2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷99

2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题They couldnt see a _ of hope that they would be saved by a passing ship.问题1选项A.grainB.spanC.slicedD.gleam【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. grain 谷物；谷粒 B. span 一段时间C. sliced 切成薄片 D. gleam 少量【答案】D【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】固定搭配：a gleam of hope “一线希望；一线生机”。由句意“他们看不到被一艘经过的船救下的希望。”可知，该选项符合语境。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合搭配。【句意】他们看不出有一线希望能被过路的船救起。2. 单选题Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotiona world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members or groups. Societys economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to ushurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social lifefrom what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself, it gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.1. The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that _.2. According to the passage, peoples learning activities are possible because they _.3. It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on _.4. Emotions are significant for mans survival and adaptation because _.5. The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they _.问题1选项A.they would not be able to tell the texture of objectsB.they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to themC.they would not be happy with a life without loveD.they would do things that hurt each others feelings问题2选项A.believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay aliveB.benefit from providing help and support to one anotherC.enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thingD.know what is vital to the progress of society问题3选项A.the ability to make moneyB.the will to work for pleasureC.the capacity to enjoy incentivesD.the categorizations of our emotional experiences问题4选项A.they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objectsB.they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintainedC.they encourage people to perform dangerous achievementsD.they generate more love than hate among people问题5选项A.help society exploit its members for profitB.encourage us to perform important tasksC.help to perfect the legal and penal systemD.help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1. 【选项释义】The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that _. 人们可能无法在没有情感的世界中生存的原因是_。A. they would not be able to tell the texture of objects A. 他们无法分辨物体的纹理B. they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them B. 他们不知道什么对他们有益，什么对他们有害C. they would not be happy with a life without love C. 没有爱的生活不会幸福D. they would do things that hurt each others feelings D. 他们会做伤害彼此感情的事【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段“想象一个突然间没有情感的世界一个人类感觉不到爱或幸福、恐惧或仇恨的世界。试着想象一下这种转变的后果。人们可能无法活下去：既不知喜也不知乐，既不知道焦虑也不知道恐惧，他们可能重复伤害自己的行为，就像重复有益的行为一样。（they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial）”由此可推断，没有感情的世界里，人们可能重复伤害或者有益的行为，因为他们不知道什么对他们有益，什么对他们有害。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项“他们无法分辨物体的纹理”，文章第二段第四句提到“但一个物体的物理方面没有它对我们所做或能做的事伤害我们、让我们惊讶、激怒我们或让我们快乐那么重要。”由此可知物体的物理方面对人们影响不大，因此不是人们无法生存的原因，该选项属于反向干扰；C选项“没有爱的生活不会幸福”，根据定位点可知，不只是没有爱的生活，还有恐惧和仇恨，该选项属于以偏概全；D选项“他们会做伤害彼此感情的事”，根据定位点可知，人们也会重复有益行为，该选项属于以偏概全。2. 【选项释义】According to the passage, peoples learning activities are possible because they _. 根据文章，人们的学习活动是可能的，因为他们_。A. believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay alive A. 相信情绪是他们生存的基础B. benefit from providing help and support to one another B. 受益于互相提供帮助和支持C. enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thing C. 