2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷35

2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Diet-related diseases also cost society in terms of decreased work productivity, increased absenteeism, poorer school performance, and reduced fitness on the part of military _, among other negative effects.问题1选项A.recruitsB.reengineeringC.weaponD.scene【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 recruits“新兵；新成员”；B选项 reengineering “企业再造；再造工程；重建”；C选项weapon “武器，兵器”；D选项scene “场面；情景；景象；事件”。句意：与饮食有关的疾病也对社会造成负面影响，如工作效率下降、旷工增多、学习成绩差、身体素质下降等。根据military（军队）以及fitness（身体素质）可推测空白处应该填“人”的单词，因此B、C、D选项都可排除。A选项recruits（新兵）符合，结合句意，A选项为正确答案。2. 单选题Failure in a required subject may result in the _ of a diploma.问题1选项A.refusalB.betrayalC.denialD.burial【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 refusal “拒绝；优先取舍权；推却；取舍权”；B选项 betrayal “背叛；辜负；暴露；违约”；C选项 denial “否认；拒绝；拒绝给予；节制；背弃”；D选项 burial“埋葬；葬礼；弃绝”。句意：如果某门必修科目不及格，可能会被吊销学位证书。结合此处语境，C为正确答案。3. 单选题Food subsidies are necessary for keeping down the price of dairy products and bread.问题1选项A.controlsB.aidsC.accumulationsD.transformations【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项controls“控制；控制装置”；B选项 aids“艾滋病”；C选项 accumulations“积聚，累积；堆积物”；D选项 transformations“转变”。句意：食品补贴对于压低乳制品和面包的价格是必要的。结合此处关键短语keeping down the price（压低价格），得知A选项正确。4. 单选题Perfectly matched pearls, strung into a necklace, bring a far higher price than the same pearls sold _.问题1选项A.collectivelyB.invariablyC.reluctantlyD.individually【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项 collectively “集体地，共同地”；B选项 invariably “总是；不变地；一定地”；C选项 reluctantly “不情愿地；嫌恶地”；D选项individually “个别地，单独地”。句意：相互般配的珍珠，串成一条项链，就能卖到比同等珍珠卖出的好得多的价钱。根据句意，A选项及C选项都可排除。D选项“individually”也不符合句意，也可排除。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题Congress delegates waited _ for the congratulatory telegram from Moscow when the new party was formed.问题1选项A.in termsB.in the long runC.in viewD.in vain【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A选项 in terms “明确地；毫不含糊地；焦急地”；B选项 in the long run “长远；终究”；C选项 in view “在视野范围内；在考虑中的；作为目标”；D选项 in vain “徒然；无效”。句意：当新政党成立时，国会代表们焦急地等待来自莫斯科的贺电。结合句意，判断出选项A为正确答案。6. 单选题Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning-disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together.The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not connect as they shoulD.So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.Other studies did not examine brain tissue. Instead, they measured the brains electrical activity and made a man of the electrical signals.Frank Duffy experimented with his techniques at Childrens Hospital Medical Center in Boston. Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side.1. Scientist found that the brain cells of a learning-disabled person differ from those of a normal person in _.2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?3. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that _.4. Doctor Duffy believed that _.5. According to the passage we can conclude that further research should be made _.问题1选项A.structure and functionB.color and functionC.size and arrangementD.color and arrangement问题2选项A.Learning disabilities may result from the unknown area of the brainB.Learning disabilities may result from damage to a wide area of the brainC.Learning disabilities may result from abnormal organization of brain cellsD.Learning disabilities may result from problems in the left side of the brain问题3选项A.many factors account for learning disorderB.a learning-disabled person shows no outward signsC.reading disabilities are a common problem