2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考前模拟强化练习题8（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the blast twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rises over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness.I am lonely when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out.Then for a while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and, perhaps, by looking again at each one as though it was a person.It takes a while, as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains, but the moment comes when the world falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious, bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood.【答案】对我来说，独自生活最有趣的事情是生活变得越来越有价值，我已经这样独自生活了二十年。正如我大多数日子做的那样，当我醒来，看着太阳从海平面升起，我已经提前知道了这一整天（的计划），不会被打搅，写几页文字，和我的狗散步，读读书，听听音乐，我充满了幸福。当我过度劳累、长时间不间断地工作或者一时感到空虚需要充实时，我就会感到孤独。有时，当我结束了演讲之旅回到家中，我会感到孤独，因为我见了很多人，说了很多话，心里充满了需要整理的经历。之后有那么一段时间，我觉得房子又大又空，不知道自己藏在了哪里。我只得给植物浇浇水，或许再像看人一样，看看它们的千姿百态，慢慢地找回自我。有那么一小会儿，我看着那喷泉里飞溅的浪花，但当世界逐渐消失时，那一刻就来临了，自我又从潜意识的深处再次浮现，带着这几天的经历去探究，然后慢慢领悟。2. 翻译题For all you space buffs who like to keep track of where the water is, it looks like you can add our very own moon to your list. Because according to a trio of papers appearing in the journal Science, the lunar surface is wetter than we realized.Forty years ago, Apollo astronauts brought a bunch of moon rocks back home. For the most part those samples showed no traces of water whatsoever. Those that seemed even the slightest bit moist were thought to have been contaminated by water from Earthbecause the containers they were stored in turned out to be leaky.But now scientists say theyve spotted water right on the moons surface. Using instruments on three different spacecraft, the scientists detected the chemical signature of good old H2O. And they think the water springs from the moon itself. The lunar soil is nearly 50 percent oxygen, and the scientists think that hydrogen comes from the solar wind that pounds the moons surface.Put the two together and you get wet. Not too wet, of course. Theres probably only about a quart of water in every ton of lunar soil. Thats dryer than the Sahara, but wetter than we thought.【答案】对于你们这些喜欢追踪水在哪里的太空迷来说，看起来你们可以把我们自己的月球加入你们的名单。因为根据发表在科学杂志上的三篇论文，月球表面比我们想象的要潮湿。40年前，阿波罗宇航员带回了一堆月球岩石。在大多数情况下，这些样本没有任何水的痕迹。那些看起来哪怕是最轻微的潮湿都被认为是受到了来自地球的水的污染因为它们储存的容器原来是漏水的。但现在科学家称他们已经在月球表面发现了水。科学家们在三艘不同的宇宙飞船上使用仪器，探测到了古老的H2o的化学特征。他们认为水来自月球本身。月球的土壤中有近50%是氧气，科学家们认为氢气来自撞击月球表面的太阳风。把这两者放在一起，你就湿了。当然不会太湿。每吨月球土壤中大概只有一夸脱水。那里比撒哈拉沙漠干燥，但比我们想象的要潮湿。3. 单选题The significance of magazines among contemporary media is sometimes（ ）underestimated.问题1选项A.profoundlyB.radicallyC.graphicallyD.grossly【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。profoundly深刻地；radically根本上，彻底地；graphically 以书画形式；grossly很，非常。空格处填一个副词修饰underestimated，能修饰“低估”只有D项。grossly underestimated极大地被低估。graphically underestimated 彻底被低估，过于绝对。句意：杂志在当代媒体中的意义有时被极大地低估了。4. 单选题Not until the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries（ ）as a unified science.问题1选项A.did ecology emergeB.when ecology emergedC.ecology emergedD.when did ecology emerge【答案】A【解析】考查倒装结构。当not until放句首时，句子要部分倒装。故A项正确。句意：直到19世纪末20世纪初，生态学才作为统一的科学出现。5. 