享受因做正确的事情而得到奖励D. know what is vital to the progress of society D. 知道什么是对社会进步至关重要的【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段第五行“他们无法学习：他们无法从经验中获益，因为这个没有情感的世界将缺少奖励和惩罚（they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments）。”由此可推断他们学习是因为可以从经验中获益，从世界里获得奖励。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A选项“相信情绪是他们生存的基础”，文中虽然提到，但该选项与题目无关，该选项属于出处错位；B选项“受益于互相提供帮助和支持”，文中第一段提到“社会很快就会消失：人们互相伤害的可能性和提供帮助和支持的可能性一样大。”由此可知该选项与题目无关，该选项属于出处错位；D选项“知道什么是对社会进步至关重要的”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。3. 【选项释义】It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on _. 从文章中可以推断，社会的经济基础依赖于_。A. the ability to make money A. 赚钱的能力B. the will to work for pleasure B. 为快乐而工作的意愿C. the capacity to enjoy incentives C. 享受激励的能力D. the categorizations of our emotional experiences D. 我们对情感经验的分类【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段最后“社会的经济基础将被摧毁，因为不会有任何形式的激励。因为正如我们将看到的，激励意味着享受它们的能力。”由此可推断，社会的经济基础依赖于享受激励的能力。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A选项“赚钱的能力”，赚钱的能力只是激励能力的一种，该选项属于以偏概全；B选项“为快乐而工作的意愿”，工作的意愿只是享受激励能力的一种表现，该选项属于以偏概全；D选项“我们对情感经验的分类”，文中提到“在我们的家庭、社区和整个社会中，我们也会根据情绪进行分类。”但与经济基础无关，该选项属于出处错位。4. 【选项释义】Emotions are significant for mans survival and adaptation because _. 情绪对人类的生存和适应是重要的，因为_。A. they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects A. 它们提供了人们观察物体大小和形状的方法B. they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained B. 它们是维系社会的社会认同感的基础C. they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements C. 它们鼓励人们去完成危险的成就D. they generate more love than hate among people D. 它们在人们之间产生的爱多于恨【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“在这样一个世界里，人类生存的机会几乎为零，因为情感是我们生存和适应的基本工具。情感以重要的方式为我们构建世界。”以及“我们与对象和事件的情感体验产生一种社会认同感，某些事情的感觉和行动是好和其他的是坏，我们这些类别适用于我们社会的方方面面推而广之，从我们所吃的食物和我们所穿的衣物到我们如何保持承诺，我们这个群体会接受什么样的人。”由此可推断，我们的情感涉及社会认同感，会对某些事物达成好或者坏的情感认同，并且情感是我们构建世界的基础。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项“它们提供了人们观察物体大小和形状的方法”，人类对事物的形状大小的认知并不来源于情感，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰；C选项“它们鼓励人们去完成危险的成就”，文章最后一段提到“事实上，社会利用我们的情绪反应和态度，如忠诚、道德、骄傲、羞耻、内疚、恐惧和贪婪，为了保持本身，它高度奖励执行重要任务的个人，如手术，使得个人因为不寻常的或危险的成就，如在战争中驾驶战斗机成为英雄，并使用法律和刑法系统让人们不敢从事反社会行为。”可知是社会利用情感去完成危险的成就而不是情感本身，该选项属于偷换概念；D选项“它们在人们之间产生的爱多于恨”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有。5. 【选项释义】The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they _. 一个物体的情感方面比它的物理方面更重要，因为它们_。A. help society exploit its members for profit A. 有助于社会剥削其成员以获取利益B. encourage us to perform important tasks B. 鼓励我们执行重要的任务C. help to perfect the legal and penal system C. 有助于完善法律和刑罚制度D. help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us D. 帮助我们调整我们的行为以适应我们周围的世界【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段第一句“在这样一个世界里，人类生存的机会几乎为零，因为情感是我们生存和适应的基本工具。”以及“我们与时间和对象的情感体验涉及社会认同感，某些事情的感觉和行动是好和其他的是坏，我们这些类别适用于我们社会的方方面面推而广之，从我们所吃的食物和我们所穿的衣物到我们如何保持承诺，我们这个群体会接受什么样的人。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“有助于社会剥削其成员以获取利益”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“鼓励我们执行重要的任务”，文中提到“它高度奖励执行重要任务的个人”是社会利用人们的情绪反应和态度使人们调节行为的具体方式之一，该选项属于以偏概全；C选项“有助于完善法律和刑罚制度”，文中提到“并使用法律和刑法系统让人们不敢从事反社会行为”是社会利用人们的情绪反应和态度使人们调节行为的具体方式之一，该选项属于以偏概全。3. 翻译题在日常生活中，力似乎是靠“直接接触”（direct contact）来传递的。【答案】In daily life, power seems to be transferred by direct contact.4. 翻译题晶体管（transistor）与电子管（electron tube）相比有好多优点（advantage）。【答案】Transistor has many advantages over electron tube.5. 翻译题世界上一些国家发生问题，从根本上来说，都是因为经济上不去，没有饭吃，没有衣穿，没有房住，工资增长被通货膨胀抵消。【答案】Basically, problems in some countries are caused by poor economy, no food and no clothing and no shelter. Meanwhile, wage growth is offset by inflation, which also results in these problems.6. 