2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷39

2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. Its now a global village where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skillsDeeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often help support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being out of sight and out of mind. He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the companys plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United Sates where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent.Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isnt generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.1.What is the authors attitude toward high tech communications equipment?2.With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, business people（ ）.3.In this passage, out of sight and out of mind (Lines 2-3, Para. 3) probably means（ ）.4.According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?5.The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can（ ）.问题1选项A.CriticalB.IndifferentC.PrejudicedD.Positive问题2选项A.have to get familiar with modern technologyB.are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operationsC.are attaching more importance to their overseas businessD.are eager to work overseas问题3选项A.being unable to think properly for lack of insightB.being totally out of touch with business at homeC.missing opportunities for promotion when abroadD.leaving all care and worthy behind问题4选项A.Connections with business overseasB.Ability to speak the clients language.C.Technical knowledgeD.Business experience问题5选项A.better control the whole negotiation processB.easily find new approaches to meet market needsC.fast-forward their proposals to headquartersD.easily make friends with business people abroad【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。A项“批评的”，B项“漠视的，中立的”，C项“有偏见的”，D项“积极肯定的”。文章第一段提到 “.our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills 我们从这种高科技通信设备中获益的能力因外语技能而大大提高”可知D项符合题意，故选D。2.事实细节题。A项“必须熟悉现代技术”，B项“从国内业务中获得更多的经济效益”，C项“更重视他们的海外业务”，D项“渴望去海外工作”。文章第二段提到“Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. 深入参与这项新技术的是一群现代商人，他们越来越重视跨国商业的经济价值”可知C项正确。3.词汇题。A项“因为缺乏洞察力而无法正确思考”； B项“与国内业务完全脱节”；C项“在国外失去晋升的机会”，D项“完全置之度外”。文章第三段提到“He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the companys plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. 他或她可以确定，海外业务是公司成功计划的核心，外派往往意味着升职”是对out of sight and out of mind.的补充说明，选项C最符合题意，故选C。4.判断推理题。A项“与海外商业的联系”，B项“能说驻国语”，C项“技术知识”，D项“商业经验”。最后一段提到 “The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. 外派员工能说驻国语，有机会快速推进某些谈判，并能有文化洞察力，知道何时更好地较慢行动”可知B项是“当今国际公司在用人方面的一个重要考虑”，故选B。5.事实细节题。A项“更好地控制整个谈判过程”，B项“很容易找到新的方法来满足市场需求”，C项“迅速向总部反馈他们的建议”，D项“容易与海外商人交朋友”。文章最后一段提到“The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. 外派员工能说驻国语，有机会快速推进某些谈判，并能有文化洞察力，知道何时更好地较慢行动”，可知A项“更好地控制整个谈判的进程”正确。BCD三项在文中均未提及。2. 单选题How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times; the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the untidy look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashions of the top fashion house.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and youll see that no one else does either!1.The author thinks that people are（ ）.2.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to（ ） .3. Causes of fashions are（ ） .4.Present day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes（ ） .5.Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.satisfied with their appearanceB.concerned about appearance in old ageC.far from neglecting what is in fashionD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion问题2选项A.confidence in lifeB.personal dressC.individual hair styleD.personal future问题3选项A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable问题4选项A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality问题5选项A.Care about appearance in formal situationsB.Fashion in formal and informal situationsC.Ignoring appearance in informal situationsD.Ignoring appearance in all situations【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。A “对外表感到满意”与第一段中Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are “很少有人愿意接受我们本来的样子”；B “在意年老时候的外表”，根据文中第一段 How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life “十几岁和二十几岁的我们比任何时期都更在意外在和在别人眼中的形象”可推断该选项不正确；C “完全不能忽视时尚”，文中第一段few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion “几乎没人敢于忽视潮流” 可知该选项符合题意；D “不愿意跟随时尚”错误。2.事实细节题。A “生活中的信心”；B “个人衣着”；C “个人发型”；D “个人未来”。从文章第二段If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. “如果我们照做，电视和杂志告诉我们，我们可以自信地去见新面孔，从容应对任何场合”可知选项A符合题意，故选A。3.事实细节题。A “全部相同的”；B“多变的，各式各样的”；C “未知的”；D “难以解释的”。根据文章第三段中的What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. “是什么引起时尚的改变？有时候便利或实际需求或仅仅对某个有影响力的人物的个人喜好都可以主导时尚”可知，改变时尚的因素是多种多样的，A、C、D三项均不符合题意，故选B。4.判断推理题。A “单一性”；B “形式化”；C“非正式化，不拘泥于形式”；D“个性化”。根据第五段中Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should “ 只要合理，你可以按照自己的喜好决定着装和发型，而不是你应该穿什么”及The popularity of jeans and the untidy look.牛仔裤和不整洁外貌”可知当今社会更自由和轻松因为当下强调“informality”，故选C。5.判断推理题。A“在正式场合下要注重外表”；B “正式和非正式场合下的时尚”；C “在非正式场合下忽略外表”；D“在所有场合都忽略外表”。根据最后一段开头At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully “ 同时，在某些特定的场合,外表依然非常重要,这时候我们必须非常认真地挑选服装”以及下文列举的两个服装与场合不合宜的反面例子，可知A“在正式场合下要注重外表” 符合题意，故本题答案为A。3. 单选题A Professor stood before his philosophy class and had some items in front of him. When the class began, wordlessly, he picked up a very large and empty mayonnaise jar and proceeded to fill it with golf balls. He then asked the students if the jar was full. They agreed that it was.So the Professor then picked up a box of pebbles and poured them into the jar. He shook the jar lightly. The pebbles rolled into the open areas between the golf balls. He then asked the students again if the jar was full. They agreed it was.The Professor next picked up a box of sand and poured it into the jar. Of course, the sand filled up everything else. He asked once more if the jar was full. The students responded with a unanimous Yes.The Professor then produced two cans of beer from under the table and poured the entire contents into the jar, effectively filling the empty space between the sand. The students laughed.“Now,” said the Professor, as the laughter subsided, “I want you to recognize that this jar represents your life.”The golf balls are the important thingsyour family, your children, your health, your friends, your favorite passions things that if everything else was lost and only they remained, your life would still be full.The pebbles are the other things that matter like your job, your house, your car. The sand is everything elsethe small stuff.“If you put the sand into the jar first”, he continued, there is no room for the pebbles or the golf balls. The same goes for life. If you spend all your time and energy on the small stuff, you will never have room for the things that are important to you. Pay attention to the things that are critical to your happiness. Play with your children. Take time to get medical checkups. Take your partner out to dinner. Play another 18. There will always be time to clean the house, and fix the disposal. Take care of the golf balls first, the things that really matter. Set your priorities. The rest is just sand.When he had finished, there was a profound silence. Then one of the students raised her hand and with a puzzled expression, inquired what was the beer represented.The