2022年考博英语-四川大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷90

2022年考博英语-四川大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题His intelligence and experience will enable him to （ ） the complicated situation.问题1选项A.cope withB.settle downC.intervene inD.interfere with【答案】A【解析】cope with处理, 应对；settle down定居；intervene in干预, 插手；interfere with干扰, 妨碍。句意：他的智慧和经验将使他能够应付复杂的局面。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题A series of border incidents would （ ） lead the two countries to war.问题1选项A.inevitablyB.consistentlyC.uniformlyD.persistently【答案】A【解析】inevitably不可避免地, 必然地；consistently一贯地, 始终如一地；uniformly一致地；persistently固执地。句意：一系列的边境事件将不可避免地导致两国之间的战争。选项A符合句意。3. 单选题“That English fellows songs are very portic.” “（ ） the words to the songs, but he also composes the music.”问题1选项A.He also writeB.Although he writesC.Not only does he writeD.It is not all that he writes【答案】C【解析】not only.but also.为固定搭配。句意：他不仅自己作词, 还自己作曲。4. 单选题The decline in moral standardswhich has long concerned social analystshas at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.The fact the ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nations moral climate, says this ethics professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. “The thought that Im in it for me has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness,” Ms. Elshtain says.Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With todays greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U. S. And Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament for some nonexistent “ golden age, ” Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice.Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. “Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that cant be bought.”1.Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans（ ） .2.The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by （ ） .3.Which of the following characterizes the traditional communities?4.In the 1950s, classroom violence（ ） .5.According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed （ ）.问题1选项A.have adapted to a new set of moral standardsB.are longing for the return of the good old daysC.have realized the importance of material thingsD.are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards问题2选项A.its growing wealthB.the self-centeredness of individualsC.underestimating the impact of social changesD.the prejudice against women and minorities问题3选项A.Great mobility.B.Concern for ones neighbors.C.Emphasis on individual effortD.Ever-weakening social bonds.问题4选项A.was something unheard ofB.was by no means a rare occurrenceC.attracted a lot of public attentionD.began to appear in analysts data问题5选项A.if people can return to the “golden age”B.when women and men enjoy equal rightsC.when people rid themselves of prejudiceD.if less emphasis is laid on material things【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.根据关键词“Elshtain&pleased”定位到第一段”The decline in moral standardswhich has long concerned social analystshas at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad. ”由此可知, Elshtain教授很高兴看到大多数美国人开始认识到社会道德标准的下降。选项D符合原文。2.根据到第三段的二、三句, “Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. ”美国社会的物质主义和个人主义是最大的障碍。选项B以自我为中心的个人主义思想，符合原文。3.根据第四段的第一句话,“Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another.”可知，选项B正确。4.根据关键词“1950”定位到第三段第二句话, “Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.”“unheard of in the 1950s”指在1950年代闻所未闻，由此说明1950年代不存在校园暴力。选项A正确。5.根据关键词“Elshtain & current moral decline”定位到最后一段的第一句话“Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society.”除非人们找到对抗社会物质主义的方法，否则道德滑坡是不会逆转的。由此可见, 当人们减少对物质的追求时, 道德水准的下降趋势可能得以扭转。选项D符合原文。5. 单选题There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most （1 ） held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder even if it means （2 ） the pavement into a busy street! （3 ） you must pass under a ladder you can （4 ）bad luck by crossing your fingers and （5 ） them crossed until you have seen a dog. （6 ） , you may lick your finger and （7 ） across on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the （8 ） has dried. Another common （9 ） is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the houseit will either bring （10 ） to the person who opened it or to the whole （11 ） . Anyone opening an umbrella in fine weather is （12 ） , as it inevitably brings rain!The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month （13） on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid a bad event had better stay （14） , the worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, （15） it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to （16） in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, even though they are （17） witchcraft.It is （18 ）lucky if a black cat crosses your pathalthough in America the exact opposite belief prevails.Finally, a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood （19 ） luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never （20） , touch wood?”