2022年考博英语-中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院考前模拟强化练习题71（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题I marvel that he _, it having been said he had taken his final departure for Portugal.问题1选项A.was not here nowB.should now be hereC.had been awayD.hasnt left【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. was not here now不在这里 B. should now be here在这里C. had been away离开了 D. hasnt left离开了【考查点】虚拟语气。【解题思路】根据marvel可知，该句表示惊讶，而在表示惊讶的句子中，要用should do虚拟语气，所以该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项都不是虚拟语气。【句意】我很惊讶他现在会在这里，据说他最后一次去了葡萄牙。2. 单选题Lest anyone _ it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.问题1选项A.thoughtB.had thoughtC.should thinkD.thinking【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. thought认为 B. had thought认为C. should think认为 D. thinking认为【考查点】虚拟语气。【解题思路】lest表示“以免”，在这表示一种假设的情况，所以要用虚拟语气should do，故空格处要填入should think，该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合虚拟语气用法。【句意】以免有人大惊小怪，我在此证实事实属实。3. 翻译题2. Mobile phones have renewed the interpersonal relationships. There is usually a notice on the door of the meeting room, which reads, “Please turn off your mobile phones during the meeting!” Still, the meeting room invariably echoes with the mobile rings. Although we are all ordinary people with few matters of great urgency, we will not turn off our mobile phones unless absolutely necessary. Turning on the mobile phones is a symbol of our contact with the world. Mobile phones reflect our hunger for social communication, as can always be seen in a phone user who comes to a sudden halt on his way, staring at the screen of his mobile phone for texting regardless of whether he is in the middle of a road or by a public toilet.【答案】2. 手机刷新了人与人之间的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”。最为常见的是，一个人走在路上突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信，他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。4. 不定项选择题The ideal companion machinethe computerwould not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities that make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intimate style. The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it imitated the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After experiencing a wealth of powerful, well- timed friendship indicators, the user would be very likely to accept the computer as far more than a machine and might well come to regard it as a friend.An artificial relationship of this type would provide many of the benefits that could continue from previous discussions. It would have a familiarity with the users life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored. The computers own personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop in response to that of the user. With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.1. Which of the following is not a feature of the ideal companion machine?2. The computer would develop friendships with humans in a (n) _ way.3. Which of the following aspects is not mentioned when the passage discusses the benefits of artificial relationships?4. Throughout the passage, the author is _ in his attitude toward the computer.5. Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage?问题1选项A.Active in communication.B.Attractive in personality.C.Enjoyable in performance.D.Unpredictable in behavior.问题2选项A.quickB.unpredictableC.productiveD.inconspicuous问题3选项A.Being able to pick up an interesting conversation.B.Being sensitive to earlier contact.C.Being ready to learn about the persons life.D.Having a pleasant and adaptable personality.