单选题Ive not even read the first chapter _ finished the whole novel.问题1选项A.rather thanB.much moreC.as well asD.much less【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. rather than 而不是 B. much more 更加；多得多C. as well as 也；和一样 D. much less 更不用说；不及【答案】D【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】句意：我甚至还没读完第一章看完整本小说。根据逻辑，小说第一章都没有看完，可推断更不用说看完整本小说了。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】我连第一章都没看完，更别说读完整部小说了。7. 翻译题In the late 1960s integrated circuit, tiny transistors and other electrical components arranged on a single chip of silicon (硅), replaced individual transistors in computers. Integrated circuits became miniaturized (使小型化), enabling more components to be designed into a single computer circuit.【答案】20世纪60年代末，安装在一块硅片上的集成电路、微型晶体管和其他电子元件取代了计算机中的单个晶体管。集成电路小型化使人们将更多组件设计成一个单一的计算机电路。8. 单选题Rest and proper diet are contributive to good health.问题1选项A.conduciveB.apprehensiveC.pervasiveD.exclusive【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. conducive 有助的；有益的 B. apprehensive 忧虑的；不安的C. pervasive 普遍的 D. exclusive 独有的；专用的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】句意：休息和适当的饮食对身体健康。根据句意，休息和适当饮食应该是有益于身体健康。因此选A。划线词contributive意为“有帮助的”。A选项与划线词意思相近。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合句意。【句意】休息和适当的饮食有助于身体健康。9. 翻译题70年代以来，美国华人社会发生了重大的变化。最显著的是许多来自大陆的中国人不断涌入美国，使美国华人的人数猛增。【答案】Since the 1970s, major changes have taken place in Chinese American society. Most notably, the influx of many Chinese from mainland China into the United States has led to a surge in the number of Chinese Americans.10. 单选题Oil companies in the U.S. are already beginning to feel the pressure. Refinery workers and petroleum-equipment-manufacturing, employees are being _.问题1选项A.laid outB.laid offC.laid downD.laid aside【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. laid out 展示；安排 B. laid off 解雇；休息C. laid down 放下；制定 D. laid aside 搁置；储蓄【答案】B【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】句意：美国的石油公司已经开始感受到压力。炼油工人和石油设备制造业的雇员正在被。根据逻辑，公司受到压力时，有可能进行裁员，因此这些雇佣员工可能被解雇。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】美国的石油公司已经开始感受到压力。炼油工人和石油设备制造业的雇员正在被解雇。11. 单选题During July and August there was no rain for weeks _.问题1选项A.in the endB.at the endC.to the endD.on end【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. in the end 终于；最后 B. at the end 最终；最后C. to the end 到底 D. on end 连续地【答案】D【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】句意：在七、八月份，有好几个星期没有下雨。根据句意，可推测，这两个月份中，有一段时间连续几周不下雨。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合句意。【句意】在七、八月份，连续几周没有下雨。12. 单选题She decided to _ in the history course at the local evening school.问题1选项A.enterB.enrollC.attendD.register【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. enter 进来；进去 B. enroll 登记；报名C. attend 出席；参加 D. register 登记；注册【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：她决定在当地的夜校历史课。根据句意，可以推测她应该是在当地的夜校报名上历史课。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项enter“进来；进去”，指进入或进入某事物，不符合语境；C选项attend“出席；参加”，指出席某一事件，不符合语境；D选项register“登记；注册”，指把你/某人/某物的名字记在正式的名单上，不符合语境。【句意】她决定报名当地夜校的历史课程。13. 单选题Despite his _ planning, the exposition turned out to be a failure.问题1选项A.exquisiteB.exhaustedC.elaborateD.insufficient【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. exquisite精美的；精致的 B. exhausted筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的C. elaborate详尽的；精心制作的 D. insufficient不充分的；不足的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】句意：尽管他的计划，博览会还是以失败告终。根据逻辑，这里存在一个转折关系，后半句讲博览会是失败的，则可以推测前半句中他的计划应该是精心制作的，但是博览会以失败告终。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】尽管他精心策划，博览会还是失败了。14. 