2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷23

2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The oil price is also a big risk, mainly because the Bush （ ） appears determined to attack Iraq.问题1选项A.governmentB.administrationC.cabinetD.registration【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。government “政府”；administration “管理，行政”；cabinet “内阁”；registration “登记，注册”。句意：油价也是一个很大的风险，主要是因为布什政府似乎决意要攻打伊拉克。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题It has always been difficult for the philosopher or scientist to fit time into his view of the universe. Prior to Einsteinian physics, there was no truly adequate formulation of the relationship of time to other forces in the universe, even though some empirical equations included time quantities. However, even the Einsteinian formulation is not perhaps totally adequate to the job of fitting time into the proper relationship with the other dimensions, as they are called, of space. The primary problem arises in relation to things which might be going faster than the speed of light, or have other strange properties.Examination of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas yields the interesting speculation that if something did actually exceed the speed of light it would have its mass expressed as an imaginary number and would seem to be going backwards in time. The barrier to exceeding the speed of light is an apparent need to have an infinite quantity of mass moved at exactly the speed of light. If this situation could be leaped over in a large quantum jump - which seems highly unlikely for masses that are large in normal circumstances - then the other side may be achievable.The idea of going backwards in time is derived from the existence of a time vector that is negative, although just what this might mean to our senses in the unlikely circumstance of our experiencing this state cannot be conjectured. There have been, in fact, some observations of particle chambers which have lead some scientists to speculate that a particle called the tachyon may exist with the tans-light properties we have just discussed.The difficulties of imagining and coping with these potential implications of our mathematical models points out the importance of studying alternative methods of notation for advanced physics. Professor Zuckerkandl, in his book Sound and Symbol, hypothesizes that it might be better to express the relationships found in quantum mechanics through the use of a notation derived from musical notations. To oversimplify greatly, he argues that music has always given parameters or dimensions. Therefore, it might be a more useful language in which to express the relationships in physics where time again has a special role to play, and cannot be treated as just another dimension.The point of this, or any other alternative to the current methods of describing basic physical processes, is that time does not appear - either by common experience or sophisticated scientific understanding - to be the same sort of dimension or parameter as physical dimensions, and is deserving of completely special treatment, in a system of notation designed to accomplish that goal.One approach would be to consider time to be a field effect governed by the application of energy to mass - that is to say, by the interaction of different forms of energy, if you wish to keep in mind the equivalence of mass and energy. The movement of any normal sort of mass is bound to produce a field effect that we call positive time. An imaginary mass would produce a negative time field effect. This is not at variance with Einsteins theories, since the “faster” a given mass moves the more energy was applied to it and the greater would be the field effect. The time effects predicted by Einstein and confirmed by experience are, it seem, consonant with this concept.1.The passage supports the inference that （ ）.2.The central idea of the passage can be best described as being which of the following?3.According to the author, it is too soon to （ ）.4.It can be inferred that the author sees Zuckerkandl as believing that mathematics is a (n) （ ）.5.In the first sentence, the author refers to “philosopher” as well as to “scientist” because （ ）.