2022年考博英语-山西大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第64期

2022年考博英语-山西大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题At short notice rescue troops were sent to help the vehicles（ ）the deep snow.问题1选项A.soaked withB.stuck inC.intended forD.connected to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项soaked with“用浸泡，使浸透”；B选项stuck in“陷入，插入”；C选项intended for“用来”；D选项connected to“连接”。句意：刚接到通知，救援部队就立马被派去帮助这些深深（ ）在雪里的车辆。根据语境，车辆stuck in“陷入”雪中比较合理。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Some years ago, Houston airport faced a troubling issue. Passengers were（1）about the long waits at baggage claim (行李提取处).（2）, the executives increased the number of baggage handlers. The plan（3）: the average wait fell to eight minutes, well within industry standard.（4）the complaints persisted.（5）, the airport executives undertook a more careful analysis. They found that it（6）passengers a minute to walk from their arrival gates to baggage claim and seven more minutes to get their bags. （7）, roughly 88 percent of their time was spent standing around waiting for their bags.So they decided on a new approach:（8）reducing wait time, they moved the arrival gates farther away from the main terminal. Passengers now had to walk six times longer. Complaints dropped to near（9）.This story shows that the experience of waiting is defined only partly by the objective（10）of the wait. Occupied time (walking to baggage claim) feels（11）than unoccupied time (（12）at baggage claim). Research on queuing has shown that, people on average,（13）how long theyve waited in a line.This is also（14）one finds mirrors next to elevators. The（15）was born during the post-World War II boom, when the spread of high-rises（16）complaints about elevator delays. The reason behind the mirrors was（17）to the one used at the Houston airport: give people something to occupy their time.（18）overnight, the complaints ceased.Well never（19）lines altogether, but a better understanding of the psychology of waiting can help make those（20）delays more bearable. And when all else fails, bring a book.问题1选项A.warningB.thinkingC.askingD.complaining问题2选项A.In responseB.In factC.In theoryD.In turn问题3选项A.failedB.workedC.stoppedD.continued问题4选项A.SoB.ButC.OrD.And问题5选项A.PuzzledB.ScaredC.DelightedD.Relieved问题6选项A.spentB.neededC.costD.took问题7选项A.In generalB.In additionC.In any caseD.In other words问题8选项A.in spite ofB.instead ofC.by means ofD.because of问题9选项A.nothingB.zeroC.noneD.no问题10选项A.complaintB.reachC.feelingD.length问题11选项A.shorterB.betterC.longerD.harder问题12选项A.lookingB.standingC.servingD.pointing问题13选项A.dislikeB.disagreeC.overestimateD.misunderstand问题14选项A.howB.whatC.whyD.when问题15选项A.reasonB.problemC.standardD.idea问题16选项A.called forB.pointed outC.led toD.began with问题17选项A.accustomedB.specificC.helpfulD.similar问题18选项A.RatherB.QuiteC.EntirelyD.Almost问题19选项A.crossB.eliminateC.drawD.create问题20选项A.inadequateB.impatientC.impossibleD.inevitable【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A第6题:D第7题:D第8题:B第9题:B第10题:D第11题:A第12题:B第13题:C第14题:C第15题:B第16题:C第17题:D第18题:D第19题:B第20题:D【解析】1.考查动词辨析。联系下文可知客户在抱怨排队时间长。A选项warning“警告”； B选项thinking“思考”；C选项asking“请求”，因此D选项正确。2.考查语境理解。由空格前，联系第一题“Passengers were complaining about the long waits at baggage claim（乘客们在抱怨行李提取处等待时间太长）”，空格后“the executives increased the number of baggage handlers.（行政人员增加了行李搬运工的人数。）”可知，空格后是对空格前做的回应。B选项In fact“事实上，实际上”；C选项In theory“理论上”；D选项In turn“轮流，依次”，都不符合上下文语境，因此A选项正确。3.考查语境理解。根据下文“the average wait fell to eight minutes, well within industry standard.（平均等待时间降至8分钟，完全符合行业标准。）”可知这项计划奏效了，等待时间下降了。因此B选项正确。4.考查逻辑关系。