单选题Dr. Johnson was granted an honored title in _ of his valuable work for the college.问题1选项A.advancementB.acquisitionC.announcementD.acknowledgement【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. advancement 促进；推动 B. acquisition （知识、技能等的）获得；得到C. announcement （指行动）宣布；宣告 D. acknowledgement （对事实、现实、存在的）承认；感谢；谢礼【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】句意：约翰逊博士被授予荣誉称号，以他为学院所做的宝贵工作。根据逻辑，是由于约翰逊博士为学院做了贡献所以被授予荣誉称号，这个称号是用来感谢他的。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】约翰逊博士被授予荣誉称号，以表彰他为学院所做的宝贵工作。15. 翻译题A further complication (并发症) is the tendency of the pilots blood to leave his head because of inertia (惯性), leaving him impaired vision and perhaps unconscious.【答案】更严重的并发症可能是飞行员由于惯性而头部缺血，这使他视力受损，甚至失去知觉。16. 单选题I am feeling too tired to drive any more, will you _?问题1选项A.turn overB.take overC.hand overD.go over【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. turn over 翻转 B. take over 接替C. hand over （把某事）交给负责 D. go over 仔细检查【答案】B【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】句意：我累得不能再开车了，你可以吗？根据句意，可知他已经很累了，不想继续开车，希望另一个人接替他开车。因此选B。【干扰项排除】C选项hand over“（把某事）交给负责”指如果把某物移交给某人，就是把处理特定情况或问题的责任交给他们。该选项不符合语境；A、D选项均不符合句意。【句意】我觉得太累了，不能再开车了，你能代替我吗？17. 翻译题Now zoom forward to our present time and think of our pre-Internet communication systems as sorts of protozoa (原生动物). What were witnessing today in the realm of cyberspacethe online reformulation of everything from the way we play and learn to how we shop and trade stocks may represent no less a world transforming change than the spectacular burst of creation so long ago.One notable difference: the primeval organisms did not have a guide book to inform them about what to expect and how to deal with some of the fabulous things to come. We do, in the recently released New Rules for the New Economy by Kevin Kelly, a founding editor of Wired magazine.“The key premise of this book is that the principles governing the world of the softthe world of intangibles, of media, of software, and of serviceswill soon command the world of the hardthe world of reality, of atoms, of objects, of steel and oil, and the hard work done by the sweat of brows.” Kelly writes. “Driving this economic transformation is the combination of shrinking computers and expanding communications,” he says, “We have seen only the beginnings of the anxiety, loss, excitement, and gains that many people will experience as our world shifts to a new highly technical planetary economy.” Does that sound like techno hype?Its barely a taste of the radical and often counterintuitive “rules” that Kelly dishes out. He employs an aphoristic (格言的) and, well, wired style that will easily appeal to geeks and should also turn on any mainstream readers who are a little more than curious about where the digitally rendered world is headed.Where its likely headed, in Kellys words, is “upside down”. Chew, for example, on the idea that “the surest way to smartness is through massive dumbness”. What that means in essence is that tiny computer chips, though relatively “dumb” on their own, can be added to billions of mundane objects and, thereby, yield substantial economic benefits. Such as real time buying patterns on everything from shirts to soda cans. In the conventional world of supply and demand where we all grew up, value came from scarcity. As in, diamonds, gold and oil. In a world of digital imperatives, as Kelly correctly points out, “power comes from abundance.” That was a principle that Apple tragically failed to understand when it backed off from licensing its graphic computer interface, assuring that its market share would be savaged