2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷1

2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Tom Macaulay, being a diligent young man, never refuses to _ more work that his boss assigned to him.问题1选项A.take upB.take inC.take offD.take on【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项take up“占据”；B选项take in“吸收，领会”；C选项take off“脱下，起飞”；D选项take on“承担，承受”。句意：Tom Macaulay作为一名勤奋的年轻人，从来不拒绝（）他老板派发给他的工作。派发的工作是要承担的，因而答案选D最为合适。2. 翻译题The pinprick to the credit bubble came with the housing-sector meltdown in late 2006. From that point, confidence in the U.S financial system eroded, especially as the sub-prime toxin seeped into the banks and brokerages as well as those parts of the insurance sector linked to mortgages. With confidence in the financial sector deflated, attention turned to the countrys massive structural problems a long-term imbalance between government expenditures and revenues, related to ongoing pressure for tax cuts; the rapidly aging national transport and communications infrastructure; and Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security, the combined cost of which is expected to grow 22 percent faster than the economy over the next decade.【答案】信贷泡沫的小刺来自于2006年末房地产市场的崩溃。从那时起，人们对美国金融体系的信心受到侵蚀，尤其是当次级债的毒素渗入银行和券商以及与抵押贷款相关的保险行业时。随着对金融部门信心的下降，人们的注意力转向了该国巨大的结构性问题与持续的减税压力相关的政府支出和收入的长期失衡；快速老化的国家交通和通信基础设施；医疗保险（Medicare）、医疗补助（Medicaid）和社会保障（Social Security），这些成本在未来十年的增长速度预计将比经济增长速度快22%。3. 单选题However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.问题1选项A.overturnB.overtakeC.offsetD.oppress【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“推翻”；B选项“超过”；C选项“抵消，弥补”；D选项“压迫”。句意：然而金属制品工业能够（）钢铁工业的衰退。由于金属制成品产业和钢铁工业不存在竞争关系，甚至会存在某种互补关系，所以A，B，D排除，答案选C。4. 单选题He arrived home（ ） tea in the garden.问题1选项A.finding them all to haveB.finding them all havingC.to find them all to haveD.to find them all having【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词用法。句意：他回到家（发现）他们都在花园里喝茶。这里后面意思表示结果，不定式to do作状语表出人意料，令人失望的结果；现在分词doing作结果状语表自然而然的结果。这里只是喝茶没有令人失望，所以排除C、D选项。doing表现在，to do表将来，他回家的时候一定是他们正在喝茶，所以答案选B。5. 单选题The Indians see little（ ）for success and become frustrated, because they usually go to inferior school and often cannot adjust to life in the city.问题1选项A.instinctB.propositionC.priorityD.prospect【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“直觉”；B选项“命题，主题”；C选项“优先权”；D选项“前途，预期”。句意：印第安人似乎只有一点点对成功（）而且变得沮丧，因为他们通常去教学质量不好的学校而且不能适应城市生活。从关键词go to inferior school and often cannot adjust to life in the city可知，印第安人成功希望不是很大，所以答案选D。6. 不定项选择题The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterpartsa result of the training that U. S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industrys work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments dont force it. After all, thats how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didnt have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanitys productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesnt constrain the ability of the developing worlds workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isnt developing more quickly there than it is.1. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries _.2. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that _.3. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged _.4. According to the last paragraph, development of education _.问题1选项A.is conventionally downgradedB.is subjected to groundless doubtsC.has been overestimatedD.fallen victim of bias问题2选项A.the U.S workforce has a better educationB.the Japanese workforce is better disciplinedC.the U. S workforce is more organizedD.the Japanese workforce is more productive问题3选项A.when people no longer went hungryB.when people had enough timeC.as a result of pressure on governmentD.prior to better ways of finding food问题4选项A.follows improved productivityB.results directly from competitive environmentsC.cannot afford political changesD.does not depend on economic performance【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A【解析】第1题:作者意图题。