2022年考博英语-扬州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第55期

2022年考博英语-扬州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题People usually express their interests by what they habitually talk about and how they allocate their time and money. For example, Allan spends at least as much time watching the stock market as he（ ）.问题1选项A.writesB.does writingC.is writingD.does to write【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。句意：人们通常通过他们习惯谈论的话题以及他们如何分配时间和金钱来表达他们的兴趣。例如，艾伦花在观察股市上的时间至少和他写作的时间一样多。分析句子结构可知，asas表示同级之间的比较，前后时态语态应保持一致，前面使用的是动名词watching，后面同样也应该使用动名词，由此可首先排除选项A和选项D；其次，如果填入C选项句子表达不完整，应使用助动词does来指代spends time，所以选项B正确。2. 单选题Every country and culture, whether its as ancient as India or as young as the Czech Republic, has a history that will greatly affect both the market and the marketer. A market that has been heavily exploited in the past by foreigners will turn a predictably skeptical eye toward any overseas company seeking new sales territory. It may even refuse products that could greatly benefit the society. Understanding that history will enable a marketer to approach the culture in a more subtle manner, and it will certainly cause an adjustment of schedule. On the other end, a culture that has been marked by independence for some time will have few fears of foreign operations and may find the subtle approach far too lackluster and slow.Marketers may bring their own business to the process and should take care to separate themselves, at least emotionally, from their personal and cultural history. Oftentimes, this includes racial prejudices that are difficult to shake, earlier political disagreements that have never been fully settled, of old unhealed war wounds. Lets look at the race issue first. Companies with Caucasian marketing personnel returning to post-apartheid South Africa are generally plagued with a feeling that they owe something to the new black majority government. Its a completely self-generated debt as the government is, in reality, overjoyed that investment has returned after the long embargo. However, this joy doesnt prevent South Africa companies from taking advantage of counterparts guilt feelings when its time to cut a deal. On the political front, the relationship, between Vietnam and the United States is a prime example of two sets of marketers misinterpreting each others history and culture when it came time to do business. Following in the wake of the bloody two-decade war that ended in 1975, the United States and Vietnam finally reopened trade in 1994. The Vietnamese assumed that American business community would heap investment on them to make up for past wrong, while the American thought they would be welcomed as the saviors of Vietnams floundering economy. Most of Americas marketers sent to Vietnam were small children during the war, and the conflict had little bearing on their lives .Vietnams decision makers on the other hand were primarily veterans of the conflict and saw it as the key element of the relationship. Neither side paid attention to the others view of history nor the results have been decidedly disappointing for almost everyone.1.The passage mainly discusses that（ ）.2.It is advisable for a marketer to（ ）.3.According to the passage, which of the following is true?4.The Caucasian example indicates that（ ）.5.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?问题1选项A.cultural differences force companies to adjust scheduleB.marketing success and failure are much like historyC.developing countries are hostile to developed countriesD.the history of a country or culture influences the market问题2选项A.understand the history of a country or cultureB.exploit the market with great effortC.keep a skeptical eye on overseas companiesD.slow down foreign operations问题3选项A.Marketeers should be responsible for the burdens of the past.B.Marketeers should separate themselves from their personal and cultural history.C.Marketeers should disagree on racial prejudices.D.Marketeers should take care of the wounded in the war.