问题1选项A.broadlyB.widelyC.quicklyD.speedily问题2选项A.running fromB.jumping offC.stepping offD.keeping from问题3选项A.IfB.AsC.ThoughD.Unless问题4选项A.eraseB.removeC.avoidD.ease问题5选项A.keepB.keepingC.keptD.to keep问题6选项A.ConsequentlyB.HoweverC.ComparativelyD.Alternatively问题7选项A.makeB.printC.performD.produce问题8选项A.labelB.symbolC.markD.cut问题9选项A.argumentB.superstitionC.opinionD.idea问题10选项A.lossB.difficultyC.tragedyD.misfortune问题11选项A.houseB.householdC.homeD.circle问题12选项A.unwiseB.unintelligentC.unpopularD.unfortunate问题13选项A.fallsB.arrivesC.dropsD.happens问题14选项A.awayB.outdoorsC.indoorsD.far问题15选项A.whenB.asC.ifD.though问题16选项A.have originatedB.be originatingC.originatedD.be originate问题17选项A.concerned aboutB.related withC.associated withD.connected in问题18选项A.especiallyB.speciallyC.frequentlyD.rarely问题19选项A.asB.forC.inD.of问题20选项A.broken upB.broken offC.broken awayD.broken down【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:B第10题:D第11题:B第12题:C第13题:A第14题:C第15题:B第16题:A第17题:C第18题:A第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）副词辨析。broadly大体的；widely广泛的。根据原文：在英国有许多迷信，但其中最广为流传的是.选项B符合原文。（2）running from飞奔似的逃离；jumping off跳下来；stepping off步测；keeping from隐瞒，阻止。从人行道上走到繁忙的街道上, 用step off。（3）这里指假设：如果你一定要从梯子下走过.。（4）霉运只能避开，不能消除，所以选项C正确。（5）根据and 前面的crossing可知这里也应该用ing形式。所以选项B正确。（6）根据下文的内容可知，这里指避开霉运的另一种方法，选项D正确。（7）make a cross为固定搭配，意为画十字。（8）根据原文可知，填空处填入的词指代上句提到的在鞋上画的十字。用mark最恰当。（9）上文提到的一个迷信已经描述完毕，这里指另一个迷信，选项B正确。（10）上文提到的迷信会给人带来不幸（unlucky），这里也指不幸，所以选项B正确。（11）根据原文可知，在室内撑伞不仅给个人, 甚至会给家庭带来不幸，选项B正确。（12）原文指：不论是谁, 在天气好的时候撑伞都是不受欢迎的，因为这必然会导致下雨。选项C符合语境。（13）fall on为固定搭配，意为轮到, 恰逢。原文指：当这个月的第13天恰好是星期五时.（14）根据原文：当这个月的第13天恰好是星期五时，要是想避开不好的事情，最好是待在家里。stay indoors指待在家里，符合句意。（15）根据原文：一个人最大的不幸是打碎了镜子，因为这会带来好几年的坏运气。选项B符合句意。（16）原文指过去发生的事情对现在的影响, 所以用现在完成时。选项A正确。（17）将.与.联系在一起用associated with。concerned about关心，担忧；related with使相关，使符合，这里没有被动的意思，所以不选B；connected一般与to搭配。所以选项C正确。（18）根据句意：如果有一只黑猫穿过你面前的路，你那就特别幸运了。选项A符合句意。specially专门地；frequently频繁地；rarely罕见地。（19）for表目的, 原文指：触摸木头, 以此来获得好运。（20）根据原文：如果你认为自己说了一些冒险的话，比如“我的车从没坏过，碰木头吧?”选项D符合句意。break up分手；break off断裂；break away挣脱；break down损坏。6. 单选题John said that he didnt quite （ ） and asked me to repeat what I had said.问题1选项A.snatch upB.catch onC.summon upD.watch out【答案】B【解析】本题考查固定词组的含义, 四个选项中, snatch up夺取, 抢夺;catch on理解, 多用于口语中；summon up振作, 鼓起;watch out保持警觉, 小心。句意：约翰说他不是很理解, 让我再重复一遍说过的话。因此, 本题选B。7. 单选题The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been （ ） .问题1选项A.identifiedB.guaranteedC.notifiedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】identified识别, 辨认;guaranteed保证;notified通知, 告知;conveyed传达。句意：尽管一些可能会导致癌症的条件已经得到确认, 但最根本的原因还不知道。8. 写作题Directions: Write a composition in the title “On Aging Society” based on the following given outline. Your composition should be about 150 English words. Please write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.【答案】There is a classic question in China which may seem bizarre in the eyes of foreigners: should we help the old people who fell down on the street? The topic is controversial because it happened that people who helped the old people got themselves in trouble. I believe we should always offer assistance to senior people who fell down, because if we dont, citizenship will never prevail.This dilemma shows the lack of trust among us and it has been translated into the indifference to others, considering that we have entered into a “society of strangers”. And the situation has been worsened by the unpleasant cases that have happened. But if we want to see changes, we need to do the right thing, and if we all choose to do so, there will be no room for deception and blackmail. In that case, justice will gain the upper hand.It is more important for the government and public media to form an agreeable environment that encourages people to do the right thing. On the one hand, The government should use its hard power to establish laws to protect people who offer help and punish those taking advantage of peoples kindness. On the other hand, public media should make full use of its soft power to raise peoples awareness of citizenship. It has to tell people what is right and what is wrong, and should not hype the bad examples in which kindhearted people get extorted.9. 单选题Usually newspapers （ ） for people with intellectual interests.