单选题Secretary Of State Kerry said that its important for people in the world not to（ ） alleged terrorists but to underscore the importance of the rule of law.问题1选项A.sympathize withB.get along withC.refer toD.respond to【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项sympathize with表示“同情，与产生共鸣”；B选项get along with表示“与和睦相处，取得进展”；C选项refer to表示“参考，涉及，指的是”；D选项respond to表示“响应”。由句意可知，国务卿克里表示，对世界人民来讲，重要的不是同情所谓的恐怖分子，而是要强调法治的重要性。因此，A选项的词义更符合句意，故本题正确答案为A选项。6. 单选题It was during the 1920s that the friendship between the two American writers Hemingway and Fitzgerald reached（ ）highest point.问题1选项A.theirsB.theirC.hisD.its【答案】D【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。分析句子结构可知，原文句子为强调句。从句主语为the friendship，因此后文空缺处所缺形容词性物主代词应选择its。故本题正确答案为D选项。7. 单选题The republication of the poets most recent works will certainly（ ）his national reputation.问题1选项A.enhanceB.strengthenC.enlargeD.magnify【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。enhance增加，加强，提高；strengthen加强，巩固；enlarge扩大，使增大；magnify放大，赞美。句意：这位诗人最新作品的再版必将提高他在全国的声誉。enhance reputation提高声誉；A项符合题意。8. 单选题Actress Amanda Bynes was convicted of（ ）driving in April 2012 when she crashed into an L.A. County sheriffs deputys cruiser.问题1选项A.legitimateB.juvenileC.recklessD.redundant【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项legitimate表示“合法的，正当的”；B选项juvenile表示“青少年的，幼稚的”；C选项reckless表示“鲁莽的，不顾后果的”；D选项redundant表示“多余的，过剩的，失业的”。be convicted of表示“被宣判有罪”，由句意可知这位女演员因为驾驶不当而被判有罪，因此只有C选项词义最符合句意。故本题正确答案为C选项。9. 单选题Thailands Prime Minister told the nation on a live television that the government was going to（ ）terrorists（ ）the red-shirt protesters.问题1选项A.hinder fromB.distinguish fromC.prevent. fromD.distinctfrom【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。hinder from妨碍，阻止；distinguish from区分，辨别； prevent. from 预防，防止；distinctfrom与不同。句意：泰国总理阿披实星期一在电视上对全国人民说，将把恐怖分子和红衫军抗议者区分开。只有B项符合句意。10. 单选题The family is the center of most traditional Asians lives. Many people worry about their families welfare, reputation, and honor. Asian families are often（1）, including several generations related by（2）or marriage living in the same home. An. Asian persons misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family -including the dead（3）.Traditional Chinese, among many other Asians, respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty（4）them. Children repay their parents（5）by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a（6）part of life in China.（7）, taking care of the aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous（8）in the United States, where aging and family support are not（9）highly.（10）, in the youth-oriented United States, growing old is seen as a bad thing, and many old people do not receive respect.Pilipinos, the most Americanized of the Asians, are（11）extremely family-oriented. They are（12）to helping their children and will sacrifice greatly for their children to get an education.