问题4选项A.South Africans are plagued with a guilty feelingB.South Africans are overloved with the overseas investmentC.South Africans owe debts to Caucasian companyD.South African companies take advantage of their counterparts guilty feelings问题5选项A.The failure of the reopened trade between American and Vietnam should be taken as a lesson.B.The Vietnamese take it for granted that the American business community will invest money in Vietnam to make up for past wrongs.C.The relationship between Vietnam and the US is a good example of forgetting the past.D.Misinterpreting history and culture leads to business failure.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文开头“Every country and culture, whether its as ancient as India or as young as the Czech Republic, has a history that will greatly affect both the market and the marketer. 每个国家和文化，无论是像印度一样古老还是像捷克共和国一样年轻，都有一段对市场和营销人员都有巨大影响的历史。并且文中列举了两个例子来论证一个国家的文化或历史会影响市场。故D项正确。2.细节事实题。由第一段“Understanding that history will enable a marketer to approach the culture in a more subtle manner, and it will certainly cause an adjustment of schedule. 了解历史可以使营销人员以一种更微妙的方式接近文化，这肯定会导致对日程表的调整。”可知商人了解一个国家的文化或历史很重要。故A项正确。3.推理判断题。由第二段“Marketers may bring their own business to the process and should take care to separate themselves, at least emotionally, from their personal and cultural history. 营销人员可能会把他们自己的业务带入到这个过程中，他们应该注意把自己与他们的个人和文化历史分开，至少在情感上是这样。”可知B项“市场营销人员应该把自己与个人和文化历史分开。”正确。4.推理判断题。由第三段“However, this joy doesnt prevent South Africa companies from taking advantage of counterparts guilt feelings when its time to cut a deal. 然而，这种喜悦并不能阻止南非公司在谈判时利用对手的内疚感。”可知D项“南非的公司利用了他们对手的负罪感”正确。5.推理判断题。由最后一段“On the political front, the relationship, between Vietnam and the United States is a prime example of two sets of marketers misinterpreting each others history and culture when it came time to do business. 在政治方面，越南和美国之间的关系就是一个典型的例子，两国商人在做生意的时候会误解对方的历史和文化。”以及“ The Vietnamese assumed that American business community would heap investment on them to make up for past wrong, 越南人认为美国商界会向他们大量投资，以弥补过去的错误，”可知ABD三项均正确，C项“越南和美国的关系是一个忘记过去的好例子。”与原文不符，越南和美国的关系是由于双方商人对于对方的历史和文化的误解。故答案C。3. 单选题To his inquiry if she were hurt, she made some incoherent reply（ ）she did not know.问题1选项A.to the point thatB.to the effect thatC.to the extent thatD.to the sense that【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项to the point that“到.程度”；B选项to the effect that“大意是，意思是”；C选项to the extent that“达到的程度以致；就来说”；D选项to the sense that没有这种表达。句意：对于他问她是否受伤了，她给出了一些语无伦次地回答，大意是她不知道。选项B符合句意。4. 单选题The report includes a tale of how an honorable man pursuing honorable goals was afflicted with（ ）and led his nation towards catastrophe.问题1选项A.prideB.humilityC.gratificationD.hubris【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项pride“自豪，傲慢”；B选项humility“谦逊”；C选项gratification“满意，喜悦”；D选项hubris“狂妄自大”。句意：这个报告包括了一个故事， 的是一个高贵的人是如何追求崇高的目标，却由于狂妄自大而受到折磨，从而使他的国家走向灾难。选项D符合语境。5. 单选题The election of Barack Obama is a vivid illustration of the extent to which racial attitudes（ ）.问题1选项A.have been evolvedB.have evolvedC.have been involved withD.have been involved in【答案】B【解析】考查句子结构。句意：巴拉克奥巴马的当选从某种程度上来说是种族态度逐渐形成的生动的例证。根据句意可首先排除选项C和选项D；evolve意为“发展，进化，逐渐形成”，在本句中不需要使用被动语态，所以选项A不正确，本题选择B选项。6. 单选题Tomorrow morning I will have to（ ）a conference.问题1选项A.joinB.take partC.attend toD.participate in【答案】D【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项join“加入；参加”；B选项take part“参与， 参加”；C选项attend to“注意；照料” D选项participate in“参加；分享”。句意：明天早上我要参加一个会议。A, B, D三个选项均有 “参加”的意思，但是join多指参加某组织，成为其中的一个成员，take part和participate in一般是说参加某项活动，而take part比participate in更有主动的感觉，且侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。Participate是正式用词，特指参加团体活动，暗示以一个积极的角色参加。因此C项正确。7. 单选题Mr. Gore says the increasing（ ）of bush fires in Australia is an example of how quickly the climate is changing.问题1选项A.viciousnessB.ferocityC.maliciousnessD.malevolence【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项viciousness“邪恶，恶意”；B选项ferocity“凶猛，残忍”；C选项maliciousness“恶意”；D选项malevolence“怨恨，狠毒”。