问题1选项A.Einsteins theory of relatively is wrongB.time travel is clearly possibleC.tachyons do not have the same sort of mass as any other particlesD.it is impossible to travel at precisely the speed of light问题2选项A.New observations require the development of new theories and new methods of describing the new theories.B.Einsteinian physics can be much improved on in its treatment of tachyons.C.Zuckerkandls theories of tachyon formation are preferable to Einsteins.D.Anomalies in theoretical physics notation permit intriguing hypotheses and indicate the need for refined notation of the time dimension.问题3选项A.call Beethoven a physicist.B.plan for time travel.C.adopt proposals such as ZuckerkandlsD.attempt to improve current notation.问题4选项A.difficult field of study.B.language.C.necessary evil.D.great hindrance to full understanding.问题5选项A.this is part of a larger work.B.the nature of time is a basic question in philosophy as well as physics.C.physicists get Doctor of Philosophy degrees.D.the study of the methods of any field is a philosophical question.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段， “The barrier to exceeding the speed of light is an apparent need to have an infinite quantity of mass moved at exactly the speed of light. If this situation could be leaped over in a large quantum jump - which seems highly unlikely”，可知超过光速的障碍显然是需要有一个无限大的质量以光速运动。如果这种情况可以通过一个巨大的量子跃迁来跨越这似乎极不可能的。可判断出以光速运动是不可能的。选项D符合题意。2.主旨题。文章第一段提到总是难以让时间符合科学家和哲学家的宇宙观，即使爱因斯坦的公式也不能完全解释其中的关系。如果存在超过光速的物质，它可能会落后于时间。下文继续提到了新的理论提出如何解决其中的问题，并且与爱因斯坦的理论并不矛盾。可判断出本文的中心思想是新的观察需要发展新的理论和描述新理论的新方法。选项A符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第三段， “The idea of going backwards in time is derived from the existence of a time vector that is negative, although just what this might mean to our senses in the unlikely circumstance of our experiencing this state cannot be conjectured.”，可知时间倒流的概念来自于一个负的时间矢量的存在，尽管我们无法推测这对我们的感官意味着什么，当我们经历这种状态的不太可能的情况的时候，可知人们现阶段难以实现时间旅行。可推断出计划时间旅行还为时过早。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第四段， “Therefore, it might be a more useful language in which to express the relationships in physics where time again has a special role to play, and cannot be treated as just another dimension.”， 可知他认为数学可能是一种更有用的语言，用来表达物理中的关系，在物理中，时间再次扮演着特殊的角色，而不能仅仅被视为另一个维度。可推断出Zuckerkandl认为数学是一种语言。选项B符合题意。5.推断题。根据文章第一句， “It has always been difficult for the philosopher or scientist to fit time into his view of the universe.”，可知对哲学家或科学家来说，要把时间融入宇宙观中一直是困难的。可推断出时间的本质是哲学和物理学中的一个基本问题。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题Governments today play an increasingly larger role in the （ ） of welfare, economics, and education.问题1选项A.scopesB.rangesC.ranksD.domains【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。scopes “范围，领域”；ranges “量程，范围”；ranks “级别，排列”；domains “领域，域名”。句意：今天，政府在福利、经济和教育领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题The ascent to the mountain is （ ） but anyone who makes it to the top is rewarded by a spectacular view.问题1选项A.helpfulB.assiduousC.arduousD.unique【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。helpful “有帮助的”；assiduous “刻苦的，勤勉的”；arduous “努力的，费力的”；unique “特别的”。句意：登到山顶是艰苦的，但任何成功登顶的人都会欣赏到壮观的景色。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题Britains press is unusual （ ）it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the quality press and the popular press.问题1选项A.in howB.in whatC.in whichD.in that【答案】D【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知空格后为原因状语从句，表原因。in that相当于because，可引导原因状语从句。句意：英国的报纸不同寻常之处在于，它被分为两种截然不同的报纸:严肃报纸和大众报纸。选项D符合题意。6. 翻译题On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Americas immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administrations effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizonas laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws compiled with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong extensively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didnt want to carry out Congresss immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. （5分）How did the human scamp（放浪者）begin his ascent to civilization? What were the first signs of promise in him, or of his developing intelligence? The answer is undoubtedly to be found in mans playful curiosity, in his first efforts to fumble with his hands and turn everything inside out to examine it, as a monkey in his idle moments turns the eyelid or the earlobe of a fellow monkey, looking for lice or for nothing at alljust turning about for turning about s sake.（4分）Looking back now, I feel as though fate had set out that day to teach me a lesson. And it succeeded. Just a few feet past him, I managed to find the only ice patch on the sidewalk. As I slipped, I tried to position myself so the impact would occur on my hip and thigh, but unfortunately my aim was about as good as my judgment of character, and I managed to land square on my right knee.