2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考前模拟强化练习题82（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题（ ）elephants are different from wild elephants in many aspects, including their tempers.问题1选项A.CultivatedB.RegulatedC.CivilD.Tame【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。cultivated“有教养的，栽培的”；regulated“约束，调节”；civil“有礼貌的”；tame“驯服的，乏味的”。句意：被驯服的大象与野生大象在许多方面有差异，包括性格。由wild可知此空应填与之意思相反的单词，故D项正确。2. 单选题In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play （ ） roles in raising children.问题1选项A.incapableB.indispensableC.insensibleD.infinite【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。incapable“不能的，无能力的”；indispensable“不可缺少的”；insensible“昏迷的，无知觉的”；infinite“无限的，无穷的”。句意：在中国的家庭当中，祖父母和其他的亲戚在养育孩子方面起着必不可少的作用。B项符合题意。3. 单选题Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations into（ ） ones.问题1选项A.turbulentB.tragicC.vulnerableD.suspicious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。turbulent“动荡，湍流的”；tragic“悲剧的，悲痛的”；vulnerable“易受攻击的”；suspicious“可疑的，怀疑的”。句意：谣言到处都是,恐惧蔓延,损害的声誉,并让平静的情形陷入动荡中。A项符合题意。4. 单选题（ ）occasional differences of opinion, Ron and Paul get along very well.问题1选项A.Except forB.Out ofC.In spite ofD.In addition to【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项 Except for“除了.以外”；B选项Out of“由于”；C选项In spite of“尽管，不顾”；D选项In addition to“除.之外，还有.”。句意：尽管偶尔意见有分歧，但罗恩和保罗相处得很好。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题The news you told me the other day has yet to be（ ） .问题1选项A.affirmedB.informedC.confirmedD.conformed【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项affirm“确认，断言”；B选项inform“通知，告密”；C选项confirm“确认，证实”；D选项conform“符合，遵守”。根据句意“你前几天告诉我的消息还没有被证实。”选项C符合句意。6. 单选题Many people are asking whether traditional research universities in fact have any future（ ）.问题1选项A.at allB.so farC.in allD.on end【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。at all“根本，究竟”；so far“到目前为止”；in all“总共，合计”；on end“竖着，连续着”。句意：许多人在询问，传统的研究型大学实际上到底还有没有前途。A项符合题意。7. 单选题The government is trying to do something to（ ） better understanding between the two countries.问题1选项A.raiseB.promoteC.heightenD.increase【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。raise“提高，筹集”；promote“促进，提升”；heighten“提高，增高”；increase“增加，增大”。句意：政府正在努力做一些事情来促进两国之间更好的理解。B项符合题意。8. 单选题Too much（ ）to X-rays can cause skin burns cancer or other damage to the body.问题1选项A.disclosureB.exhibitionC.contactD.exposure【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项disclosure“披露，揭发”；B选项exhibition“展览，显示”；C选项contact“接触”；D选项exposure“暴露”。句意：过多地暴露在X光下会导致皮肤灼伤、产生癌症或造成其他身体上的损伤。选项D符合句意。9. 单选题Vicky has been sad recently, for her plan to go to college（ ）at the last moment.问题1选项A.fell outB.fell behindC.fell inD.fell through【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项fell out“争吵”；B选项fell behind“落后，拖欠”；C选项fell in“排队，到期”；D选项fell through“未能实现”。根据句意“Vicky最近很伤心，因为她计划上大学，最后却未能实现。”选项D符合句意。10. 单选题What could be more frightening than a burst of lightning on a summer afternoon? The sky goes dark, the air goes cold. Then, out of nowhere there is a burst of blinding light and a deafening roar, and the world is completely covered in water. No wonder ancient man thought that lightning was the work of the gods.Modern scientists are still very impressed. Its the most scaring and most spectacular thing I know,” says Martin Uman, professor of electrical engineering at the University of Florida and author of several books on lightning.The bolts（闪电）that cut through the air are really channels for electrical energy. They measure about 2 inches across. Their length may be as short as 70 metres or as long as 20 kilometres. They speed through the air nearly half the speed of light. This is so fast that we cannot see that the bolt actually travels from the ground up to the clouds. In that short