句意：戈尔说，澳大利亚越发肆虐的丛林大火是气候变化速度之快的例证之一。这里是指火势很猛，所以选项B符合句意。8. 单选题In the past forty years, weather forecasting has become almost（ ）computerized.问题1选项A.centrallyB.totallyC.nationallyD.extremely【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项centrally“在中心”；B选项totally“完全地”；C选项nationally“全国性地” D选项extremely“非常，极其”。句意：在过去的四十年里，天气预报已经几乎完全计算机化了。因此B项符合句意。9. 单选题As social beings we live with our eyes upon our reflection, but have no（ ）of the tranquility of the waters in which we see it.问题1选项A.warrantB.obligationC.assuranceD.certainty【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warrant“根据，证明”，强调法律依据，确信无疑的证据；B选项obligation“职责，义务”；C选项assurance“保证，担保”；D选项certainty“必然，确实”。句意：作为社会上的人我们坚信眼见为实，但是没法保证我们所看到的一定就是真实的。选项C符合句意。10. 单选题Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is smallPruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or sizeThe object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shapeSecondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthierYou may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus causing woundsThe health of a tree may be encouraged by removing the branches that are locking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air.One result of pruning is that an open would is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for diseases, but it is a wound that will healOften there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, or that there is a period when the tree is at riskIt should be the aim of every gardener to reduce the risk as far as possibleIt is essential to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughnessYou should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purposePruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without the interference from the leaves and it is, too, very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleedIf this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.1.Pruning is probably usually done to （ ）.2. Trees become unhealthy if the gardener ( ).问题1选项A.make the small branches thicker.B.get rid of the small branches.C.improve the shape of the tree.D.make the tree grow taller.问题2选项A.damages some of the small side branches.B.forces them to grow too quickly.C.does not protect them from the wind.D.allows too many branches to grow in the middle.问题3选项A.To help a wound to dry.B.To cover a rough surface.C.To prevent disease entering a wound.D.To make a wound smooth.问题4选项A.regularly every winter.B.occasionally when necessary.C.as quickly as possible.D.at intervals throughout the year.问题5选项A.To discuss different methods of pruning.B.To explain how trees develop disease.C.To give a general description of pruning.D.To give practical instruction for pruning a tree.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段第一句指出：First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size (首先，修剪可以确保树有一个理想的形状或大小)。由此可知，修剪通常是为了“改善树的形状”，故选C。2.判断推理题。第二段最后一句指出：The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing the branches that are locking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air (修剪掉挡在中间而阻止了空气自由流通的树枝，可以让树更健康)。由此可知，如果园丁让太多的树枝在中间生长，树就会不健康。D选项正确。3.判断推理题。最后一段第一句指出：One result of pruning is that an open would is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for diseases, but it is a wound that will heal(修剪的一个后果是树上留下一个缺口，这为疾病提供了一个容易的入口，但这是一个可以愈合的伤口)。因此树被涂上一种特殊材料终究是为了“防止疾病通过修剪口侵入”。B项和D项都是干扰项，虽然后面提到：It is essential to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness (修剪过的区域必须光滑干净，因为粗糙会减缓愈合速度)。但它们并不是最终原因。因此本题选C。4.判断推理题。第一段指出：Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and (只有在有充分和明确的理由时才应该修剪树木)。由此推断，B项“必要时偶尔修剪”正确。5.主旨大意题。本文开头讲了修剪的原因，方法，后面讲了修剪的后果极其处理方法，因此C项“概述修剪”比较能概括本文主旨。11. 单选题We must allow plenty of time to get to the airportwe cant（ ）on the road being clear.问题1选项A.drawB.capitalizeC.gambleD.decide【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。draw“画，拉”；capitalize“估计的价值”；gamble“打赌，冒险”，gamble on对打赌；decide“决定”。句意：我们必须保证足够的时间到达机场我们不能打赌路上畅通无阻。C项正确。12. 