principle“背离原则”。根据题干，可知此处应当填入一个形容词，且含有贬义，因此推测A选项正确。句意：他对这座城市感到厌恶因为这城市受外国人影响太严重了，而他眼中的外国人是堕落而又。因此A选项正确。17. 单选题Her remarks（ ）a complete disregard for human rights.问题1选项A.magnifiedB.maintainedC.manipulatedD.manifested【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项magnified“扩大，放大”；B选项maintained“保持，供养”；C选项manipulated“操纵，控制”；D选项manifested“表明，显示”，句意：她的评论表明了对人权的完全漠视，所以只有D选项符合。18. 单选题None of students in the class likes the mistress, who is used to being（ ）of everything they do.问题1选项A.emotionalB.optimisticC.interestedD.critical【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项emotional“情感的”；B选项optimistic“乐观的”；C选项interested“感兴趣的”；D选项critical“批评的，苛刻的”，句意：班里没有一个学生喜欢那位女老师，她惯于批评学生们所做的一切事。所以选D。19. 单选题Because Chinese social tradition emphasized the（ ）of the individual to his birthplace and family, those gentry who served in public office were discouraged from concerning themselves with their native localities.问题1选项A.glueB.feelingsC.separationD.attachment【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项glue“胶”；B选项feeling“感觉”；C选项separation“分离”；D选项attachment“连接，联系”，attach to“连接到”，为固定搭配。句意：因为中国的社会传统强调个人与他的出生地和家庭的连接，所以那些公职人员对于将他们与他们的祖籍在一起感到很懊丧。因此D选项正确。20. 单选题Other non-dominant males were hyperactive; they were much more active than is normal, chasing others and fighting each other.问题1选项A.hardly activeB.relatively activeC.extremely inactiveD.pathologically active【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。hyperactive在句中是“过分活跃”，A选项hardly active “几乎不活跃”；B选项relatively active“相对活跃”extremely inactive“极度不活跃”；D选项pathologically active“病态性活跃”。只有D项最符合。句意：其他不占优势的男性则是过度活跃；他们比正常人活跃得多，追逐他人，互相争斗。根据各选项词义，选D。