Professor smiled. Im glad you asked. It just goes to show you that no matter how full your life may seem, theres always room for a couple of beers.Lesson: When things in your life seem almost too much to handle, when 24 hours in a day are not enough, remember the mayonnaise jar.and the beer.1.The professor illustrated his point by（ ） .2.When the professor poured the beer into the jar, the students most probably would not（ ） .3.The author tends to compare house cleaning to （ ）.4.The professor employed the beer to signify（ ） .5.By writing the story, the author intends to be（ ） .问题1选项A.analogyB.exemplifyingC.punningD.personification问题2选项A.find it unexpectedB.be amazed by himC.appreciate his wisdomD.understand his intension问题3选项A.the golf ballsB.the pebblesC.the sandD.the beer问题4选项A.tricks to make life more beautifulB.relaxation no matter how full life isC.things that are unnecessary for lifeD.that we can always find leisure time问题5选项A.philosophicalB.enlighteningC.encouragingD.informative【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。A项“类比”；B项“举例；例示”；C项“双关”；D项“拟人法”。短文第六段 “The golf balls are the important thingsyour family, your children, your health, your friends”高尔夫球好比我们生活中重要的东西家庭、孩子、健康、朋友”以及第七段“The pebbles are the other things that matter like your job, your house, your car”鹅卵石好比其他重要的东西工作、房子、车子作者运用一系列类比，故选A。2.判断推理题。A项“觉得意外”；B项“感到吃惊”；C项“欣赏他的智慧”；D项“理解他的意图”。注意题干要求“当教授将啤酒倾倒进蛋黄酱罐子，学生们最不可能会”。短文第五段中教授说“我想你们认识到这个蛋黄酱罐代表你们的生活”可推知“学生们不可能明白教授将啤酒倾倒进蛋黄酱罐子的意图”；从学生们对于教授几次将不同东西填充到罐子中的反应可以推断出学生们“意外、吃惊、欣赏教授的智慧”，故选D项。3.事实细节题。A项“高尔夫球”指“生活中重要的东西家庭、孩子、健康、朋友及喜好”；B项“鹅卵石”指代“工作、房子和汽车”；C项“沙子”指“生活中其他一切琐事”；D项“啤酒”指代“生活中的休闲”。短文第八段第一句“如果你先用沙子将蛋黄酱罐子装满，那么里面就没有放鹅卵石和高尔夫球的空间”以及第八段中“There will always be time to clean the house, and fix the disposal.打扫房间和处理废物的时间总是有的”等细节可知作者将打扫房间比作沙子，故选C。4.判断推理题。A.项“让生活变得更美好的小窍门”；B项“不管生活多满也要放松”；C项“生活中不必要的事情”；D项“我们总能找到闲暇的时间”。短文倒数第二段“.no matter how full your life may seem, theres always room for a couple of beers.不管你的生活看起来多满（即忙碌）；总会有喝杯啤酒的时间”可推断出“教授用啤酒暗示我们总能找到闲暇的时间”， 故选D。5.判断推理题。A项“哲学的”；B项“使人启发的”；C项“鼓励的”；D项“提供有用信息的;使人增进知识的”。由最后一段“教训：当生活中的事情多到似乎无法掌控时，当一天24小时都不够用时，请记住蛋黄酱罐子和啤酒”可推断出作者写这个故事是为了启发人们，让人们懂得把最重要的事情放在首位，而小事情总能找到时间来做，故选B。4. 填空题Acting is such an overcrowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of going on the stage is Dont! But it is useless to try to discourage someone （1） feels that he must act, although the chances of his becoming famous are （2） . The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and （3） are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young （4） or actress takes up work with a play company, usually as assistant stage manager. This means （5） everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the clothes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very （6） work indeed, the hours are long and the salary is tiny. But young actors with the stage in their blood are （7） ,waiting for the chance of working with a better company, or perhaps in films or television.Of course, some people have unusual chances, which lead to （8） and success （9） this long and dull training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to （10） sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he （11） past in his big car. He told the bus driver to stop, and he got out to speak to the girl. He asked her （12） she would like to go to the film company to do a test, and at first she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer （13） minutes to tell Connie that he was serious. Then an appointment was made for her to go to the company the next day. The test was successful. They gave her some necessary lessons and within a few weeks she was playing the leading（14） in a film, which made her well-known overnight （15） the country. Of course, she was given a dramatic name, which is now world famous. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!【答案】1.who2.small3.talent4.actor5.doing6.hard7.happy8.fame9.without10.catch11.drove12.if13.twenty14.part15.throughout【解析】1.后文“feels that he must act” 为someone 的后置定语， 此处缺关系代词，故选“who”。2. 整句话的含义为：试图阻止那些自认为他必须演戏的人是没用的，尽管成名的机会“Although” 表转折关系，由此可推断“成名机会很小”符合逻辑，故选 “small” 。3.“and”表并列，故此处应选择与 “promise希望” 同类名词，选项中“talent天赋”符合要求。4.“or或者”表并列，故此处应选择与“actress女演员”的同类名词，故选“actor男演员”。5.“mean doing sth.意味着做某事”，故此处选“doing”。6.前文提到作为舞台监督助理需要承担的一系列工作，以及后文提到工作时间长，薪水少，可知“这份工作很辛苦”， 故选“hard辛苦的”。7.“But但是”表转折，此处填入的词应与前文“辛苦的工作”形成反差，“happy”符合逻辑，整句话的含义为：但是这些将演戏融入自己血液的年轻人是快乐的，他们在等待机会去一个更好的公司或者出演电影电视。故选“happy”。8.“and”表并列，此处应选择与“success成功”同类名词，故选“fame名气”。9.前文提到“有些人因获得不寻常的机会而成名”和后文普通女孩Connie Pratt的例子可知她“没有经过漫长且枯燥的训练”，故选“without没有”。10.“catch sight of sb.看见某人”为固定短语，故选“catch”。11.后文提到“in his big car在他的大车中”，可推测此处应选择与“车子”相关的词，“drive past”即“驾车驶过” ，符合原文，本句描述过去发生的事件，故选drive的过去式“drove”。12.根据语境及整句话含义“他问她（Connie Pratt）想去电影公司做测试，开始Connie Pratt觉得他在开玩笑”推断此处选“if是否”。13.由下文 “minutes分钟”可知这里需要选择一个描述时间的量词，故选数词“twenty”。14.“play the leading part担任主角”为固定短语， “part”此处为“角色”的意思。15.“throughout the country全国”为固定短语，故选“throughout遍及”。5. 写作题Directions: Write a short essay of about 300 words on the following topic. Do remember to provide a title for your essay, Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET.Nowadays, more and more young people prefer online shopping. Have you ever had such experiences? Comment on this trend by analyzing its advantages and disadvantages.【答案】略6. 单选题When Spanish explorers first entered the area now known as Hollywood, Native Americans were living in the canyons of the Santa Monica Mountains. Before long, the Indians had been moved to missions and the land which Hollywood now occupies was divided in two by the Spanish Government. Acreage to the west became part of Rancho La Brea and settlements to the East became Rancho Los Feliz.By the 1870s an agricultural community flourished in the area and crops ranging from hay and grain to subtropical bananas and pineapples were thriving. During the 1880s, the Ranchos were sub-divided. In 1886, H. H. Wilcox bought an area of Rancho La Brea that his wife then christened Hollywood. Within a few years, Wilcox had devised a grid plan for his new community, paved Prospect Avenue (now Hollywood Boulevard) for his main street and was selling large residential lots to Wealthy Midwesterners looking to build homes so they could winter in California.Prospect Avenue soon became a prestigious residential street populated with large Queen Anne, Victorian, and Mission Revival houses. Mrs. Daeida Wilcox raised funds to build churches, schools and a library and Hollywood quickly became a complete and prosperous community. The community incorporated in 1903, but its independence was short-lived, as the lack of water forced annexation in 1910 to the city of Los Angeles, which had a surplus supply of water.In 1911, the Nestor Company opened Hollywoods first film studio in an old tavern on the comer of Sunset and Gower. Not long thereafter Cecil B. DeMille and D. W. Griffith began making movie in the area drawn to the community for its open space and moderate climate.The needs of this thriving new industry created radical changes in the community, causing a clash between older and newer residents. Acres of agricultural land south of what-is-now Hollywood Boulevard were subdivided and developed as housing for the enormous numbers of workers that movie-making required.High-rise commercial buildings began to spring up along Hollywood Boulevard, three competing real-estate interests