2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷54（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The computer can be programmed to（ ）a whole variety of tasks.问题1选项A.assignB.tackleC.realizeD.solve【答案】B【解析】句意:计算机可以编程来处理各种各样的任务。考查动词辨析。assign 分配，指定;tackle 处理，应对;realize 实现， 认识到；solve 解决，解答。根据题干关键词“编程”以及空格处宾语“各种各样的任务”可知B项符合句意。2. 单选题Too many child stars grow up to be unhappy adults. He has to be cautious and not （ ） himself from real life.”问题1选项A.concealB.camouflageC.insulateD.obscure【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项conceal“ 隐藏；隐瞒”；B选项camouflage“伪装，掩饰”；C选项insulate“ 隔离，使孤立”；D选项obscure“ 使模糊不清，掩盖；隐藏”。句意：太多的童星长大后都并不快乐。他必须小心谨慎但不能将自己隔离现实生活。这里选C项“insulate”比较合适，insulate oneself from real life表示 “将自己隔离现实生活”。3. 单选题The current general slackness of the market has prevented us from （ ）new orders with you.问题1选项A.placingB.puttingC.arrangingD.providing【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。根据题意和选项可知本题考查固定搭配place order with sb. “向某人发出订单”，因此选项B、C、D均不符合题意，选项A为正确选项。句意：目前市场普遍不景气，使我们无法向贵方下新订单。4. 单选题Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert, （ ） it means standing in a queue all night.问题1选项A.as ifB.even ifC.providedD.whatever【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项as if“犹如，好似”；B选项even if“即使；虽然”；C选项provided“ 假如，倘若”；D选项whatever“无论什么”。句意：Rod决心要为音乐会弄一个座位，即使这意味着要排整晚的队。由句意可知后面是让步状语从句，故选B。5. 单选题It was felt that he lacked the （ ）to pursue a difficult task to the very end.问题1选项A.petitionB.engagementC.commitmentD.qualification【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。选项A：petition“请愿，祈求, 法 诉状”；选项B：engagement“婚约，约会,交战,诺言”；选项C：commitment “献身,承诺”;选项D:qualification “资格，条件, 赋予资格”。由题意可知本题选项C更切合题意，正确。句意：有人认为，他缺乏将一项困难的任务坚持到底的奉献精神。6. 单选题He was easily hurt because his feelings were very（ ）.问题1选项A.sensibleB.sensationalC.sensitiveD.senseless【答案】C【解析】句意:他很容易受伤，因为他很敏感。考查形容词辨析。sensible 明智的；合乎情理的；能感觉到的;sensational轰动的；耸人听闻的;sensitive敏感的；senseless 愚蠢的;无意识的。根据前半句句意“他很容易受伤”可知C项符合句意。7. 单选题Smuggling is a（ ）activity which might bring destruction to our economy; therefore, it must be banned.问题1选项A.pertinentB.fruitfulC.detrimentalD.casual【答案】C【解析】句意:走私是一种非法活动，可能会破坏经济，因此，必须禁止。考查形容词辨析。pertinent相关的，恰当的;fruitful 富有成效的，多产的; detrimental 有害的，不利的；casual 随便的，非正式的。根据整个句意可知应选择表示负面意义的词，故选C。8. 单选题You must insist that students give a truthful answer（ ）with the reality of their world.问题1选项A.relevantB.simultaneousC.consistentD.practical【答案】C【解析】句意:你必须要求学生给出真实的、与现实一致(符合现实)的答案。考查形容词辨析。relevant 相关的，有价值的，常与介词to搭配;simultaneous 同时发生的；consistent 一致的，常构成短语be consistent with 与一致，与共存的；practical 实际的。题干中的介词是with，因此C项符合句意跟搭配。9. 单选题A computer program can provide information in ways that force students to （ ） learning instead of being merely of knowledge.问题1选项A.shore up/reservoirsB.accede to/consumersC.participate in/recipientsD.compensate for/custodians【答案】C【解析】考查短语及名词辨析。shore up “支持，支撑，加固”；reservoir “水库，蓄水池”；accede to “加入，同意，就任”；consumer “消费者，用户，顾客”；participate in “参与，参加”；recipient “接受者，受体”；compensate for “赔偿，补偿”；custodian “管理人，监护人”。句意：计算机程序可以通过迫使学生参与学习而非仅是知识接受者的方式来提供信息。因此C项符合句意。10. 单选题If we （ ） our relations with that country, well have to find another supplier of raw materials.问题1选项A.diffuseB.diminishC.terminateD.preclude【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项diffuse“扩散；传播；漫射”；B选项diminish“减少，缩小”；C选项terminate“ 使终止；使结束；解雇”；D选项preclude“ 排除；妨碍；阻止”。句意：如果我们终止与那个国家的关系，我们就得另找一个原材料供应者。根据后半句句意可知C正确。11. 单选题Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind. In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican (dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and “apricot leather”.All foods including water -cabbage and other leaf vegetables contains as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish, anything from 80% to 60%, depending on how fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked.Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean countries, and also in California. South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general, the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun. In order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulfur before drying. Plums, for making prunes and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating, so as to Increase the rate of drying.Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110C at entry to about 43C at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish.Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated steel cylinder or by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes. In the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively coarse flakes. In the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Where recognizable places of meat and vegetables are required, as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed.Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions. For these reasons they are invaluable to the climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space. They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them. Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water.1.The open-air method of drying food（ ）.2.Bacteria which cause food to go bad（ ）.3.Nowadays vegetables are most commonly dried（ ）.4.Dried foods（ ）.5.Housewives like dried foods because they（ ）.问题1选项A.is the one most commonly used todayB.was invented by the American IndiansC.has been known for hundreds of yearsD.tends to be unhygienic问题2选项A.cannot live in sunlightB.are killed by dryingC.are in no way dependent on the water contentD.have their activity greatly reduced by drying问题3选项A.on horizontal cylindersB.in hot-air chambersC.in the sun and windD.using the open tray method问题4选项A.are often packed in cans or frozenB.are used by soldiers and climbersC.need more storage space than soldiers usually have availableD.are much cheaper than canned or frozen products问题5选项A.are quick to prepareB.taste betterC.can be preserved by boiling in waterD.look fresh and appetizing when cooked【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一句指出: Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind (几个世纪前，人类就发现了可以通过除去食物中的水分来达到储存的目的， 并且最简单的除去水分的方法就是将食物暴露于阳光和风下面)，因此C项“已经知道几个世纪了”正确。第2题:细节事实题。第二段指出: If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked (如果水分被除去，导致食物变质的细菌的活动将会受阻)。因此D项 “它们的活性会因为干燥而大大降低”正确。第3题:细节事实题。第四段指出:Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110Cat entry to about 43 C at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish (如今都采用机械化方式风干食物。这种脱水的传统方法是把食物放在室内，在大约110摄氏度的入口温度，大约43摄氏度的出口温度下吹入热空气。这种风干方法通常用来风干像蔬菜、肉末以及鱼之类的食物)。因此B项 “热空气室”正确。第4题:细节事实题。最后一段指出: For these reasons they are invaluable to the climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space (基于这些原因，它们对攀登者、探险者和战场上的士兵来说是无价的，因为他们几乎没有存储空间)。因此答案为B项 “供士兵和登山者使用”。第5题:细节事实题。最后一段指出了原因: They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them (它们也很受家庭主妇的欢迎，因为烹饪这些风干了的食物只需要花很少的时间)。因此A项“很快就可以做好”正确。12. 单选题Although he is very rich, his undutiful children are the（ ）of his life.问题1选项A.torchB.tormentC.topicD.topper【答案】B【解析】句意:虽然他很富有，但是他那些不孝顺的孩子是他人生的一大痛苦。考查名词辨析。torch 火炬，手电筒；torment 痛苦，苦恼，折磨；topic 主题， 题目；topper 大礼帽，高档的东西。因此B符合句意。13. 单选题What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science? We all know that science plays an important role in the societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity -he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.He is skeptical he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available -and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.1.Many people believe that science helps society to progress through（ ）.2.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity?3.According to the passage, a successful scientist would not（ ）.4.What does the passage mainly discuss?5.What is the authors attitude towards the topic?问题1选项A.applied knowledgeB.more than one aspectC.technology onlyD.the use of machines问题2选项A.It gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work.B.It gives rise to interest in problems that are unexplained.C.It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.D.It encourages the scientist to look for new ways of acting.