问题4选项A.favorableB.criticalC.vagueD.hesitant问题5选项A.Artificial relationships.B.How to form intimate relationships.C.The affectionate machine.D.Humans and computers.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【选项释义】1. Which of the following is not a feature of the ideal companion machine? 1. 下列哪项不是理想伴侣机器的特点？A. Active in communication. A. 积极参与交流。B. Attractive in personality. B. 有吸引力的个性。C. Enjoyable in performance. C. 令人愉快的行为。D. Unpredictable in behavior. D. 不可预测的行为。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】定位到第一段对理想伴侣机器的描述“理想的伴侣机器不仅看起来、感觉上和听起来都很友好，而且通过编程使其行为举止令人愉快（behave in a pleasant manner）。这些特性使互动变得舒适（make interaction comfortable），但机器仍会保持略微不可预测的状态（slightly unpredictable），因此很有趣。它有时会主动发展或改变话题，并有自己的个性（have a personality of its own）。”，从中可知，理想伴侣机器的特点就是有很好的行为举止、舒适的互动、略微不可预测的状态以及具有自己的个性，只有D项“不可预测的行为”表述与原文不符，文中提到的是slightly unpredictable（略微不可预测的），该项太绝对，故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A项“积极参与交流”、B项“有吸引力的个性”、C项“令人愉快的行为”根据解题思路可知，这三项都属于理想伴侣机器的特点，反向干扰。2.【选项释义】2. The computer would develop friendships with humans in a (n) _ way. 2. 计算机将以_方式与人类发展友谊。A. quick A. 快速的B. unpredictable B. 不可预测的C. productive C. 富有成效的D. inconspicuous D. 不引人注目的【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段第三句“整个过程将以一种微妙的方式（in a subtle way）完成，以避免给人一种过于熟悉的印象，以免引起愤怒”可知，计算机将以一种微妙的方式与人类发展友谊，D项“不引人注目的”是subtle的同义转换，所以该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A项“快速的”、B项“不可预测的”和C项“富有成效的”根据解题思路可知，这三项都属于曲解原文。3.【选项释义】3. Which of the following aspects is not mentioned when the passage discusses the benefits of artificial relationships? 3. 当文章讨论人为关系的好处时，下列哪方面没有被提及？A. Being able to pick up an interesting conversation. A. 能够进行有趣的谈话。B. Being sensitive to earlier contact. B. 对早期接触敏感。C. Being ready to learn about the persons life. C. 准备好了解一个人的生活。D. Having a pleasant and adaptable personality. D. 性格开朗、适应力强。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据关键信息the benefits of artificial relationships定位至最后一段，第二三句提到“它应该熟悉用户的生活，就像在早期的接触中显示的那样，它应该是善解人意的，幽默的。计算机本身将具备活泼的个性，令人印象深刻，并将根据用户的个性发展。”可知，人为的关系带来的好处是：计算机会了解用户的生活，善解人意且幽默，具备活泼的个性并能根据用户的个性发展，只有B项“对早期接触敏感”在原文没有提及，所以该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A项“能够进行有趣的谈话”、C项“准备好了解一个人的生活”和D项“性格开朗、适应力强”根据解题思路可知，这三项属于反向干扰。4.【选项释义】4. Throughout the passage, the author is _ in his attitude toward the computer. 4. 在文章中，作者对计算机的态度是_。A. favorable A. 支持的B. critical B. 批判的C. vague C. 模糊的D. hesitant D. 犹豫不定的【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】通读全文可知，作者介绍的都是理想伴侣机器的优点和特性，根据文章最后一句“有了这些功能，这台机器可能真的会成为一个非常有吸引力的（very attractive）社交伙伴”可以看出，作者对于计算机的态度是非常支持的，所以A项“支持的”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“批判的”与原文相反，属于反向干扰；C项“模糊的”和D项“犹豫不定的”根据解题思路可知，这两项曲解原文。5.【选项释义】5. Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage? 5. 哪一个可能是这篇文章最合适的标题？A. Artificial relationships. A. 人为关系。B. How to form intimate relationships. B. 如何建立亲密关系。C. The affectionate machine. C. 有感情的机器。D. Humans and computers. D. 人类与计算机。【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】首先定位首段第一句“理想的伴侣机器计算机不仅看起来、感觉上和听起来都很友好，而且通过编程能使其行为举止令人愉快”和尾段最后一句“有了这些功能，这台机器可能真的会成为一个非常有吸引力的社交伙伴”可知，文章的关键词是理想伴侣型机器；然后看到文章内容，第一段描述了这种机器的特性，即积极互动、有个性且行为举止得体，然后第二段说明了这种伴侣型机器是如何与人类建立情感关系，最后一段说明了人为的关系将带来的一些好处；综合理解可知，本文主要是讲述能建立感情的机器，所以C项“有感情的机器”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“人为关系”、B项“如何建立亲密关系”只是部分提及，属于以偏概全；D项“人类与计算机”概括范围太大，不精准，属于曲解原文。5. 单选题_ when she started to complaining.问题1选项A.Not until he arrivedB.No sooner had he arrivedC.Scarcely did he arriveD.Hardly had he arrived【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. Not until he arrived直到他到达 B. No sooner had he arrived他一到达C. Scarcely did he arrive 他一到达 D. Hardly had he arrived他一到达【考查点】倒装句。