that affects 10 percent of the populationD.the brain activity of learning-disabled children is different from that of normal children问题4选项A.he found the exact cause of learning disabilitiesB.the problem of learning disabilities was not limited to the left side of the brainC.the problem of learning disabilities resulted from the left side of the brainD.the problem of learning disabilities did not lie in the left side of the brain问题5选项A.to investigate possible influences on brain development and organizationB.to study how children learn to read and write, and use numbersC.to help learning-disabled children to develop their intelligenceD.to explore how the left side of the brain functions in language learning【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章第四段“One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning-disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together.”，中文翻译为：其中一个是大脑左侧控制语言的细胞。这些细胞通常是白色的。然而，在学习障碍者中，这些细胞是灰色的。研究人员还发现，许多神经细胞并没有按照应有的方式排列。神经细胞混合在一起。根据关键词“white” “gray”可排除A、C选项，以及“cells were not in a line”（细胞不在一条线上）可排除B选项，因此可判断D选项“颜色和排列”正确。2.推理判断题。通读全文，A选项“学习障碍可能来自大脑的未知区域。”在文中并没有提及，因此可知A选项正确。B选项“学习障碍可能是由于大脑大面积受损造成的。”在文中第五段“He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not connect as they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.”中文翻译：他认为大脑的这一侧不能正常发育。他说，很可能那里的神经细胞并没有正常连接。所以大脑就像一个电线交叉的电子装置。可推测，大脑受损导致学习障碍。因此B选项正确，可排除。C选项“学习障碍可能是由脑细胞的异常组织引起的。”在文中第二段“There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.”中文翻译：毫无疑问，所有的学习障碍都是由大脑组织方式的差异造成的。因此C选项符合原文意思，可排除。D选项Learning disabilities may result from problems in the left side of the brain. “学习障碍可能是由左脑问题引起的。”可定位到文中第五段“Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. ” 中文翻译：Geschwind博士提出学习障碍主要是由左脑问题引起的。因此，D选项也是直接来自原文，可排除。3.推理判断题。A选项“many factors account for learning disorder”（许多因素导致了学习障碍），可定位到文中第二段第二句“Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things”，中文翻译：科学家们现在知道有许多不同种类的学习障碍，它们是由许多不同的事情引起的。因此A选项正确。B选项“a learning-disabled person shows no outward signs”（有学习障碍的人没有外在的迹象），可定位到原文第三段“You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder.”中文翻译：你不能看着一个孩子就知道他或她是否有学习障碍。没有这种紊乱的外在迹象。因此B选项正确。C选项“reading disabilities are a common problem that affects 10 percent of the population.” （阅读障碍是影响10%人口的一个常见问题），可定位到文中第一段第二句“They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children.” 中文翻译：大约有10%的儿童患有这种疾病。与C选项不符，因此C选项错误。D选项“the brain activity of learning-disabled children is different from that of normal children.”（学习障碍儿童的大脑活动与正常儿童不同），可定位到文中第四段，可知学习障碍者控制语言的左脑细胞是灰色的，而这些细胞通常是白色的。可推测学习障碍儿童的大脑活动与正常儿童不同。因此选项D正确。综上所述，C选项为正确答案。4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“Doctor Duffy”可定位到文中最后一段Frank Duffy experimented with his techniques at Childrens Hospital Medical Center in Boston. Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side. 中文翻译：达菲在波士顿儿童医院医疗中心试验了他的技术。达菲博士说，他的研究证明，阅读障碍不仅会损害大脑的左侧，还会损害大脑的大部分区域。A选项“他找到了学习障碍的确切原因”，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“学习障碍的问题不仅限于左脑”，达菲博士的研究证明“阅读障碍还会损害大脑的大部分区域”，因此，选项B正确。C选项“学习障碍的问题是由左脑造成的”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“学习障碍的问题并不在于大脑的左侧”不符合题意，可排除。综上所述，B选项为正确答案。5.推理判断题。A选项“研究可能对大脑发育和组织的影响”，B选项“研究儿童如何学习读写和使用数字”，C选项“帮助学习障碍儿童发展智力”，D选项“探讨左脑在语言学习中的作用”。根据题干，可以定位到文中最后一段最后一句“达菲博士说，他的研究证明，阅读障碍不仅会损害大脑的左侧，还会损害大脑的大部分区域。”，由此可推测接下来的研究会探讨“大脑发育和组织的影响”，因此A选项正确。7. 单选题Many scientists remain skeptical about the value of this research program.问题1选项A.consciousB.doubtfulC.noveltyD.obscure【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 conscious “意识到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；B选项 doubtful “可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能确定的”；C选项 novelty “新奇；新奇的事物；新颖小巧而廉价的物品”；D选项 obscure “昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；不著名的，无名的”。