2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷31

2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Does he have the right work experience and skills? （ ）, can he do the job?问题1选项A.In another wayB.In other waysC.In another wordD.In other words【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。in another way另一方面；in other ways 在其他方面；in in other words 换句话说。in anther word没有这个搭配。空格前后句子意思相似，故D项正确。句意：他有相关的工作经验和技能吗？换言之，他能做这个工作吗？2. 单选题His（ ）in English, French and Italian made him a prominent interpreter in the country.问题1选项A.ProficiencyB.diversionC.immersionD.involvement【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。proficiency精通，熟练；diversion转移，消遣；immersion沉浸，浸入；involvement参与，牵连。由后半句的prominent interpreter著名的翻译家可知他对这三种语言很熟练。故A项正确。3. 单选题A senior United Nations Childrens （UNICEF） official on May 29 praised China for its remarkable achievements in childrens welfare.A. H. M. Farook, UNICEFs operations area officer for China and Mongolia said that China “can be very satisfied to tell the whole world what can be done with limited resources to help its children to grow healthily and happily.”Chinas child population makes up one-fifth of the worlds total. “The reason behind the tremendous achievement is Chinas long tradition of caring for children both at home and in society, he said.”“Whats more is that Chinese people have always given special attention to children who are in special need.” The UN official made the remarks when addressing a group of 50 children and staff from the Beijing Childrens Welfare Home at the Shangri-la Hotel. Beijing.The hotel invites the orphans to share snacks, sing, dance and play games at a park inside the hotel for a “Share the Sunshine” party, as a prelude to celebrations to mark the Childrens Day.The Beijing childrens Welfare Home, set up soon after New China was founded in 1949, has at present more than 400 children.A leading official of the welfare institution said that the children live a happy life and that the agency spends 400-500 yuan a month for an average orphan. An average Chinese workers earned 440 yuan a month during the first quarter this year. Go Xiaojin, deputy secretary-general of the China Youth Development Foundation（CYDF） said people from all walks of life have contributed to the welfare of the Chinese children. She said that CYDF set up the Project Hope in 1989, which calls on people across the country to donate money to help poor children to continue their schooling.By the end of last year, she said, CYDF had collected nearly 700 million yuan in donations, which has helped the establishment of 2,074 hope primary schools and enabled more than 1.25 million dropouts to return to school classrooms. Three “Hope Stars” also attended the party. They were mode1 teenagers chosen among students who are economically supported by the Project Hope to further their nine-year compulsory studies in the poverty-stricken regions. They will be torchbearers for the Chinese Team for the upcoming Atlanta Olympic Games this year.1. Children can grow healthily and happily as long as（ ）.2. Every year the Bejing Childrens Welfare Home spends（ ） on the orphans.3. CYDF collected 700 million yuan with the purpose of（ ）.4. We can infer from the text that（ ）.5. It is possible that this passage was written in（ ）.问题1选项A.parents take good care of them both at home and in societyB.the whole society care for children as well as their parentsC.Schools and teachers pay much attention to the growth of childrenD.Chinese people always give special attention to children who are in special need问题2选项A.1, 920,000 yuan 2,160. 000 yuanB.2, 160.000 yuanC.over 2, 400. 000 yuanD.2.200. 