根据上文“the average wait fell to eight minutes, well within industry standard. （平均等待时间降至8分钟，完全符合行业标准。）”和下文“the complaints persisted.（人们的抱怨仍在继续）”可知空格处填的词应该表示转折。A选项So表原因；B选项But表转折；C选项Or表并列；D选项And表并列，因此B选项正确。5.考查动词辨析。“（ ）, the airport executives undertook a more careful analysis.”意为“因为机场管理人员进行了更仔细的分析”。A选项Puzzled“困惑”；B选项Scared“害怕”；C选项Delighted“高兴，愉快”；D选项Relieved“解除”。因此A选项正确。6.考查固定搭配。It take sb some time to do sth意为花费时间做某事，没有It spend sb some time to do sth这个说法，spend的用法是sb spend some time (in) doing sth，它的主语必须是人；cost的用法是sth cost sb +金钱；need的主语一般是人，不用it作形式主语。因此D选项正确。7.考查短语辨析。根据上文“They found that it took passengers a minute to walk from their arrival gates to baggage claim and seven more minutes to get their bags.（乘客从到达登机口走到行李认领处需要1分钟，取行李又需要7分钟。）” 和下文“roughly 88 percent of their time was spent standing around waiting for their bags.（他们大约88%的时间是在站着等行李。）”可知上下文表示的意思是一样的，所以空格处应填一个表并列关系的短语。因此空格处应填“in other words”，因此D选项正确。8.考查短语辨析。A选项in spite of“不管，不顾”；B选项instead of“代替，而不是”；C选项by means of“依靠，借助于”；D选项because of“因为，由于”，句意：他们没有缩短等待时间，而是把到达门移到离主航站楼更远的地方。因此B选项正确。9.考查语境理解。句意：参考第48题，他们没有缩短等待时间，而是把到达门移到离主航站楼更远的地方。现在乘客们得多走六倍的路。投诉几乎为（ ）。从句意我们可以看出空格处应该为一个数值，选项中只有B选项符合，因此B选项正确。10.考查名词辨析。句意：这个故事表明，等待的体验只在一定程度上取决于客观等待的（ ）。A选项complaint “抱怨”不符合句意；B选项reach “范围”不符合句意； C选项feeling “感觉”与句中的体验相冲突；D选项length “时长”符合句意，因此D选项正确。11.考查逻辑关系。该句意为：被占用的时间（走到行李认领处）感觉比没被占用的时间（站在行李认领处）（ ）。根据上文中提到的，机场管理人员把到达门移到离主航站楼更远的地方，乘客们在等待的过程中感觉有事情可做，就会觉得走路的时间比等待的时间短，因此A选项正确。12.考查动词辨析。该空格处应填与前面括号内（walking to baggage claim）相对应的单词。A选项looking “看”；B选项standing “站”；C选项serving“招待、服务”；D选项pointing“指向，表明”，其中只有B选项与前面括号内的内容适配度更高，因此B选项正确。13.考查动词辨析。句意：关于排队的研究表明，人们平均会（ ）自己排队等候的时间。A选项dislike “不喜欢，厌恶”；B选项disagree“不同意，反对”；C选项overestimate “高估”；D选项misunderstand “误解，误会”。联系上下文可知人们总是以为自己的排队时长很长，其实不然，所以人们经常高估自己排队等候的时间，因此C选项正确。14.考查语境理解。句意：这也是（ ）电梯旁边有镜子。根据下文可知，正是因为镜子让人们在等待的时候有事可做，所以会让人们感觉等待时间缩短了，所以空格处应填有因果关系的词，因此C选项正确。15.考查语境理解。该句子句意为：这个（ ）出现在二战后的经济繁荣时期，当时高楼林立，导致了人们对电梯延误的抱怨。由此可知，人们对电梯的延误感到抱怨更偏向于是一种社会问题。A选项reason “原因”；B选项problem “问题”；C选项standard “标准”；D选项idea “方法”，因此B选项正确。16.考查短语辨析。A选项call for “要求，需要，倡导”；B选项point out “指出，指明”；C选项lead to “导致”；D选项begin with “以开始，开始于”。参考55题，句意为：这个问题产生于二战后的经济繁荣时期，当时高楼林立，（ ）了人们对电梯延误的抱怨。根据句意可知空格处应填导致了人们的抱怨，所以C选项正确。17.考查固定搭配。A选项be accustomed to的意思：习惯于；习以为常；B选项be specific to “针对而言，仅限于”；C选项be helpful to do sth. 对做有帮助，后面一般接to do不定式；D选项be similar to “与相似，和相似”，to后面可以接人，也可以接物。句意：镜子后面的原因和休斯顿机场使用的（ ）：让人们有事可做。一夜之间，投诉停止了。联系上下文可知镜子和机场都是为了让人们在等待的时候有事情可做，他们的目的是一样的，因此D选项正确。18.考查副词辨析。句意：（ ）一夜之间，投诉停止了。A选项rather “宁可，宁愿，相当”；B选项quite “很，相当，完全”；C选项entirely “完全的”；D选项almost“差不多，几乎”。联系题干可知D选项正确。19.考查动词辨析。A选项cross “穿过，横过”，cross后面一般不用lines，而是cross the line，cross the line逐字解释是越过某条界线，一般是指触犯了某项禁忌或者规则，做了过分的事情。B选项eliminate “消除，排除”；C选项draw“画，拉，吸引”；D选项create“创造，创立”。句意：我们永远不会完全（ ）排队。根据句意可知B选项正确。20.考查形容词辨析。A选项inadequate “不充分的，不适当的”；B选项impatient “焦躁的，不耐烦的”；C选项impossible “不可能的”；D选项inevitable“不可避免的”。句意：但更好地理解等待的心理可以帮助让那些（ ）延误变得更容易忍受。联系句意，D选项正确。3. 单选题With a wide variety of fresh fruit（ ）available, canned fruit is no longer so popular as before.问题1选项A.personallyB.readilyC.rarelyD.properly【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项personally“亲自地；当面；个别”；B选项readily“容易地；乐意地”；C选项rarely“很少地”；D选项properly“恰当地”。句意：随着各种各样的新鲜水果可（ ）获得，罐头水果不再像以前那样受欢迎。根据语境，因为新鲜水果容易购买，于是水果罐头不那么受欢迎了，readily“容易地”符合题意。