问题3选项A.easily believe in unchecked statementsB.easily criticize others research workC.always use his imagination in workD.always use evidence from observation问题4选项A.Application of technology.B.Progress in modern society.C.Scientists ways of thinking and acting.D.How to become a successful scientific.问题5选项A.CriticalB.ObjectiveC.BiasedD.Unclear【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段指出: However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science (然而，许多人认为社会的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面)。因此B项 “不止一个方面”正确。第2题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词curiosity定位至第三段。A:它赋予了科学家在工作中的信心和乐趣。第三段最后一句指出: Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves (除此之外，他认为自己能够改善现有的条件并享受努力解决相关问题的过程)。由此可见，A项符合原文所述。B:它激发人们对未解之谜的兴趣。该段还指出: he wants to find out how and why the universe works (他想要发现宇宙运行的原因和方式)。这里的how and why the universe works相当于B项的problems that are unexplained，由此可见，B项符合原文所述。C:它引导人们研究(调查)潜在的联系。根据该段中的 “his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected (他的这种好奇心促使他去探寻事物之间潜藏的联系，即使相关数据显示这些事物之间似乎没有联系)”可知C项也符合原文所述。D:它鼓励科学家寻找新的行为方式。只有D项在原文中找不到相关信息，故本题选D。第3题:细节事实题。第五段指出:he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available (他不会去接受那些不是基于充分的证据的论断)。因此A项 “轻易相信未经检查的陈述”正确。第4题:主旨大意题。本文采取总分的结构，先是总述:科学在社会中起着重要作用，然而，许多人都认为社会的进步取决于科学的两个不同的方面。后面重点讲了科学的第二个方面，即科学家在工作的过程中所使用的思考和行为方法，因此C项 “科学家思考和行动的方式”是文章重点讨论的。第5题:观点态度题。此文章为说明文。文章只是客观陈述了许多人认为决定社会进步的两个不同的科学方面，重点介绍了科学家在工作的过程中所使用的思考和行为方法，并未掺杂个人观点及情感，故选B项。14. 单选题Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular （ ）.问题1选项A.gapsB.rateC.lengthD.intervals【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。根据题意本题表述的是每隔一段时间可以去周边旅游，因此选项A、B、C均与题意不符，而选项D是固定搭配at regular intervals “每隔一段时间”因此选项D项正确。句意：学生和老师可以每隔一段时间参加岛屿周围美丽的海滩活动。15. 翻译题1.中国是世界上的发明大国，但是很多发明无法走出实验室，归根结底是资金问题。2.当然我们还应该充分意识到，大熊猫生存的主要威胁不是来自于大熊猫的繁殖能力，而是来自于人类对大熊猫自然生态环境的破坏。3.他饮他的花酒，我喝我的清茶。人生需要一种境界：自我安定。4.自幼来自农村且深受“谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”陶冶的我，是断然不肯将能吃的剩菜倒掉的。5.太多的医学和研究生教育把学生禁闭在黑暗的房间里，使他们成为被强迫灌输信息的笨人。【答案】1.China, one of the worlds leading innovators, finds itself in the awkward situation of being unable to get many of its inventions out of the labs, which comes down to the problem of funding.2. Of course, we should also be fully aware that the main threat to the survival of the panda species comes not from the poor propagation of the species, but from mankinds destruction of pandas natural habitat.3. Life, it seems to me, needs a placidity of mind. While others may be wining and dining, Im content with plain tea.4. Born in the countryside and always taught to believe profoundly in the need to “treasure each and every grain of rice in the bowl”，I flatly refuse to throw away the leftovers.5. Too many medical students and postgraduates receive education in a closed room, and finally become a passive knowledge-receiving idiot.16. 单选题When I was still an architecture student, a teacher told me, We learn more from buildings that fall down than from buildings that stand up. What he meant was that construction is as much the result of experience as of theory. Although structural design follows established formulas, the actual performance of a building is complicated by the passage of time, the behavior of users, the natural elements - and unnatural events. All are difficult to simulate. Buildings, unlike cars, cant be crash-tested.The first important lesson of the World Trade Center collapse is that tall buildings can withstand the impact of a large jetliner. The twin towers were supported by 59 perimeter columns on each side. Although about 30 of these columns, extending from four to six floors, were destroyed in each building by the impact, initially both towers remained standing. Even so, the death toll was appalling - 2,235 people lost their lives.I was once