instant, the electricity heats the air around it up to five times the temperature of the surface of the sun.Although three-quarters of the bolts energy is used up in heat, enough remains to deliver a full 125 million volts（伏特）of electricity. If it hits a tree, the blast instantly boils the sap（树液）so strongly that the tree explodes. Lightning has sometimes made huge holes in the ground and cut huge rocks into two.Although one hundred lightning bolts shake the earth every secondthats 8 million a dayno one has found a way to use all this electricity.Lightning has many disadvantages. It starts millions of forest fires and destroys property worth millions of dollars every year. It is the major reason for electricity failures. But its biggest threat is to human life. Lightning kills many people by stopping their heart or breathing with its electric hammer.1.Why did early man think lightning come from the gods?2.In what way does the bolt travel?3.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage（ ）.4.Why cant we make use of lightning?5.Whats the temperature of the air heated by lightning?问题1选项A.Because he was frightened.B.Because it brought light.C.Because it brought water to the ground.D.Because it bursted suddenly in the sky.问题2选项A.In all directions.B.From the sky to the ground.C.From the ground to the sky.D.Across the sky.问题3选项A.Lightning kills large numbers of people every year.B.Lightning is the cause of millions of forest fires.C.Lightning causes millions of dollars worth of damage every year.D.Lightning helps to produce certain nitrogen compounds.问题4选项A.Because most of the energy from lightning is consumed in heating the air around it.B.Because the duration of lightning is too short.C.Because it is too dangerous to store its energy.D.Because we have not found any efficient way to collect its energy.问题5选项A.Its as hot as the surface of the sun.B.Its hotter than the surface of the sun.C.Its not so hot as the surface of the sun.D.Its sometimes hotter than the surface of the sun.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段首句提及“还有什么比夏天下午的闪电更可怕的呢?”接着后面主要描述闪电是如何让人感到害怕的，最后在第一段末句说到“难怪古人认为闪电是神的杰作。”由此可知，早期人们认为闪电来自于神是由于它让人感到害怕，所以选项A正确。2.细节事实题。根据第三段第五句“This is so fast that we cannot see that the bolt actually travels from the ground up to the clouds. 这是如此之快，以至于我们无法看到闪电实际上是从地面飞到云层上的。”由此可知，选项C正确。3.细节事实题。根据最后一段的内容“闪电有很多缺点。它每年引发数百万起森林火灾，毁坏价值数百万美元的财产。它还是电力故障的主要原因。但它最大的威胁是人类的生命。闪电通过电锤使人的心脏停止跳动或呼吸停止，许多人因此丧命。”由此可知，选项A、B、C在原文均有提及，只有选项D不是文章中的观点，所以本题选D。4.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的内容“尽管每秒钟有一百个闪电震动地球，也就是一天八百万次，但是没有人找到使用所有这些电能的方法。”也就是没有有效的办法收集电能，所以选项D符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“In that short instant, the electricity heats the air around it up to five times the temperature of the surface of the sun. 在那一瞬间，电流将周围的空气加热到太阳表面温度的五倍。”也就是比太阳表面的温度还要高，所以选项B正确。11. 单选题The statistical figures in that report are not（ ） .You should not refer to them.问题1选项A.accurateB.fixedC.delicateD.rigid【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。accurate“精确的”；fixed“确定的，固执的”；delicate“微妙的，精美的”；rigid“严格的，僵硬的”。句意：那份报告中的统计数字是不精确的，你不应该参考它们。A项符合题意。12. 单选题All the parts of this washing machine are（ ）, so that it is very convenient to replace them.问题1选项A.normalizedB.modernizedC.mechanizedD.standardized【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项normalized“标准化的，正常化的，常规化的”；B选项modernized“现代化的”；C选项mechanized“机械化的”；D选项standardized“标准化的，规范化的”。根据句意“这台洗衣机的所有部件都是标准化的，更换起来非常方便。”这里是说零件是合乎标准的，规范化的，所以选项D最恰当。13. 单选题He was so poor that he had（ ） than one hundred dollars.问题1选项A.no lessB.not lessC.no moreD.not more【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。no more than意为“至多，仅仅”。句意“他穷到仅仅只有一百美元。”选项C符合句意。14. 单选题Ten days ago the young man informed his boss of his intention to（ ）.