2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第197期

2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Researchers produced evidence to support what most of us already knewthat a cup of tea is the answer to any crisis.Dr. Malcolm Cross, a psychologist at City University London, tested the anxiety levels of a group of people following a （1） situation and revealed that even a single cup of tea has a （2） calming effect. His team gave 42 volunteers a mental arithmetic exam and （3） offered half of them a cup of tea and the other half a glass of water. The water groups anxiety levels soared （4） 25 percent compared with before the task, （5） the tea group actually reported a four percent reduction in anxietydespite the difficult test, they were relaxed than when they stared.According to a survey carried out for the research, 68 percent of Britons （6） tea in a dilemma, making it the nations most common response to trouble of （7） kind. About 60percent said the promise of comfort and warmth was the main reason for putting the kettle on. “The （8） of making and drinking teaparticularly during times of stressis at the very （9） of British culture,” Cross said.This study shows that the social psychological （10） of tea enhance the effects of its chemical make-up on our bodies and brains.问题1选项A.light-heartedB.seriousC.comfortableD.stressful问题2选项A.significantB.rigorousC.severeD.selective问题3选项A.previouslyB.afterwardsC.besidesD.lately问题4选项A.onB.inC.byD.at问题5选项A.whileB.howeverC.meanwhileD.nevertheless问题6选项A.give upB.owe toC.look onD.turn to问题7选项A.whicheverB.whateverC.howeverD.whoever问题8选项A.ceremonyB.functionC.ritualD.observance问题9选项A.beginningB.momentC.endD.core问题10选项A.aspectsB.facesC.sitesD.ways【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A第6题:D第7题:B第8题:C第9题:D第10题:A【解析】1.考查形容词辨析。A选项light-hearted“轻松的”；B选项serious“严肃的”；C选项comfortable“惬意的”；D选项stressful“紧张的，有压力的”。句意：伦敦城市大学的心理学家马尔科姆克罗斯博士测试了一组人在_情况下的焦虑水平，发现即使是一杯茶也有镇静作用。根据语境，需要镇静的情况只有当人处于紧张的状态，所以stressful“紧张的，有压力的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。2.考查形容词辨析。A选项significant“有效的”；B选项rigorous“严密的”；C选项severe“严峻的；剧烈的”；D选项selective“有选择性的”。句意：发现即使是一杯茶也有_的镇静作用。根据语境，significant“有效的”形容effect“作用”比较合理，符合题意。因此A选项正确。3.考查词义辨析。A选项previously“预先”；B选项afterwards“然后”；C选项besides“以及”；D选项lately“近来”。句意：他的团队给42名志愿者进行了心算测试，_给其中一半人一杯茶，另一半人一杯水。根据语境和横线前面的and得知是先做测试再给水或茶，所以afterwards“然后”符合题意。因此B选项正确。4.考查固定搭配。A选项soar on非固定搭配；B选项soar in非固定搭配；C选项soar by“激增了”；D选项“激增到”。句意：与任务前相比，喝水对比组的焦虑水平飙升_25%。根据下文the tea group actually reported a four percent reduction in anxiety（喝茶对比组的焦虑感实际上减少了4%），可知这里在对喝水对比组和喝茶对比组的结果进行说明，可推测结果在内容方面一致，所以soar by“激增了”符合题意。因此C选项正确。5.考查语法。句意：_喝茶对比组的焦虑感实际上减少了4%。4个选项意思都为然而。A选项while引导从句；B选项however，C选项meanwhile和D选项nevertheless后面紧跟逗号，横线后面为完整的从句，所以A选项while符合题意。因此A选项正确。6.考查词组辨析。A选项give up“放弃”；B选项owe to“由于”；C选项look on“看待”；D选项turn to“求助于”。句意：这项调查显示，68%的英国人在遇到两难困境时会_喝茶，这使得喝茶成为英国人面对麻烦时最普遍的应对方式。根据语境，这里指人们选择通过喝茶帮助自己脱离那个焦虑的困境，所以turn to“求助于”符合题意。因此D选项正确。7.考查代词辨析。A选项whichever“无论哪个”；B选项whatever“无论什么”；C选项however“无论如何”；D选项whoever“无论是谁”。句意：这项调查显示，68%的英国人在遇到两难困境时会求助于喝茶，这使得喝茶成为英国人面对_种类的麻烦时最普遍的应对方式。根据语境，这里指无论遇到什么麻烦，人们选择喝茶，所以whatever“无论什么”比较符合题意。因此B选项正确。8.考查形容词辨析。A选项ceremony“（公共或宗教的）典礼；（正式或传统的）礼节”；B选项function“盛大的集会”；C选项ritual“习惯；（尤指）宗教仪式”；D选项observance“宗教（或传统节日）的仪式”。句意：泡茶和喝茶的_尤其是在压力大的时候。根据语境，在压力大的时候喝茶是一种习惯，所以ritual“习惯”符合题意。因此C选项正确。9.考查形容词辨析。A选项beginning“开始”；B选项moment“时刻”；C选项end“结束”；D选项core“核心”。句意：泡茶和喝茶的习惯尤其是在压力大的时候是英国文化的_。根据语境，这里指喝茶是英国文化中不容忽视的一部分，所以core“核心”符合题意。因此D选项正确。10.考查形容词辨析。A选项aspects“方面”；B选项faces“表面；面部”；C选项sites“地点”；D选项ways“方法”。句意：这项研究表明，茶在社会心理_增强了其化学成分对我们身体和大脑的影响。根据语境，这里是指从社会心理的角度来说，茶对我们的影响更大了，所以aspects“方面”符合题意。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题Here _ you want to see.问题1选项A.comes the girlB.come does the girlC.the girl comesD.coming the girl is【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句。