句意：许多科学家对这个研究项目的价值仍持怀疑态度。结合此处关键词 skeptical “怀疑的”，得知B选项正确。8. 翻译题随着我国经济的发展和城市化水平的提高,未来的能源消费状况及由此带来的环境污染问题日益受到人们的关注。本文简要回顾了1980年以来我国能源消费状况并分析了相应的环境问题，对我国未来能源状况及可能带来的环境影响设置了3种情景进行了预测和分析，得出我国今后因能源消费的SO2，NOx，CO2和烟尘等排放量依然很高，但不同情景的预测结果有较大区别，并提出通过提高能源效率以及加强清洁、可再生能源的开发利用来解决能源消费带来的环境问题。【答案】With the development of Chinas economy and the improvement of the level of urbanization, the future energy consumption situation and the resulting environmental pollution problems are increasingly concerned by people. This paper briefly reviews the energy consumption status in China since 1980 and analyzes the corresponding environmental problems, the future of our country energy situation and the environmental impact of set up three kinds of situation has carried on the forecast and analysis, it is concluded that the future due to the energy consumption of SO2, NOx and CO2 and soot emissions is still high, but different scenarios predicted results have great differences, and put forward by improving energy efficiency, and strengthen the development and utilization of clean and renewable energy to solve the environmental problems are caused by energy consumption.9. 单选题The material support and advisory services offered by these projects _ the will of the poor to help themselves and enable them to lead self-sufficient lives.问题1选项A.prolongB.enforceC.reinforceD.inform【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项prolong “延长；拖延”；B选项 enforce “实施，执行；强迫，强制”；C选项 reinforce “加强，加固；强化；补充”；D选项 inform “通知；告诉；报告”。句意：这些项目提供的物质支持和咨询服务了穷人自助的意愿，使他们能够过上自给自足的生活。根据The material support and advisory services by these projects（这些项目提供的物质支持和咨询服务）可推测这些项目对来说是有利的，A选项不符合题意，可排除。B选项含贬义也可排除。D选项不符合题意，可排除。结合句意，C选项正确。10. 单选题The Haunted AmericaCountries are like little homes; they house a nation, hold ideologies and provides shelter and comfort to its people in hopes that the occupants will nurture better ideas for themselves and further flourish humanity. Such are primary desires and goals of most countries on this small planet.America is no exception. For decades, billions of people around the world slept at night on empty stomachs amidst dreadful circumstances, often dreaming of the freedoms and liberties of America, which they likened to a great land, a paradise and a final destination point.The best and brightest of the world gravitated to the great USA in search of golden opportunities; in hordes they came, and en masse they settleD.America became the nation which acknowledged greatness and provided the driving force to allow the dreams of small, ordinary people to take form and flourish. Free from restrictions, allowing grand expressions with extraordinary liberties, that no other nation in the history of mankind has been able to match at such a grand scale.But currently, it seems that this home of the American nation has started to resemble that old mansion, elegantly pristine （质朴的） but known to be haunted, sitting at the end of that dead-end street where ghosts, mysterious apparitions （幽灵）and unexplainable signs have emergeD.This planet, like an old street, is already full of such haunted houses, which at times seem abandoned, lifeless and unable to give or receive neighborly warmth; factors so critical for any country on the global scene.Can this badly damaged image of America be fixed today and by whom and at what cost? What must it include a new costume, a new mask or a new heart? These are very important underlying