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题Many countries have made it illegal to talk into a hand-held mobile phone while driving. But the latest research provides further confirmation that the danger lies less in what a motorists hands do when he takes a call than in what the conversation does to his brain. Even using a “hands-free” device can impair a drivers attention to an alarming extent.Melina Kunar of the University of Warwick and Todd Horowitz of the Harvard Medical School ran a series of experiments in which two groups of volunteers had to pay attention and respond to a series of moving tasks on a computer screen that were reckoned equivalent in difficulty to driving. One group was left undistracted while the other had to engage in a conversation about their hobbies using a speakerphone. As Dr. Kunar and Dr. Horowitz report in Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, those who were making the equivalent of a hands-free call had an average reaction time 212 milliseconds slower than those who were not. That, they calculate, would add 5.7 meters to the braking distance of a car traveling at 100kph. They found that the group using the hands-free kit made 83 percent more errors in their tasks than those who were not talking.Dr. Kunar and Dr. Horowitz also explored the effect of simply listening to somethingsuch as a radio programme. For this they played a recording of the first chapter of Bram Stokers “Dracula.” Even though the test subjects were told to pay attention because they would be asked questions about the story afterwards, it had little effect on their reaction time. The research led by Frank Drews of the University of Utah suggests the same thing is true of the idle chatter of a passenger. Dr. Kunar reckons that having to think about responses during a phone conversation competes for the brains resources in a way that listening to a monologue does not.Punishing people for using hand-held gadgets while driving is difficult enough, even though they can be seen from outside the car. Stopping people making hands-free calls would probably be impossibleespecially because more and more vehicles are now being fitted with the necessary equipment as standard. Persuading people to switch their phones off altogether when they get behind the wheel might be the only answer. Who knows, they might even come to enjoy not having to take calls. And theyll be more likely to arrive in one piece.1.In Kunar and Horowitzs experiments, the subjects who performed tasks while talking（ ）.2.According to Frank Drews, listening to a passenger talking（ ）.3.According to the last paragraph, the law forbidding the use of hand-held phones when driving （ ）.4.The best hope of stopping people from using hands-free phones lies with（ ）.5.The purpose of the passage is to（ ）.问题1选项A.reacted more quickly, but made more mistakesB.reacted more quickly and made fewer mistakesC.reacted more slowly and made more mistakesD.reacted more slowly, but made fewer mistakes问题2选项A.affects drivers more than listening to a storyB.affects drivers more than a phone conversationC.has less effect on the drivers than listening to a storyD.has less effect on the drivers than a phone conversation问题3选项A.has been frequently brokenB.is necessary and feasibleC.has been strictly enforcedD.will arouse heated debate问题4选项A.car manufacturersB.lawmakersC.new technologyD.drivers themselves问题5选项A.call on lawmakers to make strict laws on the use of cell phonesB.inform people of the danger of using cell phones while drivingC.weigh the benefits and harms of using cell phones when drivingD.offer suggestions for drivers who use cell phones while driving【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第二段第三句those who were making the equivalent of a hands-free call had an average reaction time 212 milliseconds slower than those who were not（做了相当于接听免提电话的人跟没有做这个任务的人相比，平均反应时间慢了212毫秒）和第五句group using the hands-free kit made 83 percent more errors in their tasks than those who were not talking（使用免提工具的那一组在任务中比那些没有说话的那一组多出83%的错），可知受干扰的那一组反应更慢，错误更多，故C反应更慢，错误更多正确。