2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷(附带答案与详解)第42期

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2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷(附带答案与详解)1. 单选题A persons optimism level changes over the years, depending on whats happening in their life, the type of people they socialize and how determined they are to motivate themselves.问题1选项A.over the yearsB.depending onC.socializeD.how determined【答案】C【解析】考查语法。Socialize在句子中是动词原形,表示“交际”;而该句子结构完整,所以socialize不能用动词原形的形式,根据它的逻辑主语they可知,它们之间是主动关系,因此这里要把socialize改为socializing做定语修饰the type of people。句意:一个人的乐观水平会随着时间的推移而改变,这取决于他们生活中发生的事情、他们所交往的人的类型以及他们激励自己的决心。因此,该题选择C项。2. 单选题Hard training will _ you richly when it comes to the actual competition.问题1选项A.payB.bringC.serveD.make【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项pay“支付,补偿,偿还”,B项bring“带来,提供,引起”,C项serve“招待,供应,为服务”,D项make“使得,进行,布置,准备”。由Hard training will _ you richly“艰苦的训练将丰厚地你”可知,“补偿”符合语境。句意:在真正的比赛中,艰苦的训练会给你带来丰厚的回报。因此,该题选择A项正确。3. 单选题Jane was in a _ as to whether to marry Paul, who was poor but handsome, or Charles, who was rich but ugly.问题1选项A.paradoxB.stigmaC.dilemmaD.predication【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A项paradox“悖论,反论,似是而非的论点”,B项stigma“柱头,耻辱,污名”,C项dilemma“困境,进退两难,两刀论法”,D项predication“断定,声明”。由poor but handsome“贫穷但英俊”和rich but ugly“富有但丑陋”可知,in a _表示“进退两难”。句意:简进退两难,不知是嫁给贫穷但英俊的保罗,还是嫁给富有但丑陋的查尔斯。因此,该题选择C项正确。4. 单选题Joyce is loved by all her friends because she is very congenial.问题1选项A.pleasantB.wealthyC.courageousD.sensitive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。congenial表示“意气相投的,性格相似的,适意的”;A项pleasant“令人愉快的,舒适的,讨人喜欢的”,B项wealthy“富有的,充分的”,C项courageous“有胆量的,勇敢的”,D项sensitive“敏感的,感觉的”。句意:乔伊斯因为性格很相投,所以她的朋友都很喜欢她。根据句意可知,四个选项中只有A项的意思符合句子。因此,该题选择A项正确。5. 单选题In the 7th century BC, a lawgiver named Draco drew up a very harsh code that punished offenses, no matter how trivial, with death.问题1选项A.roughB.minorC.illegalD.hidden【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。trivial表示“不重要的,琐碎的,琐细的”;A项rough“粗糙的,粗略的,粗野的”,B项minor“轻微的,次要的,较小的”,C项illegal“非法的,违法的,违反规则的”,D项hidden“隐藏的”。句意:公元前7世纪,一位名叫德拉古的立法者起草了一项非常严厉的法典,以死刑惩罚无论多么微不足道的犯罪行为。根据句意可知trivial在句中表示“微不足道的”,四个选项中意思与之相近的是B项。因此,该题选择B项正确。6. 单选题Money wages, interest rates and tax payments have all been adjusted to _ the 10 percent rise in the average level of prices.问题1选项A.mingle withB.pick upC.tuck inD.allow for【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A项mingle with“和混合”,B项pick up“捡起,获得,收拾”,C项tuck in“紧缩,塞入,尽情地吃”,D项allow for“考虑到,虑及”。由Money wages, interest rates and tax payments have all been adjusted“货币工资、利率和税收都进行了调整”和the 10 percent rise in the average level of prices“平均价格水平10%的增长”可知,“获得”符合语境。句意:货币工资、利率和税收都进行了调整,以加快平均价格水平10%的增长。因此,该题选择B项正确。7. 单选题_ Steve said: “I will be coming back and if conditions do not worsen so unexpectedly I hope to meet you again.”问题1选项A.CrypticallyB.DeservedlyC.ExceedinglyD.Excessively【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A项cryptically“隐秘地,意义含糊地”,B项deservedly“理所当然地,应得报酬地”,C项exceedingly“非常,极其,极度地”,D项excessively“过分地,极度”。