问题1选项A.resignB.rejectC.retreatD.replace【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。resign“辞职”；reject“拒绝”；retreat“撤退，后退”；replace“代替，替换”。句意：十天前，这个年轻人告知了他的老板他要离职的打算。A项符合题意。15. 单选题The more a nations companies （ ）factories abroad, the smaller that countrys recorded exports will be.问题1选项A.lieB.spotC.standD.locate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。lie“躺，位于”；spot“认出，弄脏”；stand“使站立，忍受”；locate“位于，查找 的地点”。句意：一个国家位于国外的工厂越多，该国记录的出口就会越少。D项符合题意。16. 单选题The（ ） is nearly dead, so I cannot start the car again.问题1选项A.beanB.beamC.bakeD.battery【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。bean“豆”；beam“横梁，光线”；bake“烘烤食品”；battery“电池”。句意：这辆车的电池几乎废弃了，所以我不能再次启动它。D项符合题意。17. 单选题Electrical resistance is a common property of all materials,（ ） .问题1选项A.differs only in degreeB.only in degree it differsC.it only differs in degreeD.differing only in degree【答案】D【解析】考查分词结构。分析句子结构可知，两个独自的句子用逗号隔开且没有连词，说明后半句应使用非谓语成分，即动词的分词形式或不定式，这里只有选项D是非谓语结构，所以选项D正确。18. 单选题As a result of the strike, the Government is urging people to be（ ）with electricity.问题1选项A.economicB.economicalC.economyD.economics【答案】B【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项economic“经济上的”；B选项economical“经济的，节俭的”；C选项economy“经济，节约”；D选项economics“经济学”。根据句意“由于罢工，政府正在敦促人们节约用电。”be economical with意为“节约使用某物”。选项B正确。19. 单选题Everyone experiences fear during major crisissuch as fires, automobile accidents, etc. Some people even feel very nervous when they flying in airplanes. No matter how hard they try, they cannot lower their anxiety. Some of them enjoy talking about their fears while others resent being asked to discuss their anxiety by telling jokes. Some people try to hide their nervousness: they try to disguise their anxiety by telling jokes. Others become loud and aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes, sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control ones fearsto master anxiety.A number of factors can be mentioned as important in explaining why people have a fear of flying: early childhood experiences, general sense of security, fear of heights, trust in others, percentage of alcohol in blood, etc. The memory of a bad experience can sometimes trigger the same fear caused by that experience. Thus, a child might be frightened by the sight of a dog even though he is safe, merely because he once had a bad experience with a dog. A bad experience can be the cue that triggers our fears. But the crucial factor seems to be a feeling of no control.Usually we are able to suppress our feelings so that they do not affect our behavior. But sometimes the tension produced by our fears is so great that we cannot suppress it. At such time we need to discharge the tension by laughing or crying. By smiling foolishly and talking loudly, we are able to repress the rising feeling of fear so that it does not affect the way we behave.Because it is necessary to recognize a problem before it can be solved, admitting that we are afraid is an integral part of the process of mastering our fears.1.To make someone the butt of jokes means（ ）.2.What is the positive purpose of peoples telling jokes?3.To master anxiety means（ ）.4.According to the author, which of the following is the most important factor triggering the feeling of fear?5.According to the concluding paragraph, what is essential to go through the process of mastering ones fears?问题1选项A.to force someone to enjoy jokesB.to entitle someone to tell jokesC.to offend someone by jokesD.to make someone become the object of jokes问题2选项A.To disguise their anxietyB.To attack othersC.To control ones own fearsD.To show ones sense of humor问题3选项A.to conquer the feeling of nervousnessB.to hold back the feeling of uneasinessC.to be familiar with tensionD.to be good at the subject of anxiety问题4选项A.Early childhood experience.B.The general sense of security.C.The fear of heights.D.A feeling of no control.