其他选项不符合题意。因此C选项正确。2.语义推测题。根据第三段第三句they would be asked questions about the story afterwards, it had little effect on their reaction time（他们之后会被问到关于这个故事的问题，但这对他们的反应时间几乎没有影响）和第四句The research led by Frank Drews of the University of Utah suggests the same thing is true of the idle chatter of a passenger.（这项由犹他大学的弗兰克德鲁斯领导的研究表明，乘客的闲聊也是如此。），可知听故事和听顾客讲话一样对司机几乎没有影响，A选项“比听故事更影响司机”和C选项“对司机的影响小于听故事”错误。根据第一题，可知电话交谈让司机反应变慢，犯错更多，因此B选项“比电话交谈更影响司机”错误，D选项“对司机影响小于电话交谈”正确。因此D选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第四段第一句Punishing people for using hand-held gadgets while driving is difficult（惩罚开车时手握小工具的行为很难），可知不能严格禁止，C选项“被严格执行”错误。根据第二句Stopping people making hands-free calls would probably be impossible（不可能阻止人们使用免提电话），可知禁止开车时使用不可行，B选项“必要且可行”错误。根据第三句Persuading people to switch their phones off altogether when they get behind the wheel might be the only answer.（劝诫人们在开车时关机也许是唯一的解决之道。），结合全文内容，可知很多人在开车时打电话，法律限制不了，只能劝诫，故A选项“经常被打破”正确。D选项“将引起激烈辩论”没有提到。因此A选项正确。4.语义推测题。根据第四段第三句Persuading people to switch their phones off altogether when they get behind the wheel might be the only answer.（劝诫人们在开车时关机也许是唯一的解决之道。），可知最大希望是D选项“司机自己”，故D选项正确。A选项“汽车制造商”：根据第二句Stopping people making hands-free calls would probably be impossibleespecially because more and more vehicles are now being fitted with the necessary equipment as standard（不可能阻止人们使用免提电话尤其是现在越来越多的车辆都配备了必要的标准设备。），可知汽车制造商甚至加剧了问题。B选项“立法者”：法律不能发挥作用。C选项“新技术”：文章没有提到。因此D选项正确。5.主旨大意题。文章通过各种实验说明不同活动对开车的影响，点出使用手机打电话影响最大，最后一段说唯一能够规避这种情况的就是司机自己，可知本文目的是D选项“为开车时使用手机的司机提供建议”，故D选项正确。A选项“呼吁立法者对手机的使用制定严格的法律”不符合文章观点。B选项“告诉人们开车时使用手机的危险”没有特别提出；C选项“权衡开车时使用手机的好处和坏处”没有讲到好处。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyones experience in the organization.Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of AT&T, Coca Cola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what hes seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long-term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%, image, 30%; and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it wont secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are.Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales (障眼物) have dropped from their eyes. “Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs,” says Kaleel Jamison, a New York based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. “They think that if you work hard, youll get aheadthat someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion.” She adds, “Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think theyve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down (使不突出) their visibility.” Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.1.According to the passage, “things formerly judged to be best left unsaid” (Line 2, Para.1) probably refers to “（ ）”.2.To achieve success in your career, the most important factor, according to the passage, is to（ ）.3.The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they（ ）.4.The author is of the opinion that Colemans beliefs are（ ）.5.The best title for this passage would be（ ）.