（3分）India is now being caricatured as a nation of predatory brains set on stealing American jobs-and good jobs, to boot. This strong reaction to the shifting of jobs is spawning pained frustration in India, a country the United States was cheering not so long ago as it began to open a largely socialist, closed economy and enter the global arena.（3分）【答案】周一，最高法院以赞成5票，反对3票的结果淘汰了许多美国移民法，这是奥巴马政府取得的政策上的小胜利。然而，在美国宪法更为重要的事情上，奥巴马政府想打乱联邦政府与州之间的权利平衡的努力以8张反对票落败。塞缪尔阿利托法官反对说“这是对联邦行政权力令人震惊的断言”，这使奥巴马总统获得了8张反对票。白宫认为，亚利桑那州的法律与其执法重点相冲突，即使各州的法律与联邦法律完全一致。实际上，白宫是在宣称，任何它不同意的其他方面合法的州法律，它可以使其失效。联邦政府确实拥有许多延伸的权利，比如对公民权利的限定和边界的限制。但是如果国会想阻止各州运用自己的资源来检查移民状况，它是可以做到的。但它从未这样做。实质上，奥巴马政府是在宣称，因为联邦政府不想执行国会的移民愿望，所以任何州也不被允许这样做。每一位法官都对此不同寻常的宣称表示公正地反对。人类这个放浪者是如何走向文明的呢？他的前景或他发展中的智力的最初标志是什么？答案无疑可以从他玩闹时产生的好奇心中找到，在他第一次努力笨拙地用手将内心的想法付诸实践的过程中。就像一只猴子无聊时翻开它同伴的眼皮或玩弄它的耳垂一样，要么是在寻找虱子，要么是什么都没干，就只是在翻眼皮或玩弄耳垂而已。回头看，我觉得那天命运好像要给我一个教训。它确实做到了。就在离他几英尺远的地方，我踩到了人行道上唯一的一块冰。当我滑倒的时候，我试着调整自己的姿势，想着撞击只会发生在屁股和大腿上，但不幸的是，我的想法和我对这一行为的判断一样好，我的右膝成功地直接着地了。印度现在正被一幅漫画讽刺为一个有掠夺性头脑的国家，它想偷走美国人的工作而且是好工作。这种对工作岗位转换的强烈反应让印度产生了痛苦的挫败感。就在不久前，美国还为这个国家欢呼雀跃，因为它开始开放大部分的社会主义的封闭经济，并进入全球市场。放大部分的社会主义的封闭经济，并进入全球市场。7. 单选题A few years ago a lone American campaigner wrote a book in which he set out the main points of his fascinating crusadeto abolish television. His book Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television is an American cult bestseller, and after eight editions it is still generating concern and savage debate in the USA.Jerry Mander, a former advertising expert is convinced that for the sake of our freedom, and mental and physical health, we should learn to live without TV. Through his advertising background Mander is aware how much of television is concerned with advertising. He sees the planting of values for profit as a deep, profound and disturbing act by the few against the many, for a trivial purpose. And, even without commercials, he sees TV as disturbing because it crams peoples heads with images which alter the way they feel and behave. Pictures formed by 300,000 tiny dancing dots altering 30 times per second, bombard their eyes as people scan the images 10 times a second. The brain registers and stores all 30 images, but the conscious mind registers far fewer. But, argues Mander, even if you reject or doubt what you see consciously, it is too late, the crucial messages have gone home.He further argues that TV is deadening experience as it is restricted to just two sensessight and sound. “Perception is dulled and flattered”, says Mander, “when you cant feel and smell and totally experience an event.” People are just sitting passively for up to four hours a night watching a flickering screen and listening to artificial sound. No culture in history has spent such an enormous amount of time looking at artificial light, says Mander, and another worrying fact is that prolonged exposure to artificial light alters human cells, which is why it is being used for certain medical treatment. Researchers do not know if life-long TV exposure is a physical risk or not, but as Mander would argue, why run the risk? It is important that people get up now and switch off before the harm is done, they might also become brainwashed, or who know, they might even be approaching death.1.Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television is a book which （ ）.2.Jerry Mander objects to TV advertising mainly because （ ）.3.Mander thinks peoples feelings and behaviour are changing because （ ）.4.By watching TV for several hours every night, Mander implies that （ ）.5.Mander suggests that viewing TV over long periods of time （ ）.问题1选项A.caused distress to many AmericansB.achieved great success overseasC.aroused nation-wide interestD.expressed the views of a fascinating man问题2选项A.the underlying principles concern money-makingB.it is ineffectual in getting its message acrossC.a few people are deeply disturbed by itD.the values it conveys are accepted by all问题3选项A.the brain is damaged by too much sitting before the televisionB.the conscious mind is incapable of filtering images to the brainC.their eyes scan a TV screen 10 times a secondD.the conscious mind is unable to reject the image it sees问题4选项A.people would lose the use of their other sensesB.peoples experience of life would become deadenedC.peoples ability to respond to events would lessenD.people would come to depend on only two senses问题5选项A.could lead to deathB.might cause brain damageC.could endanger peoples healthD.would make cells malignant【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“His book Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television is an American cult bestseller, and after eight editions it is still generating concern and savage debate in the USA.”