questions, but the biggest question remains can an entire country be branded to the rest of the world in the same fashion as a breakfast cereal or laundry detergent?The answer is a flat no. Only the branding-circus would come up with such a fake, superficial, logo-centric-slogan-happy attempt to rebuild a nation painted with banners and billboards. In reality, countries cannot be branded in such a simple process from the past, because nations are already branded over decades and centuries by their histories and cultural interactions and exportable identities.1. America used to be thought of as_.2. America is now likened to_.3. The writer suggests that_.4. According to the passage that _ is NOT true.5. The main rhetorical device of this passage is _.问题1选项A.a paradise without autocratic rulingB.a place of perfect happinessC.a land of marvelous chancesD.all of the above问题2选项A.an elegant and plain houseB.an old dead-end streetC.an old haunted mansionD.an abandoned and lifeless planet问题3选项A.costume and heart have the same functionB.laundry detergent shares the fashion of the countrys brandC.history establishes a brand for its countryD.logo and slogan play a key role in shaping a country问题4选项A.a country should develop better politicallyB.depressed people in the world yearned for AmericaC.there are many haunted houses in AmericaD.America cannot be identified with its tradition问题5选项A.simile and metaphorB.parallelismC.echo-questionD.description【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“For decades, billions of people around the world slept at night on empty stomachs amidst dreadful circumstances, often dreaming of the freedoms and liberties of America, which they likened to a great land, a paradise and a final destination point.”中文翻译为：几十年来，世界上有数十亿人在可怕的环境中饿着肚子睡觉，经常梦想着美国的自由和自由，他们把美国比作一块伟大的土地，一个天堂和一个最终的目的地。以及第三段“Free from restrictions, allowing grand expressions with extraordinary liberties, that no other nation in the history of mankind has been able to match at such a grand scale.”中文翻译为：不受限制，允许以非凡的自由发表伟大的言论，在人类历史上没有任何其他国家能够在如此大的规模上匹敌。故判断出答案选D。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第四段 “But currently, it seems that this home of the American nation has started to resemble that old mansion, elegantly pristine but known to be haunted, sitting at the end of that dead-end street where ghosts, mysterious apparitions and unexplainable signs have emerged.”中文翻译为：但目前看来，这个美国国家的家园似乎开始像那座古老的宅邸，优雅质朴，但众所周知是闹鬼，坐落在那条死胡同的街道尽头，那里出现了鬼魂、神秘的幽灵和无法解释的迹象。可知，A项正确，译为“一所雅致朴素的房子”。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文倒数第一段“In reality, countries cannot be branded in such a simple process from the past, because nations are already branded over decades and centuries by their histories and cultural interactions and exportable identities.”中文翻译为：实际上，国家不可能在如此简单的过去过程中就打上烙印，因为国家的历史和文化互动以及可出口的特性已经在几十年甚至几百年的时间里打上烙印。可知，C项正确，译为“历史为国家树立了品牌”。4.细节事实题。由C选项“美国有许多鬼屋”可以定位到原文倒数第三段中“But currently, it seems that this home of the American nation has started to resemble that old mansion, elegantly pristine （质朴的） but known to be haunted, sitting at the end of that dead-end street where ghosts, mysterious apparitions （幽灵）and unexplainable signs have emerged.” 中文翻译为：但目前看来，这个美国民族的家园似乎开始像那座古旧的豪宅，优雅质朴，但众所周知是闹鬼，坐落在那条死胡同的尽头，那里有鬼魂、神秘的幽灵和无法解释的迹象。可知此处是一个比喻，故C选项不正确，符合题意。5.推理判断题。A. simile and metaphor “明喻和暗喻”；B. parallelism “平行；类似，对应”；C. echo-question “反问”；D. description “说明”。本文主要用的是比喻，因此可以推测出A选项正确。11. 单选题There are actually many convincing reasons to use natural products, even the regular health products are filled with chemicals. All of those excessive chemicals do a lot harm to your body.