翻译题2. Translate the following into English. (10%)中国政府已做出了重大的努力，动员人民因地制宜地开展改善生态环境的工作。我们还要做出更大的努力来提高人们的环境意识。需要新闻媒体广泛宣传我国的环境政策，普及环境知识，使每一个人投入保护生态环境的行动中去。【答案】The Chinese government has made great efforts to mobilize people to improve ecological environment according to local conditions. We will double our effort to raise people s awareness of environment. The news media are needed to publicize the environmental policy in our country, popularize the knowledge about environment, making every citizen take an active part in ecological environment protection.13. 写作题Directions: Human identity, the idea that defines each and every one of us, could be facing an unprecedented crisis. It is a crisis that would threaten long-held notions of who we are, what we do and how we behave. According to neuroscientists, this crisis could reshape the way we think, we learn and we interact with each other, alter what makes us happy, and modify our capacity for reaching our full potential as individuals. It is caused by one simple fact: We are excessively reliant on the use of the information technology. Likewise, the way we traditionally learn and teach in classrooms is under threat from the modern technology and fails to attract the post-1990s, who have been negatively stereotyped as a selfish group or labeled as Iphone fans or Wechat-(or QQ-) addicted kids.What do you think of the possible changes that could be made in the Chinese tertiary education to be adapted to the learning needs of the post-1990s in the new era of information technology? Write a composition of about 250 words expressing your own opinions. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)Note: In the first part of your writing you should state clearly the thesis statement (i.e., your main argument), and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.【答案】略14. 单选题The car engine may（ ）as we go up the hill.问题1选项A.extinguishB.stallC.ceaseD.start【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。extinguish“熄灭，压制，消灭”；stall“熄火，拖延”；cease“停止，结束”；start“开始”。句意：当我们上山时，汽车发动机可能会熄火。B项符合题意。15. 单选题（ ）, I couldnt understand what is meant by that.问题1选项A.As I try hardB.Hard as I might tryC.I might try hardD.I tried hard【答案】B【解析】语法题。考查倒装。句意：尽管我很努力，我还是不明白那是什么意思。这里是as（尽管）引导的倒装句结构：adj./adv.+ as +主语+其他成份，因此B选项正确。16. 写作题Directions: Write a composition on the topic The Social Function of Health. You should write at least 250 words and you should base your composition on the outline below:1.健康在个人行使社会功能中的作用。2.健康对于整个社会的作用。3.健康不仅是医学问题，更是社会问题。【答案】略17. 单选题Certain decisions were made that seemed obvious and necessary at the time, but（ ）, we know that some of them are not as beneficial as the creators then believed.问题1选项A.in retrospectionB.in retrospectC.with reminiscenceD.in nostalgia【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。in retrospect意为“回顾往事，检讨过去”。句意：有些决定在当时看来是显而易见和必要的，但回顾过去，我们知道有些决定并不像当时我们所认为的那样有益。选项B符合句意。18. 单选题When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, its amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Dont the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungry lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of the sporting spirit is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.Why should we ban violent spoils if people enjoy them so much? You may welt ask. The answer is simple: they arc uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The taw is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.1. It can be inferred from the passage that the authors opinion of nowadays human beings is（ ）.2.The main idea of this passage is（ ）.3.That the author mentions the old Romans is（ ）.4.How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?5.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.not very highB.high.C.contemptuous.D.critical.问题2选项A.vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.B.people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.C.to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.D.people are bloodthirsty