问题1选项A.criticisms that shape everyones experienceB.the opinions which contradict the established beliefsC.the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eyeD.the ideas which usually come up with usually come up with new ways of management in the organization问题2选项A.let your superiors know how good you areB.project a favorable image to the people around youC.work as a consultant to your superiorsD.perform well your tasks given by your superiors问题3选项A.know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotionB.want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefsC.dont want people to think that their promotions were due to sex or colorD.believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color问题4选项A.biasedB.popularC.insightfulD.superficial问题5选项A.Role of Women and Minorities in ManagementB.The Importance of Being VisibleC.Job Performance and AdvancementD.Sex and Career Success【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第一段The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyones experience in the organization. （进入管理层的女性和少数族裔越多，她们似乎就越想谈论以前认为最好不要说的事情。新人往往用新奇的眼光来看待公司的事务，在这过程中，时而会伴随一些压力批判的分析，这些压力塑造了每个员工的阅历。）。A选项“形成每个人阅历的批判”：形成每个人阅历的批判更针对新人来说。C选项“帮助新人以新眼光看待办公室事务的倾向”：帮助新人在文中没有提到。D选项“这些想法通常会产生新的组织管理方式”：因为这些想法会带来新的管理方式文中也没有提到。B选项“与既定信念相矛盾的观点”：以前认为最好不说的肯定是不被群体所接受的观念，符合生活实际，分析加排除法确定答案。因此B选项正确。2.语义推测题。根据第二段第四句the different elements that make for long-term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%, image, 30%; and exposure, a full 60%（对促成长期职业成功的不同因素进行了如下权衡：业绩仅占10%，形象占30%；而曝光率高达60%），以及第六句advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are（晋升往往取决于有多少人了解你和你的工作，以及他们的职位高低），可知在事业成功上，在比自己职位高的人面前的曝光率最重要，故A选项“让你上司知道你有多优秀”正确，业绩和形象不是最重要的，故B选项“在周围的人面前树立良好形象”和D选项“出色完成上级交代的任务”错误。C选项“做上级的顾问”：根据第三段第三句，Kaleel Jamison是一名管理顾问，但不意味着要通过做上级的顾问来取得事业成功。因此A选项正确。3.细节推断题。根据第三段第五句Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think theyve gotten ahead because of their sex or color（大多数女性和黑人非常害怕人们会认为他们升职是因为他们的性别或肤色），可知C选项“不希望人们认为他们晋升是因为性别或肤色”正确，D选项“相信他们可以因性别或肤色而晋升”错误。A选项“知道会有上级向下视察，给他们升职”和B选项“想给人一种他们在错误信念下工作的印象”文章没有提到。因此C选项正确。4.语义推测题。根据第二段第二句Coleman is black （科尔曼是黑人）和第三段第二句Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales have dropped from their eyes（不是很多人，特别是很多女性和少数种族，如科尔曼，觉得障碍已经从他们的眼中消除），作者认为不是很多人能够发现这一点，特别是少数种族，也就是黑人，而作为一位黑人，科尔曼能够发现，可见作者非常欣赏科尔曼，认为他很有洞察力，故C选项“有洞察力的”正确。A选项“有偏见的”，B选项“受欢迎的”和D选项“肤浅的”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。5.主旨大意题。根据第三段最后一句Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.（她对这些人的建议是：学习白人男性传统上寻求进入聚光灯下的方式。），结合文章对于被看见的重要性的数据和例子，可知文章主旨在讨论被上级看见在工作中的重要性，故B选项“被看见的重要性”正确。A选项“女性和少数族裔在管理中的作用”：没有提到女性和少数族裔在管理中如何发挥作用。C选项“工作表现与晋升”：工作表现与晋升的关系只是文章内容之一。D选项“性别与事业成功”：性别与事业只有提到一点。因此B选项正确。6. 单选题A new website from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) shows that 10% of the country is now a “food desert”. The Food Desert Locator is an online map highlighting thousands of areas where, the USDA says, low-income families have little or no access to healthy fresh food. First identified in Scotland in the 1990s, food deserts have come to symbolize urban decay. They suggest images of endless fast-food restaurants and convenience stores serving fatty, sugary junk food to overweight customers who have never tasted organic vegetables.Accordingly, Michelle Obama announced a $400m Healthy Food Financing Initiative last year with the aim of eliminating food deserts nationwide by 2017. Official figures for the number of people living in food deserts already show a decline, from 23.5m in 2009 to 13.5m at the launch of the website. Although this might on the face of it suggest that the initiative is off to a superb start, sadly it does not in fact represent a single additional banana bought or soda shunned. This is because in America, the definition of a food desert is any census area where at least 20% of inhabitants are below the poverty line and 33% live more than a mile from a supermarket. By simply extending the cut-off in rural areas to ten miles, the USDA managed to rescue 10m people from desert life.Some academics would go further, calling the appearance of many food desert