，可知消除电视的四个理由是美国的狂热畅销书，经过八个版本之后，仍在美国引起关注和激烈的辩论。可判断出这本书引起了全国的兴趣。选项C符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第二段，“He sees the planting of values for profit as a deep, profound and disturbing act by the few against the many, for a trivial purpose.”，可知他认为，广告是为了利益而植入价值观，是少数人为了一个不重要的目的对多数人采取的一种深刻而烦扰的行为。可判断出Jerry Mander反对电视广告主要是因为其基本原则与利益相关。选项A符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第二段，“argues Mander, even if you reject or doubt what you see consciously, it is too late, the crucial messages have gone home.”，可知曼德认为，即使你有意识地拒绝或怀疑你所看到的一切，也为时已晚，关键的信息已经传达到家了。可判断出曼德认为人们的情感和行为正在发生变化的原因在于有意识的大脑无法过滤传递到大脑的信息，人们已经潜意识里受到了影响。选项B符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章第三段，“People are just sitting passively for up to four hours a night watching a flickering screen and listening to artificial sound.”，可知人们只是被动地坐着，每晚看四个小时闪烁的屏幕，听虚拟的声音。可推断出曼德认为，每晚看几个小时的电视会使人们变得被动，反应能力会减弱。选项C符合题意。5.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“says Mander, and another worrying fact is that prolonged exposure to artificial light alters human cells,”，可知曼德认为，另一个令人担忧的事实是，长时间暴露在人造光下会改变人类细胞。可判断出长时间看电视对人体健康有害。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题Excellent films are those which （ ）_ national and cultural barriers.问题1选项A.transcendB.traverseC.abolishD.suppress【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。transcend “胜过，超越”； traverse “穿过，来回移动，反驳”；abolish “废除，废止”；suppress “抑制，镇压”。句意：优秀的电影是那些超越国家和文化障碍的电影。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题A healthy and better-educated new generation is a （ ）for sustainable economic and social development of all countries.问题1选项A.guaranteeB.securityC.demandD.prospective【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。Guarantee “保证”；security “安全”；demand “需要”；prospective “预期，展望”。句意：健康、受良好教育的新一代是各国经济社会可持续发展的保障。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题However important we may regard school life to be, there is no gainsaying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and thwart curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents apprised of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing, and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The many interviews carried on during the year as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip, and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics and at the same time, enjoying the work.Too often, however, teachers conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of childrens misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestions for penalties and rewards at home.What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours that are child spends out of the classroom.In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters capacities.1.The central idea conveyed in the above passage is that （ ）.2.The author directly discusses the fact that （ ）.3.A method of parent-teacher communication Not mentioned or referred to by the author is （ ）.4.It is most reasonable to infer that the author is a(n) （ ）.5.The author would most approve of which of the following parental activities to assist in the learning of composition and writing skills?问题1选项A.home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parents.B.teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the school.C.parents unwittingly have hindered and thwarted curricular objectives.D.parents have a responsibility to help students to do their homework.问题2选项A.parents drill their children too much in arithmetic.B.there is not sufficient individual instruction in the classroom.C.principals have explained the new art programs to parents.D.a parents misguided efforts can be redirected to proper channels.问题3选项A.demonstration lessonB.informal teasC.classes for parentsD.new progress report forms问题4选项A.professor of educationB.college teacherC.elementary-school teacherD.parent问题5选项A.one hour of supervised writing exercises nightly.B.encouraging the child to write letters to relatives.C.reviewing all the childs written school-work.D.giving the child money for good grades on written work.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A