问题5选项A.To be conscious of the way of mastering fears.B.To admit the feeling of fears.C.To control ones feelings.D.To repress the rising feeling of fear.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.语义推断题。根据第一段的倒数二三句“Some people try to hide their nervousness: they try to disguise their anxiety by telling jokes. Others become loud and aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes. ”有些人试图通过讲笑话来掩饰他们的焦虑；另一些人则吵闹和好斗，攻击别人的方法是使人成为被取笑的对象。所以the butt of jokes指：被人取笑的对象。选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句“Sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control ones own fears to master anxiety. 有时让别人成为笑话的对象是为了控制自己的恐惧控制焦虑。”由此可知，人们讲笑话的积极目的是为了控制自己的恐惧和焦虑，所以选项C符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据第一段的最后一句“Sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control ones own fears to master anxiety.”可知，控制焦虑意味着要克服紧张不安的感觉，选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第二段最后一句“ But the crucial factor seems to be a feeling of no control. 但关键的因素似乎是一种失控的感觉。”选项D符合原文。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段的内容可知：在问题得以解决之前，有必要认识它，承认我们害怕是控制恐惧过程中不可分割的一部分。所以选项B符合原文。20. 单选题Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the “look-say” or “whole-word” method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, “learning how to learn” activities recommended by advocates（倡导者）of “open” classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run-Spot-Run” readers.However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate” in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Cant Read, Flesch indicted （控诉）the nations public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said-and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed_that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics（语音学）,is far superior.Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.1.The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is（ ）.2.The author indicts the look-say reading approach because（ ）.3.One major difference between the look-say method of learning reading and the phonics method is（ ） .4.The phrase “touch-off”（Para 3）most probably means（ ）.5.According to the author, which of the following statements is true?问题1选项A.only logical and naturalB.the expected positionC.probably a mistakeD.merely effective instruction问题2选项A.it overlooks decodingB.Rudolf Flesch agrees with itC.he says it is boringD.many schools continue to use this method问题3选项A.look-say is simplerB.Phonics takes longer to learnC.look-say is easier to teachD.phonics gives readers access to far more words问题4选项A.talk about shortlyB.start or causeC.compare withD.oppose问题5选项A.Phonics approach regards whole-word method as unimportant.B.The whole-word approach emphasizes decoding.C.In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.D.Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority of most common words can be learned.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. 但是依赖教育者来正确地完成这项任务可能是一个巨大的错误。”可知C项正确。2.细节事实题。由第二段“The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning letters, thinking over decoding, 整字阅读法强调单词的意义而不是字母的意义，思考而不是解码”可知A项正确。3.细节事实题。由最后一段“Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. 它提供了一套密码，通过这套密码，绝大多数英语中最常见的单词的发音都可以被学习，而不是建立一个记忆单词的相对有限的词汇。”可知语音学让学生学会发音的单词更多。故D项正确。4.词义题。由第三段“However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate” in beginning reading. 然而，在1955年，鲁道夫弗莱什在开始阅读时引发了所谓的“大辩论”。”选项中只有B项符合题意。5.推理判断题。由最后一段“Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step. 语音并没有贬低思考单词和句子意义的重要性;它只是认识到解码是逻辑和必要的第一步。”可知语音学习法认为解码是逻辑和必要的第一步。故C项正确。