由双引号内的句意“我会回来的,如果情况不会如此出乎意料地恶化,我希望能再次见到你”可知,四个选项中把A项代入进去最符合句子的语境。句意:史蒂夫含糊其词地说:“我会回来的,如果情况不会如此出乎意料地恶化,我希望能再次见到你。”因此,该题选择A项正确。8. 单选题Janes attic room has a poor _ system and in summer it becomes unbearably stuffy.问题1选项A.ventilationB.manipulationC.mitigationD.allocation【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A项ventilation“通风设备,空气流通”,B项manipulation“操纵,操作,处理”,C项mitigation“减轻,缓和,平静”,D项allocation“分配,配置,安置”。由unbearably stuffy“闷热的难以忍受”可知,“空气流通”符合语境。句意:简家阁楼的通风系统很差,一到夏天就变得闷热得令人难以忍受。因此,该题选择A项正确。9. 单选题Hearsay evidence consists of statements made out of court by someone who is not present to testify under oath at a trial.问题1选项A.mistrustB.disputeC.scrutinyD.pledge【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。oath表示“誓言,誓约,诅咒”;A项mistrust“不信任,怀疑”,B项dispute“辩论,争吵,意见不同”,C项scrutiny“详细审查,监视,细看”,D项pledge“保证,誓言,抵押”。句意:非直接证据指的是某人在法庭上宣誓作证时所作的证词。因此,根据句意可知D选项正确。10. 单选题Tom and Rachel Leihbacheis friends have always been instrumental in their lives.问题1选项A.approachableB.thoughtfulC.functionalD.helpful【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。instrumental表示“乐器的,有帮助的,仪器的”;A项approachable“亲切友善的,易理解的,可接近的”,B项thoughtful“深思的,体贴的,关切的”,C项functional“功能的”,D项helpful“有帮助的,有益的”。句意:汤姆和雷切尔雷巴赫的朋友在他们的生活中一直很有帮助。根据句意可知,instrumental在句中表示“有帮助的”,D项的意思符合句子。因此,该题选择D项正确。11. 单选题The prominent British surgeon Joseph Lister pioneered the use of carbolic acid to _ surgical instruments, sutures and wound dressing, thereby preventing infection of wounds.问题1选项A.obviateB.desolateC.mandateD.sterilize【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项obviate“排除,避免,消除”,B项desolate“使荒凉,使孤寂”,C项mandate“授权,托管”,D项sterilize“消毒,杀菌,使成不毛”。根据thereby preventing infection of wounds“从而防止伤口感染”可知,sterilize符合语境。句意:著名的英国外科医生Joseph Lister率先使用石炭酸消毒手术器械、缝合线和伤口敷料,从而防止伤口感染。因此,该题选择D项正确。12. 单选题She said goodnight a second time and ran downstairs again to _ all her preparations for the morrow.问题1选项A.turn onB.account forC.wrestle withD.let down【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A项turn on“打开,发动,取决于”,B项account for“对负有责任,对做出解释”,C项wrestle with“全力对付,努力克服”,D项let down“使失望,放下,辜负”。由句子句意“她第二次道了晚安,然后又跑下楼去_为明天所做的一切准备”可知,四个选项中只有wrestle with符合语境。句意:她又道了一声晚安,然后又跑下楼去为明天做准备。因此,该题选择C项正确。13. 单选题The result means that the _ world champion has extended his lead in this seasons championship.问题1选项A.trampingB.loiteringC.reigningD.strolling【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。A项tramping为动词tramp的现在分词,表示“踩,步行”,B项loitering为动词loiter的现在分词,表示“闲荡,虚度,盘旋”,C项reigning为形容词,表示“统治的,在位的,本届的”,D项strolling为形容词,表示“巡回演出的,消闲散步的”。空格处缺少一个定语修饰world champion“世界冠军”,由此可知,四个选项中只有C项符合语境。句意:这一结果意味着这位卫冕世界冠军在本赛季的锦标赛中扩大了领先优势。因此,该题选择C项正确。14. 单选题To you these problems might not be very serious, but for young people they can _ large.问题1选项A.reelB.revealC.alterD.loom【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。A项reel“震惊,(因突然受挫)晕眩,(尤指醉酒)走路踉跄”,B项reveal“显示,透露,揭露”,C项alter“改变,更改”,D项loom“可怕地出现,显得突出,(不祥之事)似将发生”。