2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷67

2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where altitudes are concerned（1） .In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. （2） , having given his wife her “housekeeping”，would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was and still is inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as a most important thing, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws have made it less necessary than before to worry about tomorrow. （3） .In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position. （4） . They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations.（5） As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will reappear, but between different groups. 问题1选项A.Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the pastB.Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paidC.Idea about social class whether a person is working-class or middle-classis one area in which changes have been extremely slowD.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger peopleE.Class differences have been eliminated for centuries in almost all societies around the worldF.The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed问题2选项A.Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the pastB.Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paidC.Idea about social class whether a person is working-class or middle-classis one area in which changes have been extremely slowD.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger peopleE.Class differences have been eliminated for centuries in almost all societies around the worldF.The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed问题3选项A.Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the pastB.Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paidC.Idea about social class whether a person is working-class or middle-classis one area in which changes have been extremely slowD.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger peopleE.Class differences have been eliminated for centuries in almost all societies around the worldF.The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed问题4选项A.Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the pastB.Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paidC.Idea about social class whether a person is working-class or middle-classis one area in which changes have been extremely slowD.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger peopleE.Class differences have been eliminated for centuries in almost all societies around the worldF.The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed问题5选项A.Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the pastB.Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paidC.Idea about social class whether a person is working-class or middle-classis one area in which changes have been extremely slowD.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger peopleE.Class differences have been eliminated for centuries in almost all societies around the worldF.The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed【答案】第1题:C第2题:F第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.前文含义“但是，在某些方面变化很小，特别是在某些高度上”可推断此处应是对“very little has changed”的举例，C项含义为“关于社会阶层的问题，即一个人是否为工人阶级或中产阶级，就是一个变化非常缓慢的领域”，符合题意，故选C。2.前文含义为“在过去，工人阶级的工资往往低于中产阶级，如教师和医生。 基于这一点以及工人工作的不安全性，人们生活方式和态度出现了明显的差异。”下文举例，空格后文的含义为“给一部分给妻子作为生活开支，剩下的出去喝酒和赌博”可知此处为工人阶级的做法，选项F含义为“典型的工人阶级男人们，在周五晚上领薪水，大部分人认为”符合上下文，故选F。3.前文含义为“如今变化很大，在大多数情况下，工厂工人的收入可以与他们的中产阶级主管持平。 社会保障和法律也使人们不再担心“明天”。空格后文的含义为“事实上，在过去的几年里，中产阶级对自己的地位感到羞愧的趋势越来越明显。”可推断此处可能与 “工人阶级对自己过去的社会地位的感觉”相关，A 项含义为“工人阶级似乎在慢慢失去过去的那种自卑感” 符合上下文，故选A。4.空格后文的含义为“他们通常在音乐和衣服上有着相似的品味，为了玩得很开心他们愿意花钱，必要时还会为假期或长期计划储蓄。 与前几代相比，差异似乎要小得多。”此处可能为对某种变化的举例。选项D的含义为“生活方式和态度的变化很可能很容易在年轻人中看到”符合上下文，故选D。5.空格后文的含义为“只要这种差距存在，就永远有可能出现新的冲突和猜忌，或者旧的冲突在不同的群体之间再次出现”可推断空格处应与某种差异相关，选项B的含义为“然而，在高薪（无论他们有什么样的工作）和低薪者之间仍然有很大的差距” 符合上下文，故选B。2. 