【解题思路】根据句子中的when可知，scarcely/hardlywhen为倒装结构，表示“一就”，句子要部分倒装；根据started可知，事情发生在过去，她开始抱怨是在他到达之后，所以空格处要用过去完成时，所以该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A项不与when搭配；B项一般与than搭配。【句意】他刚到，她就开始抱怨起来。6. 翻译题Any sufficiently advanced technology, noted Arthur C. Clarke, a British science-fiction writer, is indistinguishable from magic. The fast-emerging technology of voice computing proves his point. (1) Using it is just like casting a spell; say a few words into the air, and a nearby device can grant your wish. Dictating e-mails and text messages now works reliably enough to be useful. For example, Apple s Siri handles over 2bn commands a week, and 20% of Google searches on Android-powered handsets in America are input by voice. Why type when you can talk?This is a huge shift. Simple though it may seem, voice has the power to transform computing, by providing a natural means of interaction. Windows, icons and menus, and then touchscreens, were welcomed as more intuitive ways to deal with computers than entering complex keyboard commands. But being able to talk to computers abolishes the need for the abstraction of a “user interface” at all. (2) Just as mobile phones were more than existing phones without wires, and cars were more than carriages without horses, so computers without screens and keyboards have the potential to be more useful, powerful and ubiquitous than people can imagine today.Voice will not wholly replace other forms of input and output. Sometimes it will remain more convenient to converse with a machine by typing rather than talking (Amazon is said to be working on an Echo device with a built-in screen). (3) But voice is destined to account for a growing share of peoples interactions with the technology around them, from washing machines that tell you how much of the cycle they have left to virtual assistants in corporate call-centers.【答案】1. 使用这项语音计算技术就像施咒一样，对着空气说几句话，附近的一个装置就能实施你的指令。2. 正如移动电话不仅仅是没有电线的电话，汽车也不仅仅是没有马的马车一样，没有屏幕和键盘的电脑可能会比今天人们所想象的更有用、更强大、更无处不在。3. 但从洗衣机告诉你它们还剩多久的使用寿命到企业呼叫中心的虚拟助手，语音注定要在人们与周围技术的互动中占据越来越大的份额。7. 单选题If I had seen the movie, I _ you all about it now.问题1选项A.would tellB.will tellC.have toldD.would have told【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. would tell将告诉 B. will tell将告诉C. have told已经告诉 D. would have told本将告诉【考查点】虚拟语气。【解题思路】根据had seen可知，从句表示对过去的虚拟，而主句用了now，可知主句是与现在事实相反，结构要用would/should/could/might + do，所以该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B项在虚拟语气中，情态动词不用will；C、D项不符合虚拟语气的语法。【句意】如果我看了那部电影，我现在就告诉你。8. 不定项选择题Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great dealor at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social classwhether a person is “working-class” or “middle-class”are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her “housekeeping”, would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He wasand still isinclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house but also these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws to improve century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about tomorrow. Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups.1. Which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past?2. The writer seems to suggest that the description of _ is closer to truth.3. According to the passage, which of the following is Not a typical feature of the middle-class?4. Working class peoples sense of security increased as a result of all the following factor EXCEPT _.5. Which of the following statement is incorrect?