000 yuan or so问题3选项A.reducing dropoutsB.helping homeless orphansC.supporting the Chinese Team for the coming Atlanta Olympic GamesD.establishing 2, 074 Hope primary schools all over the country问题4选项A.every Chinese child has its own special need, so we should pay special attention to eachB.all the children in the poverty-stricken regions of China are too poor to go to schoolC.ever since liberation, the Chinese Communist Party has been concerned about the growth of the younger generationD.with the help of UNICEF officials, there are no more dropouts in China问题5选项A.1992B.1996C.1998D.2000【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干定位到第一段“The reason behind the tremendous achievement is Chinas long tradition of caring for children both at home and in society, he said. 他说，这一巨大成就背后的原因是在中国，家庭和社会都照顾儿童的悠久传统。可知中国小孩可以健康快乐成长的原因是社会和家庭对儿童的共同关心。故B项正确。A项只强调了父母的作用；C项只强调了学校和老师的作用；D项“中国人总是关注那些有特殊需要的孩子”这句话只提到了有特殊需要的孩子(比如孤儿)，而题干问的是在什么样的条件下，孩子们才能健康快乐成长，显然题干是指所有的中国孩子。故D项不选。答案B。2.推理计算题。由第六段The Beijing childrens Welfare Home, set up soon after New China was founded in 1949, has at present more than 400 children. 以及第七段A leading official of the welfare institution said that the children live a happy life and that the agency spends 400-500 yuan a month for an average orphan.可知用于400多名孤儿的福利院的开支为 400x12x400=1920,000 到 400x12x500=2400,000之间，因为文中并未给出孤儿的确切数量和每个孤儿每月的确切开支，故福利院每年用于孤儿身上的开支是不确定的，只能是一个大概范围内的数字，范围为1920000-2400000之间。故D项正确。3.细节事实题。由最后一段By the end of last year, she said, CYDF had collected nearly 700 million yuan in donations, which has helped the establishment of 2,074 hope primary schools and enabled more than 1.25 million dropouts to return to school classrooms. 她说，截至去年年底，中国青少年发展基金会已筹集7亿元捐款，帮助建立了2074所希望小学，使125多万失学儿童重返校园。可知D项正确。4.推理判断题。由第六段“The Beijing childrens Welfare Home, set up soon after New China was founded in 1949, has at present more than 400 children. 北京儿童福利院成立于新中国成立（1949）后不久，目前有400多名儿童。可知自新中国成立以来，北京福利院接收了400多名儿童，中国政府一直关心儿童的成长。故C项正确。A项“给每个孩子特特殊关注”是对原文“Whats more is that Chinese people have always given special attention to children who are in special need.”的曲解。BD两项表述有误。5.细节事实题。由最后一句They will be torchbearers for the Chinese Team for the upcoming Atlanta Olympic Games this year. 他们将成为今年亚特兰大奥运会中国队的火炬手。可知这篇文章写于亚特兰大奥运会举办的那年，也就是1996年。故B项正确。4. 单选题Yesterday afternoon a multitude of people attended the fund raising presentation in the mall问题1选项A.small numberB.special groupC.huge crowdD.youthful team【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。a multitude of 许多的，大批的。只有C项“huge crowd 大群人”正确。句意：昨天下午，许多人参加了在商场举行的募捐活动。5. 单选题Careful planning and hard work will（ ）our final success.问题1选项A.ensureB.encloseC.dischargeD.deny【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。ensure“保证，确保”；enclose“围绕，装入”；discharge“准许，释放，排出”；deny“否定，否认”。句意：认真的计划和努力的工作将确保我们最后的成功。只有A项符合句意。6. 单选题For 150 years scientists have tried to determine the solar constant, the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth. Yet，even in the most cloud-free regions of the planet, the solar constant cannot be measured precisely. Gas molecules and dust particles in the atmosphere absorb and scatter sunlight and prevent some wavelengths of the light from ever reaching the ground.With the advent of satellites, however, scientists have finally been able to measure the Suns output without being impeded by the Earths atmosphere. Solar Max. a satellite from theNational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), has been measuring the Suns output since February 1980. Although a malfunction in the satellites control system limited its observation for a few years, the satellite was repaired in orbit by astronauts from the space shuffle in 1984. Maxs observations indicate that the solar constant is not really constant after all.The satellites instruments have detected frequent，small variations in the Suns energy output generally amounting to no more than 0.05 percent of the Suns mean energy output and lasting from a few days to a few weeks. Scientists believe these fluctuations coincide with the appearance and