asked how tall buildings should be designed given what wed learned from the world Trade Center collapse. My answer was, Lower, The question of when a tall building becomes unsafe is easy to answer. Common aerial fire-fighting ladders in use today are 100 feet high and can reach to about the 10th floor, so fires in buildings up to 10 stories high can be fought from the exterior. Fighting fires and evacuating occupants above that height depend on fire stairs.The taller the building, the longer it will take for firefighters to climb to the scene of the fire. So the simple answer to the safety question is Lower than 10 stories.Then why dont cities impose lower height limits? A 60-story office building does not have six times as much rentable space as a 10-story building. However, all things being equal, such a building will produce four times more revenue and four times more in property taxes. So cutting building heights would mean cutting city budgets.The most important lesson of the World Trade Center collapse is not that we should stop building tall buildings but that we have misjudged their cost. We did the same thing when we underestimated the cost of hurtling along a highway in a steel box at 70 miles per hour. It took many years before seat belts, air bags, radial tires, and antilock brakes became commonplace. At first, cars simply were too slow to warrant concern. Later, manufacturers resisted these expensive devices, arguing that consumers would not pay for safety. Now we do - willingly.1.The first paragraph tells us that （ ）.2.What can we learn from the WTC collapse?3.Ideally, the policy in city construction should be（ ）.4.Why are there still high buildings, or even skyscrapers in many cities?5.What is the most important lesson of the WTC collapse?问题1选项A.architecture is something more out of experience than out of theoryB.architecture depends just as much on experience as on theoryC.it is safer for people to live in old buildingsD.we learn not so much from our failure as from our success问题2选项A.Despite the two strong buildings, the death toll was still very shocking.B.The structure of the two buildings was of the first class.C.The structure of the two buildings was not so strong as people had expectedD.The structure of the two buildings was strong enough to withstand any accidents.问题3选项A.lower than ten storiesB.the lower, the betterC.the higher, the betterD.higher than ten stories问题4选项A.Because they are the symbol of modern times.B.Because many cities now lack building space.C.Because they are an important financial source of a citys budget.D.Because they represent the level of a countrys science and technology.问题5选项A.We should wear seat belts while driving.B.We should build low buildings just as we should drive slowly.C.We should make tall buildings illegal.D.We should pay for safety while constructing tall buildings.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。第一段第二句指出:What he meant was that construction is as much the result of experience as of theory (他的意思是建筑物既是经验的结果，也是理论的结果)。由此可知B项“建筑不仅依赖于理论，也依赖于经验”正确。第2题:判断推理题。根据题干关键词WTC collapse定位至第二段: Even so, the death toll was appalling - 2,235 people lost their lives (即使（两座建筑物没有倒塌），付出的伤亡代价却是惊人的2235人失去了生命)。由此推断A项“尽管两座建筑物很牢固，但付出的伤亡代价却是惊人的”正确。第3题:事实细节题。第三段指出: So the simple answer to the safety question is “Lower than 10 stories.”(所以安全问题的简单答案是“低于10层楼”)。因此A选项“低于十层”正确。第4题:事实细节题。第四段指出: So cutting building heights would mean cutting city budgets (因此削减楼层高度等于削减城市预算)。因此在许多城市里还有高楼大厦，甚至摩天大楼是因为“它们是城市预算的重要财政来源”。答案为C。第5题:判断推理题。最后一段提到从世贸中心倒塌事件得到的一个重要经验: Later, manufacturers resisted these expensive devices, arguing that consumers would not pay for safety. Now we do willingly (之后，厂商拒绝使用这些昂贵的设施，认为消费者不会为安全买单。 但是现在我们的确愿意了)。因此D项 “在建造高层建筑时，我们应该为安全问题买单”正确。17. 单选题Although he thought he was helping us to prepare the dinner, he was actually（ ）the way.问题1选项A.inB.offC.byD.on【答案】A【解析】句意:虽然他以为他是在帮我们准备晚餐，但实际上他是在帮倒忙。考查短语辨析。In the way 妨碍，挡道；off the way 远离正道;by the way