问题1选项A.Life style and occupation.B.Attitude and income.C.Income and job security.D.Job security and hobbies.问题2选项A.middle-class ways of spending moneyB.working-class ways of spending the weekendC.working-class drinking habitsD.middle-class attitudes问题3选项A.Desiring for security.B.Making long term plans.C.Having priorities in life.D.Saving money.问题4选项A.better social securityB.more job opportunitiesC.higher living standardD.better legal protection问题5选项A.Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society.B.The gap between working-class and middle-class young people is narrowing.C.Difference in income will remain but those in occupation will disappear.D.Middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working class people.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【选项释义】1. Which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past? 1. 下列哪一项被认为是过去阶级差异的原因？A. Life style and occupation. A. 生活方式和职业。B. Attitude and income. B. 态度和收入。C. Income and job security. C. 收入和工作保障。D. Job security and hobbies. D. 工作保障和爱好。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段前两句“过去，工人阶级的收入往往比教师和医生等中产阶级的收入低。由于这一点，也由于工人的工作普遍不那么有保障，生活方式和态度出现了明显的差异。”可知，收入的不同和工作普遍没有那么有保障是造成过去阶级差异的原因，所以该题选择C项“收入和工作保障”。【干扰项排除】A项“生活方式和职业”和B项“态度和收入”中的生活方式和态度是阶级差异的结果，并不是其原因，这两项曲解原文；D项“工作保障和爱好”，原文第二段提到“工人领完工资交给妻子后就去挥霍在喝酒和赌博上”可知，工人喝酒和赌博的爱好是阶级差异造成的结果，不是原因，该项也曲解原文。2.【选项释义】2. The writer seems to suggest that the description of _ is closer to truth. 2. 作者似乎在暗示_的描述更接近事实。A. middle-class ways of spending money A. 中产阶级花钱方式B. working-class ways of spending the weekend B. 工人阶级过周末的方式C. working-class drinking habits C. 工人阶级的饮酒习惯D. middle-class attitudes D. 中产阶级的态度【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】首先根据题干定位至第三段第一句“中产阶级男人如何理财的陈词滥调也许更接近事实（The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth）”可知，这里讲到中产阶级男人如何理财的陈词滥调更接近事实，然后下文提到“他不仅考虑买一套房子，而且这也为他和他的家人提供了安全感”，综合理解可推断，作者在这其实是暗示中产阶级花钱的方式更接近事实，所以A项“中产阶级花钱方式”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“工人阶级过周末的方式”和C项“工人阶级的饮酒习惯”根据第二段最后一句“人们普遍认为（it was widely believed），典型的工人会在周五晚上领取工资，然后在给妻子料理家务后，就出去把剩下的钱挥霍在啤酒和赌博上”可知，这两项是人们普遍认为的观点，并不是作者暗示的内容，属于张冠李戴；D项“中产阶级的态度”根据解题思路可知，该项曲解原文。3.【选项释义】3. According to the passage, which of the following is Not a typical feature of the middle-class? 3. 根据文章，下列哪项不是中产阶级的典型特征？A. Desiring for security. A. 渴望安全。B. Making long term plans. B. 制定长期计划。C. Having priorities in life. C. 在生活中有优先权。D. Saving money. D. 存钱。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第三段二三四句“他（中产阶级男人）过去倾向于更长期的观点，现在依然如此。他不仅考虑买一套房子，而且这也为他和他的家人提供了安全感。只有在极少数情况下，工人们才有机会（或接受教育和培训）制定这样的长期计划。”可知，中产阶级的典型特征就是寻求安全感，制定长期计划，以及有接受教育和培训的机会，即比工人们更有优先权享受到这些机会，只有D项“存钱”没有提到，所以该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A项“渴望安全”、B项“制定长期计划”和C项“在生活中有优先权”根据解题思路可知，这三项符合原文，属于反向干扰。4.【选项释义】4. Working class peoples sense of security increased as a result of all the following factor EXCEPT _. 4. 工人阶级的安全感增加，除了_以外，其他因素都有影响。A. better social security A. 社会保障的改善B. more job opportunities B. 更多就业机会C. higher living standard C. 更高的生活水平D. better legal protection D. 更好的法律保护【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第四段二三句“在很多情况下，工厂工人的收入与他们的中产阶级主管一样多，甚至更多。社会保障和法律的改善，已经使它比以前更没有必要担心明天。”可知，工人阶级收入的提高、社会保障和法律的改善是使他们更有安全感的因素，只有B项“更多就业机会”是没有提到，所以该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A项“社会保障的改善”符合原文，属于反向干扰；D项“更好的法律保护”符合原文，属于反向干扰；C项“更高的生活水平”，工人收入比中产阶级收入一样多甚至更高，从而生活水平也会相应上升，所以该项也属于反向干扰。5.【选项释义】5. Which of the following statement is incorrect? 5.下面哪个陈述是错误的？A. Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society. A. 英国社会的各个方面都在慢慢地发生着变化。B. The gap between working-class and middle-class young people is narrowing. B. 工人阶级和中产阶级年轻人之间的差距正在缩小。C. Difference in income will remain but those in occupation will disappear. C. 收入差距将继续存在，但职业差距将消失。D. Middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working class people. D. 中产阶级有时会觉得自己不如工人阶级。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第一段首句“在过去的25年里，英国社会发生了巨大的变化至少在很多方面是这样的”可知，英国社会在很多方面都发生了巨大的变化，也就是说变化快速，所以A项“英国社会的各个方面都在慢慢地发生着变化”与原文不符，该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B项“工人阶级和中产阶级年轻人之间的差距正在缩小”根据最后一段第一句“生活方式和态度的变化可能在年轻人中最容易看到”以及第三句“与前几代人相比，现在的差异似乎要小得多”可知，工人阶级和中产阶级年轻人之间的差异正在缩小，该项属于反向干扰；C项“收入差距将继续存在，但职业差距将消失”根据最后一段第四句“然而，在高薪人群（无论他们从事何种工作）和低收入人群之间仍然存在着巨大的差距”可知，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰；D项“中产阶级有时会觉得自己不如工人阶级”根据第四段最后一句“事实上，在过去几年里，中产阶级对自己的地位感到有点羞愧的趋势越来越明显”可知，该项也符合原文，属于反向干扰。9. 单选题The directions were so _ that it was impossible to complete the assignment.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.ambitiousC.notoriousD.ambiguous【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. ingenious精巧的，新颖独特的 B. ambitious有野心的，有雄心的C. notorious声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的 D. ambiguous模棱两可的，含混不清的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据结果状语从句的内容“以至于不可能完成这项任务”可知，这个指示是不清楚的、模棱两可的，所以该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符句意。【句意】指示如此模棱两可，以至于不可能完成这项任务。10. 单选题Anyone not paying the registration fee by the end of this month will be _ to have withdrawn from the program.问题1选项A.contemplatedB.deemedC.acknowledgedD.anticipated【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. contemplated考虑，思量 B. deemed认为，视为C. acknowledged承认（属实） D. anticipated预料，预期【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意“凡在本月底前未缴纳报名费者将被_退出该课程”可知，be deemed to（被认为，被视为）符合句意，所以该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】凡在本月底前未缴纳报名费者将被视为退出该课程。11. 单选题_ her pen in ink, when she heard the tramping of little feet along the hall, and then a pounding at her door.问题1选项A.No sooner has she dippedB.Scarcely had she dippedC.As soon as she had dippedD.Hardly she has dipped【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. No sooner has she dipped她一蘸 B. Scarcely had she dipped她刚蘸C. As soon as she had dipped她刚蘸就 D. Hardly she has dipped她刚蘸【考查点】倒装句。【解题思路】根据when可知，scarcely/hardlywhen表示“刚就”，而scarcely/hardly位于句首就要进行部分倒装，所以B项正确。【干扰项排除】A项要与than搭配使用；C项不需要与when搭配；D项没有部分倒装。【句意】她刚把笔蘸上墨水，就听见大厅外的脚步声，然后是敲门声。12. 不定项选择题New parents are annoying. They think you want to hear about every gurgle and baby-step. But it could be worse. When your boss has a sprog, watch your wallet.A study to be published next month in Administrative Science Quarterly looks at what happens to workers pay when a male boss has a child. Researchers tracked salaries at every firm in Denmark with more than ten employees between 1996 and 2006. (They confined themselves to male bosses partly because the sample of female bosses was too small.)Male bosses, it turns out, pay themselves significantly more once they become fathers. Even after controlling for factors such as age, length of tenure and the performance of the firm, the study found that bosses with daughters pay themselves 3.5% more than childless ones. If they have a son, that increases to a hefty 6.4%. David Ross of Columbia Business School, one of the authors, says all fathers feel a duty to support their families. For grunts this means working harder. Bosses have the more agreeable option of raising their own wages.This is bad news for u