（13）, the children are devoted to their parents, who often live nearby. Grown children who leave the country for economic reasons（14）send large parts of their income home to their parents.The Vietnamese family（15）people currently（16）as well as the spirits of the dead and of the as-yet unborn. Any（17）or actions are done from family considerations, not individual desires. Peoples behavior is judged（18）whether it brings shame or pride to the family. The Vietnamese do not particularly believe in self-reliance; in this way, they are the（19）of people in the United States. Many Vietnamese think that their actions in this life will influence their（20）in their next life.问题1选项A.enlargedB.lengthenedC.expandedD.extended问题2选项A.historyB.bloodC.interactionD.bond问题3选项A.ancestorsB.settlersC.immigrantD.pioneer问题4选项A.ofB.forC.towardD.on问题5选项A.sacrificesB.sufferingsC.contributionsD.tributes问题6选项A.formalB.naturalC.regularD.peculiar问题7选项A.in comparisonB.in contrastC.in a wayD.to the same extent问题8选项A.reliefB.responsibilityC.burdenD.business问题9选项A.rewardedB.complimentedC.regardedD.honored问题10选项A.as a resultB.of courseC.and yetD.in fact问题11选项A.butB.furtherC.stillD.only问题12选项A.dedicatedB.confinedC.correspondedD.exposed问题13选项A.in exchangeB.in turnC.in vainD.in debt问题14选项A.occasionallyB.intentionallyC.typicallyD.steadily问题15选项A.insists onB.resists toC.persists inD.consists of问题16选项A.aliveB.livelyC.livingD.life问题17选项A.decisionsB.incidencesC.accidentsD.expedition问题18选项A.byB.onC.forD.in问题19选项A.counterpartB.competitorC.oppositeD.opponent问题20选项A.stationB.stateC.statureD.status【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A第6题:B第7题:B第8题:C第9题:D第10题:D第11题:C第12题:A第13题:B第14题:C第15题:D第16题:A第17题:A第18题:B第19题:C第20题:D【解析】1.考查形容词辨析。enlarged放大的，增大的；lengthened 延长；expanded扩充的，展开的；extended延伸的，扩大的。根据空格后的“including several generations”可知亚洲的家庭是向后扩展延伸的。故D项正确。2.考查名词辨析。history历史；blood血液；interaction相互作用；bond纽带。该句指亚洲家庭通常是往后延伸的，包括由血缘关系或婚姻关系而来的住在一起的几代人。由marriage可推测该空填blood。3.考查名词辨析。ancestor祖先；settler移居者；immigrant移民者；pioneer先锋。由dead可知这里指逝去的其他家庭成员即祖先。故A项正确。4.考查介词辨析。对的责任感，a duty toward sb. 故C项正确。5.考查名词辨析。sacrifice牺牲；suffering遭遇，痛苦；contribution贡献；tribute礼物，颂词。由空前的repay their parents可知中国子女回报他们父母为他们所作出的牺牲。故A项正确。6.考查形容词辨析。formal正式的；natural自然的；regular有规律的，定期的；peculiar特殊的，独特的。子女赡养父母在中国是一件是自然的事情。故B项正确。7.考查逻辑关系。由下文可知，在美国变老是一件坏事，许多老人得不到尊重。这种情况与中国相反。故B项正确。8. 由上题确定的基调可知，在美国，照顾年老的父母被子女看作一个巨大的负担。relief信仰；responsibility责任；burden负担；business商业。故C项正确。9.考查动词辨析。reward报酬；compliment恭维，称赞；regard看作；honor尊敬，给以荣誉。接上一题的句意可知，美国人对于老年人和家庭支持方面不重视。故D项正确。10.由后半句可知“在以年轻人居多的美国，变老是一件坏事，许多老人得不到尊重。”这是在描述事实，故用in fact。11.考查连词。由“菲律宾人是最美国化的亚洲人”及空后的 extremely family-oriented可知尽管菲律宾人被美国化了，但仍然是亚洲人，他们仍然以家庭为导向。故用still。12.考查动词辨析。be dedicated to 致力于，奉献；由and will sacrifice greatly可推知该句句意为：菲律宾父母会致力于帮助他们的孩子，并且为孩子们能接受教育做出巨大牺牲。13.上文提到父母尽力帮助孩子，而空后的句意是孩子会尽力帮助住在附近的父母。因此这句表明孩子会反过来帮助父母。故用in turn.14.考查副词。occasionally偶尔；intentionally故意地；typically代表性地，作为特色地；steadily稳定地，稳固地。句意：为了经济原因离开家乡的成年孩子会_把他们的大部分首付寄给父母。这属于菲律宾当地的一种特色。故用typically。15.考查词组辨析。insist on坚决，坚持；resist to 抵抗，反抗；persist in坚持，固执于；consist of由组成。由 people以及as well as the 可知这是家庭的组成部分。故用consist of。16.考查形近词辨析。空格处与 the spirits of the dead相对，越南人的家庭包括活着的人以及逝去的灵魂和未出生的人。17.考查名词辨析。由or可推知该空意思与action意思接近，只有A项符合。句意：所有决定或行为都是从家庭的角度来考虑的。18.考查固定搭配。be judged on以来判断。句意：人们的行为会根据其是否为家庭带来荣誉或使其蒙羞来判断。19.该句将越南人与美国人在自立方面进行对比，越南人不独立，这点与美国人是相反的。counterpart复本，配对物；competitor竞争者，对手；opposite反面；opponent对手。故C项正确20.考查形近词辨析。station车站；state国家，州；stature身高，身材；status地位，状态。句意：许多越南人认为他们这辈子的行为将会影响下辈子的_。只有D项符合句意。11. 