disappearance of large groups of sunspots on the sunspots are relatively dark regions on the Suns surface that have strong magnetic fields and a temperature about 2.000 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than the rest of the Suns surface. Particularly large fluctuations in the solar constant have coincided with sightings of large groups, in 1980，for example. Solar Maxs instruments registered a 0.3 percent drop in the solar energy reaching the Earth. At that time a sunspot group covered about 0.6 percent of the solar disk, an area 20 times larger than the Earths surface.Long-term variations in the solar constant are more difficult to determine. Although Solar Maxs data have indicated s slow and steady decline in the Suns output. Some scientists have thought that the satellites aging detectors might have become less sensitive over the years, thus falsely indicating a drop, in the solar constant. This possibility was dismissed; however, by comparing solar Maxs observations with data from a similar instrument operating on NASAs Nimbus 7 weather satellite since 1978.1. What does this passage mainly discuss?2. Why does the author mention “gas and “dust” in line 3?3. According to the passage, scientists believe variations in the solar constant are related to（ ）.4. Why did scientists think that Solar Max might be giving unreliable information?5. The attempt to describe the solar constant can best be described as（ ）.问题1选项A.The launching of a weather satellite.B.The components of the Earths atmosphere.C.The measurement of variations in the solar constant.D.The interaction of sunlight and air pollution.问题2选项A.They magnify the solar constant.B.They are found in varying concentrations.C.Scientific equipment is mined by gas and dustD.They interfere with accurate measurement of the solar constant.问题3选项A.sunspot activityB.unusual weather patternsC.increased levels of dustD.fluctuations in the Earths temperature问题4选项A.Solar Max did not work for the first few years.B.The space shuttle could not fix Solar Maxs instruments.C.Solar Maxs instrument was getting old.D.Nimbus 7 interfered with Solar.问题5选项A.an ongoing research effortB.an issue that has been resolvedC.a question that can never be answeredD.historically interesting, but irrelevant to contemporary concerns【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。由第一段“For 150 years scientists have tried to determine the solar constant, the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth. Yet，even in the most cloud-free regions of the planet, the solar constant cannot be measured precisely. 150年来，科学家们一直试图确定太阳常数，即到达地球的太阳能总量。然而，即使在地球上最无云的地区，太阳常数也无法精确测量。”可知本文的主题是solar constant太阳常数，主要讨论太阳常数的测量问题。故C项正确。2.判断推理题。Yet，even in the most cloud-free regions of the planet, the solar constant cannot be measured precisely. Gas molecules and dust particles in the atmosphere absorb and scatter sunlight and prevent some wavelengths of the light from ever reaching the ground. 而，即使在地球上最无云的地区，太阳常数也无法精确测量。大气中的气体分子和尘埃颗粒吸收和散射阳光，阻止某些波长的光到达地面。所以作者提到气体分子和尘埃颗粒是想说明这两者阻碍了对太阳常数的精确测量。故D项正确。3.细节事实题。由第三段“Scientists believe these fluctuations coincide with the appearance and disappearance of large groups of sunspots on the sunspots are relatively dark regions on the Suns surface that have strong magnetic fields and a temperature about 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than the rest of the Suns surface. 科学家们认为，这些波动与太阳黑子上大群太阳黑子的出现和消失相吻合。太阳黑子是太阳表面上相对黑暗的区域，具有很强的磁场，温度比太阳表面的其他部分低2000华氏度。可知太阳常数的波动与太阳黑子的活动有关，故A项正确。4.判断推理题。由最后一段“Although Solar Maxs data have indicated s slow and steady decline in the Suns output. Some scientists have thought that the satellites aging detectors might have become less sensitive over the years, thus falsely indicating a drop, in the solar constant. 尽管太阳活动极大期的数据显示太阳活动缓慢而稳定地减少。一些科学家认为，随着时间的推移，该卫星的老化探测器可能变得不那么敏感，从而错误地显示出太阳常数的下降。