题干：在第一段中作者认为在贫穷国家教育的重要性_？A选项“通常受到质疑”；B选项“遭受无端质疑”；C选项“被高估了”；D选项“是偏见的受害者”。根据题干定位到第一段第一、二、三句“在贫穷国家，正规教育与经济增长之间的关系被经济学家和政治家广泛误解。毫无疑问，这两个领域的进步对于这些社会和所有其他社会的社会、政治和智力发展是必要的；然而，传统观点认为，教育应该是促进穷国经济快速发展的最高优先事项之一，这是错误的。”从这里可以推测，作者认为教育在贫穷国家中重要，但是并不是促进穷国经济快速发展的最高优先事项之一，即认为教育的重要性被高估了。答案选A。第2题:事实细节题。题干：日本和美国的劳动者最大的区别是什么。A选项“美国劳动力受教育程度更高”；B选项“日本劳动力更有纪律”；C选项“美国劳动者更有组织”；D选项“日本劳动力生产效率更高”。根据题干定位到第二段最后一句话Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts（然而，研究显示，本田、尼桑和丰田在美国的工厂达到了日本同行的约95%的生产率）从这里可以知，虽然达到了95%，但是日本的生产率更高，答案选D。选项A错误；B、C选项文章没有提及。第3题:事实细节题。题干：作者举出我们的祖先的例子是为了显示教育出现 ？选项A“人们解决温饱之后”；B选项“人们有时间以后”；C选项“是政府部门施压的结果”；D选项“在找到更好的食物之前”。根据题干定位到第四段最后一句话Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.（只有当人类开始以更富有成效的方式获取食物时，才有时间做其他事情。）从这里可知，D错误，答案选A。第4题:推理判断题。题干：根据最后一段，教育的发展 ？A选项“随着提高的生产率而来”；B选项“直接来自竞争环境的结果”；C选项“无法承受政治变革”；D选项“不依赖于经济表现”。根据题干定位到最后一段第二句This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.（对于先进的经济表现所要求的复杂的政治制度来说，这种日益提高的教育水平可能是一个必要的，但不是一个充分的条件。）说明缺乏正规的教育并不能限制可以极大提高产量的世界劳动力的发展，而反之，对提高产量的限制能够解释为什么教育发展得没有那么快。由此可知，提高产量优先于发展教育，答案选A。7. 单选题（ ）my losses in trade this year, yours are nothing.问题1选项A.Comparing withB.Compared withC.To compare withD.Compare with【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语用法。句意：和我今年的损失比起来你，你的不算什么。这里因为没有连词不能连接两套主谓结构，所以选项D排除。主句的主语是yours（你的损失），这个主语不是人不能够主动去做compare“比较”这个动作，所以要用被动语态，因此排除A、C，答案选B。8. 单选题Before we move, we should（ ）some of the old furniture, so that we can have more room in the new house.问题1选项A.discardB.dissipateC.cancelD.conceal【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项discard“丢弃”；B选项dissipate“使消散”；C选项cancel“取消，删除”；D选项conceal“隐瞒，隐藏”。在我们搬家之前，我们应该（）一些家具，这样我们就会在新房子里有更多空间。搬家的时候丢掉一些家具才会腾出更多的空间，所以答案选A。9. 单选题I can speak French a little but（ ）you.问题1选项A.not as good asB.not so well thanC.not so better asD.not so well as【答案】D【解析】词组辨析。句意：我会讲一点点法语但是（）你。这里属于同级比较，所以排除B，C。这里的谓语动词是speak，所以要用副词well修饰，答案选D。在否定句里，good的同级比较是so good as，所以A不能选。10. 单选题The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once _.问题1选项A.thrivedB.swelledC.prosperedD.flourished【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“兴盛，繁荣”；B选项“肿胀”；C选项“繁荣，昌盛”；D选项“繁荣，茂盛”。句意：木材响尾蛇现在已被列入濒危物种名单，并且已经在东部两个州灭绝了，而这两个州曾经有（）这个物种。根据句意这里应该填繁盛。thrive指物（包括动物和植物）的繁殖兴盛；而prosper指的是经济或国力方面的繁荣；flourish指植物生长茂盛。根据词义辨析这里要选A。11. 单选题A burning match applied to paper will make it（ ）.问题1选项A.heat upB.catch fireC.disintegrateD.glow【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“加热”；B选项“着火”；C选项“分解”；D选项“发光，发红”。句意：燃烧的火柴放在纸上会让纸（）。根据生活常识，燃烧的物品放在纸上肯定是会让纸燃烧的，所以答案选B。12. 不定项选择题For hundreds of millions of years, turtles have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings down to the waters edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, youd think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct.But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “threatened” to “endangered”meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help.Which raises the obvious question: what else do these turtles want from us, anyway? It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings), we have neglected the years spend in ocean. “The threat is from commercial fishing,” says Griffin. Trawlers (which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor) and long line fishers (which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles) take a heavy toll on turtles.Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by threat of rising levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection.1. We can learn from the first paragraph that _.2. What does the author mean by “Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness” (Line 1, Para. 2)?3. What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles according to Elizabeth Griffin?4. How does global warming affect the survival of turtles?问题1选项A.government bureaucracy has contributed to turtles extinctionB.human activities have changed the way turtles survive.C.marine biologists are looking for the secret of turtles reproductionD.efforts have been made to protect turtles from dying out问题2选项A.The course of nature will not be changed by human interference.B.Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles.C.The turtle population had decreased in spite of human protection.D.Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities.问题3选项A.Their lower reproductively ability.B.Their inadequate food supply.C.Contamination of sea waterD.Unregulated commercial fishing.问题4选项A.The rising sea levels make it harder for their hatchlings to grow.B.It threatens the sandy beaches on which they lay eggs.C.It takes them longer to adapt to the high beach temperature.D.The changing climate makes it difficult for their eggs to hatch.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。A选项“政府的官僚作风导致了海龟的灭绝”；B选项“人类活动已经改变了海龟的生存方式。”；C选项“海洋生物学家正在寻找海龟繁殖的秘密”；D选项“人们已经采取措施保护海龟免于灭绝”。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句With all that attention paid to them, youd think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct.（人们对它们给予了如此多的关注，你可能会认为这些生物至少会心存感激，不会走向灭绝。）这里可知答案选D。B、C选项文章没有提及；根据第一段倒数第二句话A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines（为了保护它们在大西洋沿岸的主要筑巢地，政府已经竖起了一道强大的官僚主义墙）A选项错误。第2题:推理判断题。题干：作者说“大自然对人类的公平观念漠不关心”的意图是什么。A选项“大自然的进程不会因为人类的干扰而改变”；B选项“在海归的存活上大自然还是很公平的”；C选项“尽管人类在保护它但是海龟的数量在减少”；D选项“海龟天然地对人类活动不感兴趣”。根据第二段第一句a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, （鱼类及野生动物管理局的一份报告显示，北大西洋几种海龟的数量出现了令人担忧的下降）从这里可知答案选C，其他选项，第二自然段没有提及。第3题:事实细节题。题干：伊丽莎白格里芬认为什么是对海龟生存的主要威胁。A选项“他们的生育能力低”；B选项“他们的食物不足”；C选项“污染的海水”；D选项“无节制的商业捕鱼”。根据题干定位到第三段第二、三句话we have neglected the years spend in ocean. “The threat is from commercial fishing,” says Griffin. Trawlers (which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor) and long line fishers (which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles) take a heavy toll on turtles.（我们忽视了在海洋中度过的岁月。“威胁来自商业捕鱼，”格里芬说。拖网渔船（在水中和海底拖着大网）和长线渔船（可以在鱼线上部署数千个鱼钩，可以延伸数英里）对海龟造成严重伤害。），因此，答案选D。第4题:事实细节题。题干：气候变暖对海龟有什么影响。A选项“不断上升的海平面使它们的幼崽难以生长。”；B选项“它威胁着它们产卵的沙滩”；C选项“它们需要更长的时间来适应海滩的高温”；D选项“不断变化的气候使它们的卵难以孵化”。根据题干定位到最后一段倒数第二句话The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by threat of rising levels as the oceans warm.（海龟产卵的狭长海滩一边因开发而受到挤压，另一边则因海洋变暖而面临海平面上升的威胁。）所以答案选B。13. 单选题The plane was fatally crippled when the rear cargo door was（ ）in flight.问题1选项A.jammedB.openedC.pulled offD.crumpled up【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“堵塞”；B选项“打开”；C选项“脱下，扯下，努力实现”；D选项“打垮，揉皱”。句意：这架飞机的后货舱门在飞行中（）时，飞机严重损坏了。这里根据逻辑飞机在飞行途中，后货舱门出现某种故障，导致整个飞机损坏。这里答案选C，被扯下。14. 单选题My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I _ at a garage sale.问题1选项A.trifled withB.scraped throughC.stumbled uponD.thirsted for【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“玩弄，心不在焉地做”；B选项“勉强通过”；C选项“偶然发现”；D选项“渴望”。句意：我最喜欢的广播歌曲是爱迪生1923年的厚唱片里的一首，我第一次（）在车库拍卖时上听到的。从关键词first和garage sale可以推测，听到这首歌肯定不是自己渴望听到的，是偶然听到这首歌，觉得很好听所以才会把第一次听到这首歌的情形记得这么清楚。15. 单选题He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder _out and three men climbing down it.问题1选项A.throwingB.being thrownC.having thrownD.having been thrown【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意：他意识到直升机盘旋在上空。在他意料之外的是，他看到绳梯扔出来然后三个男人拾级而下。绳子是被扔出所以要用被动语态，A、C选项排除；and连接的是两个并列的宾语，而and后面的男人用的现在分词，没有使用现在分词的完成式，所以and前面也应该保持一致，所以答案选B。