单选题I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her. She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I dont know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and, with three fingers against my head, I looked at her ribbons and said “beautiful”. She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasnt sure if she understood me (I dont speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last otter I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldnt make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as thought it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat, I wanted to cry. I didnt, of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the cradle light to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didnt cry.1.The author of the story has been in sleep for the last few weeks.2.A woman in the marketplace comes into my mind because she reminded me of my childhood.3.The woman was selling skirts with designs of squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk.4.The author could speak some Laotian though she did not speak it well.5.Bargaining is a custom in Asia and the author did not know how to do it.6.The author had wanted to buy one skirt, but she ended up with three because the skirts were so cheap and pretty.7.The author felt happy after the purchase because she had paid for the skirts at the price set so that the woman could make some money through this large purchase.8.The author surely comes from another part of Asia because she knows how to behave well in local culture.9.The woman in the market actually understood the author perfectly and knew very well that she liked those ribbons.10.The author cried eventually when she looked at the skirts because she was deeply moved by the womans generous spirit.问题1选项A.TB.F问题2选项A.TB.F问题3选项A.TB.F问题4选项A.TB.F问题5选项A.TB.F问题6选项A.TB.F问题7选项A.TB.F问题8选项A.TB.F问题9选项A.TB.F问题10选项A.TB.F【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B第6题:B第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:A【解析】1.根据题干定位到文章第一段中的 I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes.译为：在过去的几个星期，我一直都害怕入睡。 终于我实在是因为太累而入睡了，但是却也只是眯了几分钟。可知此题应选择F。2.根据题干定位到文章第三段 “In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood.”译为：在她的头发中有三个丝带，分别是蓝色、绿色和 白色。这让我想起了童年的美好时光。因此题干表述错误，是姑娘头上的丝带让作者想到了童年的美好时光，而不是姑娘本身，选F。3.由题干可定位到文章第五段 “I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk.” 译为：我重新把目光投向裙子，这些裙子上面粉红色和绿色丝带呈现出方形、三角形和圆形。题干表述正确，故选T。4.由题干可定位到文章第四段中 “I dont speak Laotian very well”中文翻译为：我的老挝语说得不好。以及第六段中 “She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers.” 中文翻译为：对于我能说一些他们国家的语言她感到非常开心，虽然我说的只是一些数字。可推断出作者能够说一些老挝语，虽然说得不怎么好，故选T。5.根据题干定位到文章中第五段 “I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia.”，中文翻译为“我决定将其中的一条裙子实回 去，并且开始和她讨价还价。在亚洲国家，讨价还价是一种习俗”。因此可知题干的前半部分表述正确，后半部分错误。故选F。6.根据题干定位到文章中第六段 “The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldnt make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase.”，中文翻译为：这个价格实在是太低了。她太慷慨了，几乎赚不到什么钱。担心她因为我买得多而再次降低价格，我迅速地再挑了两条裙子，付钱，然后离开。可以推测出作者是因为觉得价格太低了想要补偿，于是多买了两条。题干表述错误，故选F。7.根据题干定位到文章中第六段 “for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.”中文翻译为：这是数月以来我第一次感到精神放松，几乎感到有些高兴。再联系上一题的分析。可以得知题干表述正确，选T。8.题干的中文翻译为：作者肯定来自亚洲的另一个地方，因为她知道在当地文化中如何举止得体。而文章内容并没有提及到该方面，故选F。9.题干的中文翻译为：市场上的女人其实完全理解作者，而且知道得很清楚作者喜欢那些丝带。根据文章内容可知这是正确的，故选T。10.题干的中文翻译为：当作者最终看到裙子时哭了，因为她被这个女人的慷慨精神深深感动。从文章中最后一段中 “There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry.”中文翻译为：对于她这种慷慨精神毫无防御，这次我哭了可知作者最终是因为被这位老挝姑娘的慷慨精神深深感动，故选T。3. 单选题Bringing up children is hard work, and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Harris has good news for you. Parents, she argues, have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood companions. Ms. Harris takes to beat the assumption which has dominated developmental psychology for almost half a century.Ms. Harriss attack on the developmentalists, “nurture” argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. If parents matter, why is it that two adopted children, reared in the same home, are no more similar in personality than two adopted children reared in separate homes or that a pair of identical twins, reared in the same home, arc no more alike than a pair of identical twins reared in different homes?Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer group in childhood and adolescence. Ms. Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak. But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for. Certainly it is different from growing up tense or relaxed, or from learning to be honest or hard-working or generous. Easy though as it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more.Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely. Young adults may, as Ms. Hams argues, be keen to appear like their contemporaries. But even in those early years, parents have the power to open door: They may initially choose the peers with whom their children associate, and pick that influential neighborhood. Moreover, most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents more in middle age, and that peoples child-rearing habits may be formed partly by what their parents did. So the balance of influences is probably complicated, as most parents already suspected without being able to demonstrate it scientifically. Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection, discipline and good example, parents are not completely off the hook.1.According to Ms. Harris,（ ）.2.Which of the following views would the development a lists agree with?3.Which of the following statements summarizes the main point of Paragraph three?4.The word ditched (Para 4) could best be replaced by （ ）.5.What is the authors main purpose?问题1选项A.parents have not invested enough time and energy in their childrenB.childrens personality is shaped by people they mix with outside the homeC.in the long run, parents will affect their childrens personalityD.nature rather than nurture has a significant effect on childrens personality development问题2选项A.Children tend to assume their parents personalityB.Children are more influenced by their peers than by their parents.C.Identical twins reared in the same home are similar in personality.D.Identical twins under the same parent develop separate personalities.问题3选项A.Parental influence is more important than the influence of the peer groups.B.To measure the exact influence of the peer group in childhood and adolescence is hard.C.Children subject to peer group influence often learn how to be honest, hard-working, or generous.D.Peers and parents have similar influence on a childs personality development.问题4选项A.provedB.emphasizedC.comparedD.ignored问题5选项A.To highly praise Ms. Harriss work.B.To counter Ms. Harriss work.C.To objectively report on Ms. Harriss work.D.To critically comment on Ms. Harriss work.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.事实细节题。A项“父母没有为他们的孩子投入足够的时间和精力”， D项“先天而非后天培养对儿童的个性发展有显著影响”文中没有提及；C项“从长远来看，父母会影响孩子的个性”，原文第一段提到“Parents, she argues, have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children. 她（即Harris女士）称，父母对孩子的个性发展没有重要的长期影响”可推断C项错误；B项“孩子的性格受家庭外他们交往的人的影响”，文章第一段提到“Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood companions（在小孩的性格形成上）有更重要影响的是孩子在操场上的朋友和街坊伙伴” 可推断B项正确。2.判断推理题。A项“孩子往往里呈现父母的性格”，文章只说影响，并未提及呈现父母的性格，不是心理学家的观点。B项“孩子更多受同龄人的影响，而不是父母的影响”是HarrisHairis女士的观点。D项“同一家庭的双胞胎性格不一样”为Harris的观点。C项“同一家庭抚养的相同双胞胎在性格上相似”正确。题干提问“发展心理学家”所认同的观点。文章第二段中提到Ms. Harriss attack on the developmentalists, “nurture” argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. Harris女士对发展心理学家认为的养育论的攻击很可能强化了心理学家已有的怀疑”，接着提出疑问：:“如果父母对孩子性格的形成有影响，为什么同一家庭抚养的两个收养的小孩的性格不相似，不同家庭分别抚养的两个收养的孩子性格也不相似？或者为什么同一个家庭的双胞胎性格不相似，不同家庭抚养的一对双胞胎在性格上也不相似呢？ ”，反之可推断，发展心理学家所认为的观点是：同一家庭抚养的孩子在性格上是相似的，故选C项。3.事实细节题。A项“父母的影响比同龄人群体的影响更重要。”与原文相反，C项“受同龄人影响的儿童经常学习如何诚实、努力工作或慷慨”文中没有提及。D项“同龄人和父母对孩子的个性发展也有类似的影响。” 与原文不符。文章第三段提到“Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer group in childhood and adolescence. 虽然很难衡量父母教养的确切影响，但衡量同龄人群体在童年和青春期的确切影响更难。”可推断出B项“衡量同龄人群体在童年和青春期的确切影响是很困难的”正确；故选B。4. 词汇题。文章最后一段提到父母对小孩的影响如“选择孩子交往的对象和小孩生活的环境，及大多数人认为自己在中年时开始像自己的父母， 育儿习惯可能部分受父母影响”可推知“父母对小孩性格的形成的影响是不可忽视的”，由此知“ditched”的意思最可能为“被忽视的”，故D项正确。A项“被证实的”； B项“被强调的”；C项“被比较的”。5.观点态度题。A项“高度赞扬Harris女士的工作”；B项“反驳了 Harris女士的工作”；C项“客观地报道了 Harris女士的工作”。文章第三段中提到 “ But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for. 但获得一门语言肯定是一种技能，而不是发展心理学家所寻找的性格”，最后一段中“But even in those early years, parents have the power to open door: They may initially choose the peers with whom their children associate, and pick that influential neighborhood. 但即使在早期，父母也有能力打开大门：他们可能首先会选择与孩子交往的同龄人，并选择有影响力的邻居。可推断“作者对Harris女士的工作进行了批评性地的评论”，故选D。4. 单选题The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validityThere is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, insurers and governments.The behaviors under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behavior are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant; there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behavior and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favor can