问题1选项A.suitB.furnishC.regardD.cater【答案】D【解析】caterfor为固定搭配, 指迎合., 其他三个选择项都是及物动词, 不能直接跟介词for。句意：人口稠密的地区是传染病的滋生地。选项A符合句意。10. 翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief.It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking,human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard weeks sweat and effort,the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or businessman, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry trifling things at the weekend.【答案】一个人，为了活的真正开心和踏实，至少要培养两到三项兴趣。而且必须是真正的兴趣。到了晚年才说:“我对这感兴趣，对那也感兴趣”，已经没有什么必要了。这种愿望只能加剧精神紧张。一个人也许在其非工作领域也同样是学富五车，但是，也很难从中得到什么益处或慰藉。做你喜欢的事一般没有什么用;要学会热爱自己的职业。泛泛讲来，人可以划分为三类:劳累至死的人;忧虑至死的人;厌烦至死的人。让一个体力劳动者在周末下午踢足球或打棒球来放松是毫无意义的，因为一周的辛劳已经令他们精疲力竭了。让那些为大事持续操劳或费心了六天的政界人士、专业人员或商界人士，在周日，继续为鸡毛蒜皮的小事劳神，这也同样也是于事无补的。11. 单选题She agreed to take the naughty boy along （ ） he behaved himself.问题1选项A.whetherB.thatC.providedD.in case【答案】C【解析】句意：她同意把那个淘气的男孩带走,只要他听话就行。选项C符合句意。12. 单选题Anthropology is a science （ ） anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.问题1选项A.in thatB.that inC.thatD.in【答案】C【解析】that在这里引导同位语从句, 解释说明科学, 在句中不充当任何成分。in that引导原因从句。13. 单选题If the world is to remain peaceful the utmost effort must be made by nations to limit local（ ） .问题1选项A.collisionsB.combatsC.contradictionsD.conflicts【答案】D【解析】collision碰撞, 抵触, 冲突;combat格斗, 战斗;contradiction矛盾, 否认;conflict冲突(指处于战争状态或激烈的争吵)。句意：如果想要维持世界和平, 各国需要尽最大努力来限制地区冲突。14. 单选题George Washington （ ） .问题1选项A.always will and always has been an American heroB.always has and always will an American heroC.always has and always will be an American heroD.always has been and always will be an American hero【答案】D【解析】考查现在完成时态和一般将来时态的用法。在现在完成时态中，如果谓语中有名词短语时，此时要借助been来一起组成其谓语成分，即have/has been +名词短语；在一般将来时态中，如果谓语动词中有名词短语，此时要借助be来一起组成其谓语成分，即be +名词短语。所以选项D正确。句意：George Washington 一直都是一位美国英雄，并将永远是。15. 单选题（ ） more important, not only the lost cities were recovered, but the new cities were built.问题1选项A.That isB.It isC.BecauseD.What is【答案】D【解析】句意：更重要的是, 不仅找回了丢失的城市, 而且建造了新的城市。16. 单选题During the construction of skyscrapers, cranes are used to （ ） building materials to the upper floors.问题1选项A.tossB.towC.hoistD.hurl【答案】C【解析】toss投掷, 摇晃;tow拉, 牵引;hoist升起,提起;hurl丢下, 用力投掷。句意：在摩天大厦的建设期间, 使用吊车把建筑材料提到上面的楼层。17. 单选题The ceremony will （ ） as soon as the minister arrives.问题1选项A.completeB.descendC.disperseD.commence【答案】D【解析】complete完成；descend下降；disperse分散；commence开始。句意：只要部长一到, 典礼就开始。18. 单选题It is important that an undergraduate （ ） a grade point average of B in his major field.问题1选项A.maintainsB.maintainC.will maintainD.shall maintain【答案】B【解析】It is+adj.+that从句, 从句结构为should+动词原形, should可省略。19. 单选题I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her. She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I dont know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and, with three fingers against my head; I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful. ” She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasnt sure if she understood me (I dont speak Laotian verywell).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldnt make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didnt, of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didnt cry.1.Which of the following in NOT correct?2.The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly because woman_.3.Why did the writer finally decide to buy three skirts?4.When did the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but did not because_.5.Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again?问题1选项A.The writer was not used to bargaining.B.People in Asia always bargain when buying things.C.Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.D.The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.问题2选项A.thought that the last offer was reasonableB.thought she could still make much moneyC.was glad that the writer knew their way of bargainingD.was tired of bargaining with the writer any more问题3选项A.The skirts were cheap and pretty.B.She liked the patterns on the skirts.C.She wanted to do something as compensation.D.She was fed up with further bargaining with the woman.问题4选项A.she had learned to stay cool and unfeelingB.she was afraid of crying in publicC.she had learned to face difficulties bravelyD.she had to show in public that she was strong问题5选项A.she suddenly felt very sad.B.she liked the ribbons so much.C.she was overcome by emotion.D.she felt sorry for the woman.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.根据第五段的最后三句话“.I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.”可知选项 B、C、D均正确。只有选项A错误。2.根据第六段“She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the l