单选题During the decades after the United States Civil War, a host of technical advances made possible（ ）and uniformity of railroad service.问题1选项A.and a new integrationB.for a new integrationC.that a new integrationD.a new integration【答案】D【解析】考查语法。B项made 后面没有了宾语；C项that后面没有谓语，无法构成从句；A项made 后面没有了宾语，而且and 前后也不是平行结构。故D项正确。句意：在美国内战之后的几十年里,大量的技术进步使铁路服务重新整合保持一致性成为可能。12. 单选题Wrestler Jake “The Snake” Roberts told TMZ.com that he will（ ）emergency surgery to remove a cancerous tumour.问题1选项A.upholdB.undergoC.transferD.trigger【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项uphold表示“支撑，鼓励，赞成”；B选项undergo表示“经历，经受，忍受”；C选项transfer表示“转让，转移”；D选项trigger表示“触发，引起”。由句意可知，这位摔跤手告诉TMZ.com网站说，他将进行紧急手术，切除癌症肿瘤。因此，只有undergo的词义最符合句意，故本题正确答案为B选项。13. 单选题Kazakhstan is to（ ）business registration procedures by lessening the number of the documents for business registration.问题1选项A.simplifyB.signifyC.stimulateD.stipulate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。simplify简化； signify表示，意味着；stimulate刺激，鼓舞； stipulate规定，保证。由lessening可知哈萨克斯坦正在减少办理商业登记的文件数量，目的是为了简化商业登记手续。故空格处所填单词与lessening意思接近，A项符合题意。14. 单选题Springfield firefighters quickly（ ）a burning SUV in a parking lot in Forest Park. The cause remains under investigation.问题1选项A.extinguishedB.excludedC.exceededD.exposed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。extinguish熄灭，压制；exclude排斥；exceed超过，expose暴露。由firefighter可推知消防员将火扑灭了。故A项正确。句意：斯普林菲尔德消防员迅速熄灭了在森林公园的一个停车场燃烧的SUV。事故原因仍在调查中。15. 单选题Examine the data over time, and youll find irrefutable evidence of progress: the decline of war, the increase in life span;（ ）of literacy, democracy, and equal rights,（ ）of privilege based on race, gender, heredity and beliefs.问题1选项A.the spread . the waningB.the spreading . the waneC.the spreads. the wanesD.the spreading the waning【答案】A【解析】考查词性。the + 名词，表示特指。spread 可以做动词，也可以做名词。Wane是动词，变名词为在其后加-ing。句意：回顾一段时间以来的数据，你就会发现有不可辨驳的证据证明社会在进步：战争减少，寿命延长，识字率的提高以及民主和权利平等意识的增强，基于种族、性别、出身、信仰而获得的特权的减少。选项A符合题意。16. 单选题Social tensions among adult factions can be adjusted by politics, but adolescents and children have no such（ ）for resolving their conflict with the exclusive world of adults.问题1选项A.attitudeB.mechanismC.justificationD.opportunity【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。attitude态度，看法；mechanism机制，原理，途径；justification 理由，辩护。；opportunity机会。no such与前半句的politics对应，politics在句中属于解决问题的方法，故后半句用mechanism。答案B。句意：成人派系之间的社会紧张关系可以通过政治来调整，但是青少年和儿童没有这样的（ ）来解决他们与成人世界的冲突。、17. 单选题For years Kaufer, an associate professor at U.C. Berkeley, has been working on how stress affects the brain and body, and the complexity of the（ ）instinct to fight or flee.问题1选项A.ethicalB.militaryC.politicalD.human【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项ethical表示“伦理的，道德的”；B选项military表示“军事的，军人的”；C选项political表示“政治的，党派的”；D选项human表示“人的，人类的”。分析句意可知，这位副教授一直都致力于研究压力如何影响大脑和身体，以及人类战斗和逃跑本能的复杂性。因此human的词义最符合原文句意，故本题正确答案为D选项。18. 单选题The European union, in particular, Germany, are searching opportunities to help Ukraine（ ）its economy.问题1选项A.sprayB.sponsorC.stiffenD.stabilize【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项spray表示“喷射”；B选项sponsor表示“赞助，发起”；C选项stiffen表示“变硬，变猛烈”；D选项stabilize表示“稳固，安定”。由句意可知，欧盟，尤其是德国，正在寻找机会帮助乌克兰稳定经济。因此，stabilize的词义最符合句意，故本题正确答案为D选项。19. 