可知由于卫星的老化有可能使得探测不敏感，所以科学家认为太阳活动极大期的信息可能不准确。故C项正确，5.文章最后一段讲了对于太阳常数的研究已经展开，这是项复杂而艰巨的工程，需要持续不断的研究和努力。故A项正确。7. 单选题I have asked a lot of people, but（ ） of them knew（ ） about such a thing.问题1选项A.not .everythingB.neither.somethingC.none.anythingD.a few.nothing【答案】C【解析】考查语法。a few用于肯定，故排除D项。能与of连用的只有none。anything用于否定。故C项正确。句意：我问了许多人，但是没有人知道这件事。8. 翻译题“All nature is meant to make us think of paradise,” Thomas Merton observed. Because the Creation puts on a nonstop show, beauty is free and inexhaustible, but we need training in order to perceive more than the most obvious kinds. Even 15 billion years or so after the Big Bang, echoes of that event still linger in the form of background radiation, only a few degrees above absolute zero. Lust so, I believe, the experience of beauty is an echo of the order and power that permeate the universe. To measure background radiation, we need subtle instruments; to measure beauty, we need alert intelligence and our five keen senses.Anyone with eyes can take delight in a face or a flower. You need training, however, to perceive the beauty in mathematics or physics or chess, in the architecture of a tree, the design of a birds wing, or the shiver of breath through a flute. For most of human history, the training has from elders who taught the young how to pay attention.By paying attention; we learn to savor all sorts of patterns, from quantum mechanics to patchwork quilts. This predilection brings with it a clear evolutionary advantage, for the ability to recognize patterns helped our ancestors to select mates, find food, avoid predators. But the same advantage would apply to all species, and yet we alone compose symphonies and crossword puzzles, carve stone into status, map time and space.【答案】托马斯默顿曾感言：“天地万物欲使我们想到天堂。”上天造物，生生不息，犹如连番上演的舞台剧，美亦展示得无拘无朿、无穷无尽。若要从最显见的物类中获得更多 美的感悟，则须经专门训练。即使在宇宙大爆炸的一百五十亿年后，其反射仍以背景辐射的形式，略略徘徊于绝对零度之上。正因为此，人们对美的体验，实则是对宇宙间无处不在的秩序与力量的回应。测量背景辐射，要有精巧的仪器；体验美，则需机敏的智能与敏锐的五官了。凡眼见于俏脸、鲜花，无人不觉赏心悦目。然而，要参透数学、物理或棋弈之美，欣赏树之有形、鸟之翼趣，乃至对长笛奏出的悠悠颤音心领祌会，则必经专门训练方可体味。在人类大部历史上，这种训练就是学会如何观察，历来由长者教之于幼者。通过观察，人类学会鉴赏天地万化之模式，从量子力学到百纳被无所不包。此痴情所至，亦使人类在进化过程中占尽先机，能辨万化之象，有助于先人们择偶、觅食，逃避猛兽。按理，同一进化优势本应造福世间一切物种，然惟独人类能谱出交响曲、制作填字游戏、创造石雕艺术、标示时空天体。那么，是人类为获敏锐的感知而一味将其动物的本能需求推向了乖戾之极致，还是人脑构造与宇宙天体碰巧契合呢？9. 写作题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you will do to make your life more meaningful. You should write at least 200 words. Put your essay on Answer Sheet.Part I Cloze 【答案】略10. 单选题In 1998 consumers could purchase virtually anything over the internet. Books, compact discs. And even stocks were available from Word Wide Web sites that seemed to spring up almost daily. A few years earlier, some people had predicted that consumers accustomed to shopping in stores would be reluctant to buy things that they could not see or touch in person. For a growing number of time-starved consumers, however, shopping from their home computer was proving to be a convenient alternative to driving to the store.A research estimated that in 1998 US consumers would purchase $7.3 billion of goods over the internet, double the 1997 total. Finding a bargain was getting easier owing to the rise of online auctions and Web sites that did comparison shopping on the Internet for the best deal.For all the consumer interest, retailing in cyberspace was still a largely unprofitable business, however. Internet pioneer Amazon. Com, which began selling books in 1995 and later branched into recorded music and videos, posted revenue of $ 153.7 million in the third quarter, up from $37.9 million in the same period in 1997. Overall, however, the companys loss widened to $45.2 million from $9.6 million, and analysts did not expect the company to turn a profit until 2001. Despite the great loss, A had a stock market value of many billion, reflecting investors optimism about the future of industry.Internet retailing appealed to investors because it provided efficient means for reaching millions of consumers without having the cost of operating conventional stores with their armies of salespeople. 