问题1选项A.persuasiveB.confidentC.obedientD.concrete【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 persuasive “有说服力的；劝诱的，劝说的”；B选项confident “自信的；确信的”；C选项 obedient “顺从的，服从的；孝顺的”；D选项 concrete“混凝土的；实在的，具体的；有形的”。句意：事实上，使用天然产品有很多令人信服的理由，即使是普通的保健品也充满了化学物质。所有这些过量的化学物质都对你的身体有害。结合此处关键词 convincing “令人信服的；有说服力的”，得知A选项正确。12. 单选题In response to the signals, the robot arms make scribbles on white canvas with three colored markers attached to the end of the arms.问题1选项A.imagesB.scriptsC.scratchesD.characters【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项images “图像；影像；肖像”；B选项scripts “原稿”；C选项scratches“刮伤；刮花”；D选项 characters“特性；人物角色”。句意：作为对信号的回应，机器人手臂会在白色画布上涂鸦，手臂末端有三个彩色标记。结合此处关键词markers“记号”，得知B选项正确。13. 单选题All the new knowledge which Dr. Smith has explained and provided is at length developed and established.问题1选项A.surelyB.eventuallyC.preciselyD.consequently【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项 surely “当然；无疑；坚定地；稳当地”；B选项 eventually “最后，终于”；C选项 precisely “精确地；恰恰”；D选项 consequently “因此；结果；所以”。句意：史密斯博士解释并提供的新知识最终得到了发展和确立。结合此处关键词 at length “终究；终归；最终”，得知B为正确答案。14. 单选题Without departing from the fundamental laws of the selfish gene, we can see how cooperation and mutual assistance can _ even in a basically selfish worlD.问题1选项A.flourishB.flutterC.fluctuateD.flush【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 flourish “繁荣，茂盛；茁壮成长，处于旺盛时期；挥舞；炫耀”；B选项 flutter “飘动；（鸟或昆虫）鼓翼；飞来飞去；（心脏等）怦怦乱跳；（人）奔忙”；C选项 fluctuate “波动；涨落；动摇”；D选项 flush “发红；使发光；因兴奋；冲洗，冲掉；把赶出隐藏地；使暴露；绽出新芽；嵌平”。句意：在不违背自私基因的基本规律的情况下，我们可以看到即使在一个基本自私的世界里，合作和互助也是可以繁荣发展的。结合句意，A为正确答案。15. 单选题I am sure that disease must propagate in such unsanitary and crowded areas.问题1选项A.eliminateB.transmitC.replaceD.isolate【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 eliminate “消除；排除”；B选项 transmit “传输；传播；发射；传达；遗传”；C选项 replace “取代，代替；替换，更换；归还，偿还；把放回原处”；D选项 isolate “（使）隔离，孤立；将剔出；（某物质、细胞等）分离；区别看待（观点、问题等）”。句意：我相信疾病一定会在这样不卫生、拥挤的地方传播。结合此处关键词 propagate “传播；传送；繁殖；宣传”，得知B选项正确。16. 单选题Sometimes the bank manager himself is asked to _ cheques if his clerks are not sure about them.问题1选项A.creditB.assureC.certifyD.access【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项credit“相信，信任；把归给，归功于；赞颂”；B选项assure “保证；担保；使确信；弄清楚”；C选项 certify “证明；保证”；D选项access “接近，使用；访问，存取（电脑文档）”。句意：有时，如果银行经理的职员对支票不确定，就要求他本人证明支票。结合此处语境，C选项正确。17. 单选题Since the 1950s, conservation efforts including stricter hunting rules and measures like trapping the birds and then releasing them into healthy forests helped restore wild turkey populations.问题1选项A.protectionB.conspiracyC.compensationD.destruction【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项protection“保护；防卫；护照”；B选项 conspiracy “阴谋；共谋”；C选项compensation “补偿；报酬；赔偿金”；D选项 destruction “破坏，毁灭；摧毁”。句意：自20世纪50年代以来，保护措施包括更严格的狩猎规则和诱捕火鸡然后将它们放归健康的森林等措施帮助了野生火鸡数量的恢复。结合此处关键短语 helped restore wild turkey populations（帮助恢复了野生火鸡的数量），可排除B、D选项，C选项不符合题意，也可排除，得知A选项正确。18. 单选题We must live with the knowledge that all living creatures are _.问题1选项A.moralB.fierceC.fatalD.mortal【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 moral “道德的；精神上的；品性端正的”；B选项 fierce “凶猛的；猛烈的；暴躁的”；C选项 fatal “致命的；重大的；毁灭性的；命中注定的”；D选项 mortal “凡人的；致死的；终有一死的；不共戴天的”。句意：我们必须认识到，所有生物都是终有一死的。故选D。19. 单选题He was accused of being a _ because he made promises which aroused futile hopes in his listeners.问题1选项A.spokesmanB.demagogueC.representativeD.politician【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 spokesman“发言人；代言人”；B选项 demagogue“煽动者；煽动家；煽动政治家”；C选项 representative“代表；典型；众议员；销售代表”；D选项politician “政治家”。句意：他被指控为一名，因为他的承诺在听众中激起了无用的希望。由aroused futile hopes in his listeners（在他的听