16. 不定项选择题As a company executive who spent ten years in federal service, I am often asked what I regard as the biggest difference between working for the government and working for a private company. My invariable response is to say that 1 look back on my time in government as one of the most exciting and challenging experiences of my life. Furthermore, I never worked as hard as when I was a public servant.When I worked for the government; I worked with some of the finest, most competent and most committed people I have ever met. I was impressed by the overall quality of our career civil servants then, and I still am. But one of my greatest concerns now is that I will not be able to hold this same high opinion in the future.Career public servants are leaving government in alarming numbers, and qualified replacements are becoming harder and harder to find. Good people who leave career government service are striving for highly paid positions in private enterprises.We depend on government to keep this country safe in an uncertain world, to secure justice and domestic order and to solve a host of pressing problems. We need the best possible people performing and overseeing these vital tasks. A high-quality professional federal service has been a source of national pride for more than a century. But what we have built up during a hundred years can be lost in less time than we imagine. We cant afford to let this happen. We must act now if this country is to be assured of the quality public service it deserves.1. Career public servants are leaving government in alarming numbers. One of the reasons may be that（ ） .2. According to the author, so I will not be able to hold this same high opinion toward the public servants in the future.3. We depend on government to keep this country safe in an uncertain world, therefore（ ）.4. If we neglect the serious problem and make no efforts, we will lose（ ）.5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?问题1选项A.they received lower payB.they deserved no fame and gloryC.they performed poorlyD.they worked harder than anyone else.问题2选项A.I never worked as hard as when I was a public servantB.I have become a company executiveC.there will not be so many competent and qualified servants in the government as we had beforeD.my time in government was not the most exciting experience in my life问题3选项A.we should make greater contributions to the countryB.the best possible people are urgently needed to do important tasksC.we should show deep concern about the nations futureD.we should become public servants问题4选项A.national prideB.high-quality professional federal serviceC.good peopleD.private enterprise问题5选项A.Those who work for companies are highly paid.B.More and more public servants have left the government.C.Career public servants are qualified.D.Many people of high qualities want to work in the government.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:判断推理题。题干：离开政府的职业公务员数量惊人。其中一个原因可能是A选项“他们的工资低”；B选项“他们不配享有名誉和荣誉”；C选项“他们表现不佳”；D选项“他们比任何人都努力”。根据题干定位到第三段第二句话Good people who leave career government service are striving for highly paid positions in private enterprises（离开政府部门的优秀人才正在争取私营企业的高薪职位），从这里可以推断，公务员离职和工资是有关系的，所以答案选A。其他选项不符题意。第2题:判断推理题。题干：根据作者的观点，（）所以我将来不会对公务员有同样高的评价。A选项“我从来没有像当公务员时那样努力工作”；B选项“我已经成为一家公司的主管”；C选项“在政府将不会有像我们以前那么多的有能力和合格的服务员”；D选项“在政府工作并不是我一生中最激动人心的经历”。根据题干定位到第二段第二句话I was impressed by the overall quality of our career civil servants then, and I still am.（当时的公务员整体素质给我留下了深刻的印象，现在依然如此），由此可知文章中的“opinion”指的是公务员素质很好；定位到第三段第一句 Career public servants are leaving government in alarming numbers, and qualified replacements are becoming harder and harder to find.（离开政府的职业公务员数量惊人，合格的接替者越来越难找到）从这里可知，作者会认为自己将来不会有这种观点，因为公务员都离职了，新进的