句意：你想见的女孩来了。here位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式，倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，所以A选项comes the girl符合题意。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题_ nature means all living plants and animals.问题1选项A.ScientificB.AnimateC.GoodD.Large【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项Scientific“科学的”；B选项Animate“有生命的”；C选项Good“良好的”；D选项Large“大量的；广泛的”。句意：_的物种是指所有有生命的动植物。根据语境，B选项Animate“有生命的”比较符合语境，这里是在解释有生命的物种是什么，符合题意。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题John _ better than to go swimming right after eating.问题1选项A.shall knowB.shouldnt knowC.has knownD.should have known【答案】D【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：你应该知道不能吃完饭就去游泳。根据John在之前就know刚吃完饭不能游泳，对现在有影响，确定用现在完成时；结合语境，这里指本来就该知道，加上情态动词should后句意通顺，D选项should have known符合题意。A选项shall know中shall意思为“将要”，不符合题意。B选项shouldnt know不符合题意。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题At about the same time, doctors began to understand _ together.问题1选项A.which went dirt and diseaseB.what went dirt and diseaseC.that dirt and disease wentD.that did dirt and disease go【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：大约在同一时间，医生们开始明白污垢和疾病相伴而生。本从句成分完整，不需要用先行词作从句成分，故先行词用that，从句时态和主句时态保持一致，故用过去式，所以C选项that dirt and disease went符合题意。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题We can _ with a lot of unhappiness by uncovering and discarding the beliefs that fuel it.问题1选项A.disposeB.dispenseC.dismissD.dispute【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。A选项dispose“处理；安排”，不与with连用；B选项dispense“分配；分发”，dispense with sth.“免除；省掉某物”；C选项dismiss“不予考虑；去除”，dismiss with“用去除”；D选项dispute“争论”dispute with“与辩论”。句意：我们可以通过揭露和抛弃加剧不快乐的信仰来_很多不快乐。根据语境，这里指去除不快乐的感受，所以B选项dispense with sth.“免除；省掉某物”符合题意。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题These isolated elephant populations are _ to extinction.问题1选项A.fragileB.primitiveC.vulnerableD.susceptible【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项fragile“易碎的；不牢固的；虚弱的”；B选项primitive “原始的；落后的；（感觉或欲望）原始本能的”；C选项vulnerable“（身体上或感情上）脆弱的；易受伤害的”，侧重指（由于有夹缝或弱点而）易受责难或攻击；D选项susceptible“易受（伤）的；易患（病）的”，侧重指易受影响。句意：这些_的大象种群很容易灭绝。根据语境，容易灭绝是因为容易受伤害，C选项vulnerable“（身体上或感情上）脆弱的；易受伤害的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。8. 单选题His family had almost forgotten _ like.问题1选项A.how his face wasB.which was his faceC.what his face wasD.that his face was【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他的家人几乎已经忘记了他长的什么样子。根据句型it is like，得出C选项what his face was符合题意。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题Did you know that you could be sting on a fortune without even realizing it? If youre like most people, you have no idea that you probably have items of value put away that could put dollars in your pocket.Thats exactly why Tony Hyman, Ed.D., one of Americans top ten authorities on collectibles (收藏品) and the host of the #1 radio antiques and collectibles call-in Q & A show, wrote his book Trash or Treasure. “This book has only one purpose: to make money for its readers,” says Hyman, who has authored 11 other books on selling collectibles, and has appeared on every major TV talk show.“Trash or Treasure can make you rich,” says Anita Gold, one of the countrys foremost columnists on collectibles. “Its better than buying a lottery ticketyou cant lose with this book.”Elsie Gordon, from Florida, made $250 by going through the trash after her husband had cleaned out the garage. She originally thought that the old car parts and oily manuals shed rescued might be worth $10.Theres only one way to know you if what you have is trash or treasure. You have to ask a qualified expert. Thats why Dr. Hymans book is invaluable: It leads you straight to 1,200 specialty buyers who are actively looking for your dust-gatherers.Trash or Treasure, which has sold nearly 