单选题The typical sex bribe involves a businessman treating an official to a night at a bathhouse stocked with（ ）, says Liao Ran, who monitors Asia for Transparency International.问题1选项A.prototypesB.propagandasC.prostitutesD.prophets【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项prototypes表示“原型，雏型”；B选项propagandas表示“宣传，宣传活动”；C选项prostitutes表示“妓女”；D选项prophets表示“先知，提倡者”。由句中关键词“sex bribe”可知，C选项含义最符合原文，句意理解为：典型的性贿赂包括商人邀请官员在满是妓女的澡堂里过夜。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。20. 单选题It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors7 names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet - and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it - is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development（OECD. has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the reports authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author（or his employer）to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.1. The author mainly talks about（ ）in Paragraph 1.2. The OECD report（ ）.3. Online publication is significant because（ ）4. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to（ ）5. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.the background information of journal editingB.the relations of authors with journal publishersC.the traditional process of journal publicationD.the publication routine of laboratory reports问题2选项A.criticizes government-funded researchB.upsets profit-making journal publishersC.benefits scientific research considerablyD.introduces an effective means of publication问题3选项A.it brings huge profits to scientific researchersB.it provides an easier access to scientific resultsC.it facilitates public investment in scientific researchD.it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge问题4选项A.cover the cost of its publication.B.subscribe to the journal publishing it.C.allow other online journals to use it freely.D.complete the peer-review before submission.问题5选项A.Authors welcome the new channel for publication.B.Publication is rendered easier by online service.C.The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.D.A new mode of publication is emerging.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段主要讲述了期刊出版的过程，即收稿、审稿、出版或弃用、版权和引用收费等步骤。 C和D看似都符合。仔细阅读全文可知，文章先讲述了期刊出版以前是怎样的，后来又是怎样的，由It used to be so straightforward.可知第一段主要讲述的是过去期刊是出版的过程，C选项中“traditional”强调了过去。因此D项更符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干定位到第二段“The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. 份报告是由澳大利亚维多利亚大学的约翰霍顿和经合组织的格雷厄姆维克里共同撰写的，对于那些迄今为止已经获得可观利润的出版商来说，这份报告读起来很沉重。”据此可知该报告让盈利的出版商心情沉重。故B项正确。3.细节事实题。由第二段“No longer. The Internet - and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it - is making access to scientific results a reality. 互联网以及来自资助机构的压力正使获取科学成果成为现实。资助机构质疑，为什么商业出版商通过限制对科研的访问，从政府资助的研究中赚钱。可知互联网使网上发表论文成为可能，同时网上发表论文使人们更易获得科学成果。故B项正确。4.细节事实题。由第四段“There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author（or his employer）to pay for the paper to be published. 有一种开放获取的出版方式，通常要求作者（或其雇主）为发表的论文付费。”据此可知作者要为论文付费。故A项正确。5.主旨大意题。整篇文章都是在以客观的角度来介绍新的出版方式，并没有表明作者观点，故A项“作者欢迎新的出版方式”不对；B项“在线服务使出版变得更容易。”从理论上这观点是正确的，但是文中未提及，也不是本文主题。C项“网络对出版构成威胁”文中没提及。D项“一种新的出版方式正在出现”为本文主题，故D项正确。