33. Selling online carried its own risks, however. With so many companies competing for consumers attention, price competition was intense and profit margins thin or nonexistent. One video retailer sold he hit movie Titanic for $9.99, undercutting the $19.99 suggested retail price and losing about $6 on each copy sold. With Internet retailing still in its initial stage, companies seemed willing to absorb such losses in an attempt to establish a dominant market position.1. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the writer?2. Finding a bargain on the internet was getting easier partly because（ ）.3. “For all the consumer interest” （Paragraphs） means（ ）.4. It can be inferred from the passage that A（ ）.5. Investors are interested in Internet retailing because（ ） .问题1选项A.Consumers are reluctant to buy things on the internet.B.Consumers are too busy to buy things on the internet.C.Internet retailing is a profitable business.D.More and more consumers prefer internet shopping.问题2选项A.there were more and more Internet usersB.there were more and more online auctionsC.the consumers had more money to spendD.there were more goods available in the Internet问题3选项A.to the interest of all the consumersB.for the interest of all the consumersC.though consumers are very much interestedD.all the consumers are much interested问题4选项A.will probably make a profit in 2001B.is making a profit nowC.is a company that sells books onlyD.suffers a greet loss on the stock market问题5选项A.selling online involves little riskB.Internet retailing is in its initial stageC.it can easily reach millions of consumersD.they can make huge profits from it.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段For a growing number of time-starved consumers, however, shopping from their home computer was proving to be a convenient alternative to driving to the store. 然而，对于越来越多缺乏时间的消费者来说，事实证明，用家用电脑购物比开车去商店更方便。For all the consumer interest, retailing in cyberspace was still a largely unprofitable business, 尽管有消费者感兴趣，但网络零售在很大程度上仍是一项无利可图的业务，可知AC两项表述与原文相反，B项“消费者太忙而不会网上购物”表述有误。故D项“越来越多的消费者更喜欢网购”正确。2.细节事实题。由第二段Finding a bargain was getting easier owing to the rise of online auctions and Web sites that did comparison shopping on the Internet for the best deal. 由于网上拍卖和一些为了比价买最划算的产品的网站兴起，寻找便宜货变得越来越容易。可知B项正确。3.语义题。For all the consumer interest, retailing in cyberspace was still a largely unprofitable business, 尽管消费者感兴趣，但网络零售在很大程度上仍是一项无利可图的业务。接着下文列举了亚马逊的亏损。故interest在句中意为“感兴趣”，即使很多消费者喜欢网上购物，但网上零售仍是无利可图的。故C项正确。4.推理判断题。由Internet pioneer Amazon. Com, which began selling books in 1995 and later branched into recorded music and videos互联网先驱亚马逊。1995年，该公司开始销售图书，后来又涉足录制音乐和视频。以及 analysts did not expect the company to turn a profit until 2001. Despite the great loss, A had a stock market value of many billion, reflecting investors optimism about the future of industry.分析师们预计，该公司要到2001年才会盈利。尽管损失惨重，但亚马逊的股票市值仍高达数十亿美元，反映出投资者对行业未来的乐观态度。可知A项“可能在2001年盈利”正确；B项与原文不符；C项“亚马逊只卖书”与原文不符；D项表述错误，亚马逊的股票一直很稳健。5.判断推理题。由最后一段“Internet retailing appealed to investors because it provided efficient means for reaching millions of consumers without having the cost of operating conventional stores with their armies of salespeople. 互联网零售之所以吸引投资者，是因为它提供了一种有效的方式，可以接触到数以百万计的消费者，而无需花费经营传统商店的大量销售人员的成本。可知投资者对互联网零售感兴趣的原因是通过互联网能接触到很多消费者，并且能节省成本。故C项正确。11. 单选题Once you have added up the figures in the budget plan, you will have to（ ）income tax to arrive at the net spending amount available to you.问题1选项A.divideB.deductC.multiplyD.add【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。divide“分开”；deduct“扣除;减去”multiply“乘； 使增加”；add“增加”，add to“加入，增加”。句意：一旦你把预算计划中的数字加起来，为了得出你可利用的净支出金额，你将不得不加入所得税。D项符合题意。12. 单选题He wo