由but可知,前后语义为转折关系,根据前一句To you these problems might not be very serious“对你来说,这些问题可能不是很严重”可推,空格处应该填入一个和not serious相对的词语,而loom large固定搭配,表示“显得突出”。句意:对你来说,这些问题可能不是很严重,但对年轻人来说,它们可能显得很突出。因此,该题选择D项正确。15. 单选题The childs parents were _ into accepting the demand of the kidnappers.问题1选项A.pleadedB.intoxicatedC.intimidatedD.besieged【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项plead“借口,为辩护,托称”,B项intoxicate“(酒或毒品)(使)麻醉,(使)中毒”,C项intimidate“恐吓,威胁,胁迫”,D项besiege“围困,包围,烦扰”。由kidnappers“绑匪”可知,空格处填入“恐吓”符合语境。句意:孩子的父母受到恐吓而接受了绑架者的要求。因此,该题选择C项正确。16. 单选题Research shows that many voters who havent yet made up their minds are _ towards the Democrats.问题1选项A.tiltingB.skiddingC.transferringD.sliding【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项tilt“倾斜,翘起,俯仰(摄影机)”,B项skid“刹住,使减速,滚滑”,C项transfer“转让,转接,移交”,D项slide“滑动,平稳地走,悄悄移动”。根据句子意思“研究表明,许多尚未做出决定的选民都向民主党”可知,tilt符合语境,tilt towards表示“偏向,向倾斜”。句意:研究表明,许多尚未下定决心的选民正倾向于民主党。因此,该题选择A项正确。17. 单选题The architect must respond to the cultural concerns of society _ and pay attention to the functional and aesthetic aspect of the buildings.问题1选项A.at largeB.at heartC.at mostD.at best【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A项at large“详尽的,未被捕的,整体的,普遍的”,B项at heart“本质上,内心里”,C项at most“至多”,D项at best“最多”。根据The architect must respond to the cultural concerns of society _“建筑师必须回应社会关注的文化问题”可知,“普遍的”符合语境。句意:建筑师必须回应社会普遍关注的文化问题,并关注建筑的功能和美学方面。因此,该题选择A项正确。18. 翻译题如果想给别人留下良好的形象,你首先得树立良好的自我形象。一个具有失败者形象的人永远无法在别人面前树立成功者的形象。从古至今,一些伟大的哲人都说过:你自认为是什么样的人就是什么样的人。既然我们都可以选择如何想象自己,我们就应该尽力往积极、良好的方面去想。【答案】If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “You are what you think you are.” Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts.19. 单选题_ inflation, driven by rising food and oil costs, is striking hardest at the worlds poorest, who are forced to spend 60 to 80 percent of their income on food.问题1选项A.SproutingB.SurgingC.SpillingD.Spinning【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项sprout“发芽,长芽”,B项surge“汹涌,起大浪,蜂拥而来”,C项spill“(使)溢出,流出,(东西)倒出”,D项spin“旋转,纺纱,吐丝”。空格处填入的是一个现在分词做inflation“通货膨胀”的定语,根据后面的is striking hardest at the worlds poorest“对世界上最贫穷的人打击最大”可知,surging符合语境,表示“(物价等)激增的”。句意:食品和石油价格上涨导致的通货膨胀对世界上最贫穷的人打击最大,他们被迫将收入的60%到80%花在食品上。因此,该题选择B项正确。20. 翻译题由于我们对环境问题的理解不断发展,因而环境的语言也不断地发展。环境教育已经在向环境与发展教育、可持续发展教育和负责任的地球公民教育转变。这三种说法目前互相替换使用。这种转变反映了现阶段有的并继续存在的引用联系地区和全球的联系,过去、现在和将来的联系,社会、文化、经济和政治的联系。【答案】Due to the continuous development of our understanding to the environment problem, thus the environment language also continues to improve. Environment education has changed towards environment and development education, sustainable development education and the education for responsible global citizens. For now, the three arguments could be often used in place of one another. These changes have reflected the reference relationship at the present which will be continuingthe relationship between region and world, the relationship among past, now and the future as well as the relationship among society, culture and politics.
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