by Microsofts more open Windows operating system, which leads us to another of Kellys hardwired laws: follow the free. In the universe of atoms, as a resource is consumed it becomes more expensive to produce. As gold is mined, nuggets (天然金块) at first may be easy, and therefore cheap, to find. But when particles of ore must be squeezed out of tons of rock, the price of gold becomes more dear.But in what Kelly terms “the new order”, the law of plentitude kicks in, leading a savvy company such as Netscape to distribute its Web browser for free in order to sell auxiliary services or products. Similarly, expensive cell phones are offered as freebies (免费的东西) to gain contracts for phone services.Finally, Kelly tells us to look around and see how much the world has already changed under our very feet. An American farmer today, for instance, may still get some dirt under his fingernails, but much of his labor is performed under the umbrella of the electronic network. The cab in his tractor has a wireless phone and a satellite linked GPS location device; his home computer is connected to a never ending stream of weather data, grain market reports and moisture detectors in the soil. New Rules for the New Economy suggests that we might even learn something from those plucky life forms that exploded on the scene a half billion years ago. “The qualities needed to succeed in the network economy can be reduced to this: a facility for charging into the unknown.”【答案】【参考译文】现在，放大到我们现在的时代，把我们的互联网前通讯系统想象成原生动物。我们今天在网络空间所看到的一切都在网上重新制定，从我们玩和学的方式到我们如何购买和交易股票可能代表着一个转型世界的变化不亚于很久以前壮观的创造爆发。一个值得注意的不同之处是：原始生物没有一本指南来告诉它们该期待什么，以及如何应对即将到来的一些美好事物。然而，有线杂志的创始人，编辑凯文凯利在最近出版的新经济新规则一书中给我们提供了这样一个指南。凯利写道：“这本书的主要前提是，指导软世界的原则无形的世界、媒体的世界、软件的世界和服务的世界将很快控制硬世界现实的世界、原子的世界、物体的世界、钢铁和石油的世界，以及出卖劳动力的艰苦工作。”他说：“推动这一经济转型的因素是计算机的萎缩和通信的扩大”，并且补充道：“我们看到的仅仅是我们的世界向一个新的高科技全球经济转变时许多人将体验到的焦虑、失落、激动与成就的开端。”这听起来像是科技炒作吗？这一风格仅仅是凯利数落的那种激进的且往往违反直觉的“规则”。他采取的是一种格言式的而且还是联网的方式，很容易吸引那些怪人，而且吸引那些主流读者的兴趣，他们对这个数字化世界的发展前途多少都有点好奇。用凯利的话说，它很可能是“颠倒”的。例如，关于“通过巨大的沉默获得最可靠的聪明之道”的想法。本质上，这意味着微型电脑芯片，尽管它们本身相对“笨”，可以添加到数十亿的普通物品中，从而产生巨大的经济效益，比如从衬衫到苏打水罐等各种产品的实时购买模式。在我们都成长起来的传统供求世界中，价值来自稀缺，就像钻石、黄金和石油的世界一样，正如凯利正确地指出的，“力量来自富足”。“苹果”电脑公司悲剧性地未能理解这一原则，它放弃了它的图形电脑界面的销售许可，因为担心自己的市场份额会被微软更开放的视窗操作系统无情地侵占。这就引出了凯利的另一条定律：遵循自由。在原子的宇宙中，随着资源的消耗，生产成本越来越高。随着黄金的开采，天然金块一开始可能很容易找到，因此很便宜。但是当矿石颗粒必须从岩石中挤出时，黄金的价格就变得更贵了。但在凯利所说的“新秩序”中，“新秩序”是一种充分法则，它指导一家精明的公司，如网景公司，免费发布其网络浏览器，以销售辅助服务或产品。同样，昂贵的手机作为免费的东西提供，以获得电话服务合同。最后，凯利告诉我们环顾四周，看看世界在我们脚下已经发生了多大的变化。比如今日的美国农民，也许指甲盖里仍藏着些许污泥，但他的许多劳作都是在电子网络覆盖下进行的。他的拖拉机里的驾驶室有一个无线电话和一个卫星连接的GPS定位设备；他的家用电脑连接着无尽的天气数据、谷物市场报告和土壤中的水分探测器。新经济规则提示我们可以向五亿年前实现的生机勃勃的新生命学习。“在网络经济中取得成功所需的素质可以精简到以下方面：进入未知世界的设备。”18. 单选题Each boy and each girl _ ordered to leave the classroom.问题1选项A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. was B. wereC. has D. have【答案】A【考查点】each用法和被动语态。【解题思路】句子的主语是boy and girl，因此他们应该是被要求离开教室，因此用被动语态，排除C和D选项；当and连接的两个并列主语前有each修饰时，强调个体，谓语动词用单数，因此排除B选项，选A。【干扰项排除】根据解题思路B、C、D选项均不符合语法结构。【句意】每个男生和女生都被要求离开教室。19. 翻译题香港坐落在中国南端的一个弹丸小岛上，在日趋全球化的经济中，香港正起着一个非常重要的角色。【答案】Hong Kong is located in a bullet island in the south end of China. Hong Kong is playing a very important role in an increasingly global economy.20. 翻译题Simplicity is the outward sign and symbol of depth of thought. It seems to me simplicity is about the most difficult thing to achieve in scholarship and writing. How difficult is clarity of thought, and yet it is only as thought becomes clear that simplicity is possible. When we see a writer belaboring and idea we may be sure that the idea is belaboring him. This is proved by the general fact that the lectures of a young