250,000 copies, is the only book of its kind. For it not only tells you what you have that could be of value, it tells you who to sell it to, where theyre located, and how to handle the transaction. All you have to do is fill out Sell-A-Gram included with the book.Trash or Treasure gives you all the information you need to trade in your trash for cash. Lets face it. You cant afford to pass up that opportunity.1. What does “authored” (Par. 2, last sentence) mean?2. From what Anta Gold said we can infer that _.3. What does “dust-gatherers” (Par.5, last sentence) mean?4. Which of the following is NOT included in the book?5. This text is likely to be _.问题1选项A.Been an authority on.B.Authorized.C.Given up the right to.D.Written.问题2选项A.you may lose a lottery ticket but you wont lose this bookB.you may spend money and get nothing back when you buy a lottery ticker but you can always get something back when you buy this bookC.you may be late for getting money from a lottery ticket but you cant when you buy this bookD.you may not do as well as others when you buy a lottery ticket but you will be as good as anybody else when you buy this book问题3选项A.Things on which dust gathers.B.People hired to help clear away the trash.C.People employed to empty the dustbin.D.Things one collects when gathering up trash.问题4选项A.Where the specialty buyers are located.B.What might be of value.C.When the specialty buyers handle transaction.D.Who would buy valuable collectibles.问题5选项A.a preface to a bookB.a book reviewC.advice provided by the social servicesD.an advertisement【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.语义推测题。authored意思为“写作；编写”。根据第二段最后一句who has authored 11 other books on selling collectibles（写了另外11本关于出售收藏品的书），这里authored搭配books，D选项“写”比较符合语境，也和authored词义相近。A选项“是某方面的权威”，B选项“批准，授权”和C选项“放弃权利”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据第三段“Trash or Treasure can make you rich,”“Its better than buying a lottery ticketyou cant lose with this book.”（“垃圾还是宝藏可以让你变得富有，”“这比买彩票好你不会因为拥有这本书而失去什么。”），文章写的是卖废品为财富，运用这本书的内容会让人增加财富，更不会因为这本书失去什么，所以B选项“你可能花了很多钱买彩票，却什么也得不到，但是如果你买这本书，总会得到些什么”正确。A选项“你可能会失去一张彩票，但不会失去这本书”，C选项“可能买彩票你来晚了，但是买这本书不会晚”和D选项“如果你买彩票，可能不会像他人一样优秀，但是如果你买这本书，就会和其他人一样优秀”不符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第五段最后一句Thats why Dr. Hymans book is invaluable: It leads you straight to 1,200specialty buyers who are actively looking for your dust-gatherers.（这就是为什么海曼博士的书是无价的：它直接把你带到1200个专业买家面前，而他们正在积极地寻找你的灰尘收集器。），这些专家专门收购垃圾，所以D选项“收集垃圾的东西”符合题意。A选项“积灰尘的东西”，B选项“受雇帮助清理垃圾的人”和C选项“被雇佣来清空垃圾箱的人”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第六段第二句For it not only tells you what you have that could be of value, it tells you who to sell it to, where theyre located, and how to handle the transaction.（因为它不仅告诉你你拥有什么可能有价值的东西，还告诉你把它卖给谁，他们在哪里，以及如何处理交易。），可知这本书的内容有A选项“专业买家的所在地”，B选项“可能有价值的东西”和D选项“谁会买有价值的收藏品”，C选项“专业买家什么时候处理交易”不包含在内。因此C选项正确。5.主旨大意题。这篇文章介绍了Trash or Treasure这本书，也介绍了这本书的作者和内容，而没有对这本书的评价，所以A选项“书的序言”正确。B选项“书评”、C选项“社会服务机构给的意见”和D选项“广告”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题Mother warned _ the electric lamp.问题1选项A.not to touchB.him not to touchC.him not touchingD.him not touch【答案】B【解析】考查动词用法。句意：妈妈告诫他不要碰电灯。告诫某人不要做某事用warn sb. not to do sth.，所以B选项him not to touch符合题意，故正确。其余选项语法错误。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题John suggested _anything about it until they found out more facts.问题1选项A.not to sayB.saying notC.to say notD.not saying【答案】D【解析】考查动词用法。suggest后面只能接动名词v-ing，动名词的否定形式是在其前加not；其后不可以接to do/ be不定式。因此，D为正确答案。本句句意：“约翰建议，在他们找到更多的事实前，什么也不要说。”12. 单选题While he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg_.问题1选项A.brokeB.breakC.brokenD.breaking【答案】C【解析】考查宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系。此句中的had为使役动词，其后的宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系是逻辑上的动宾关系，根据英语语法，此处应用过去分词。本句句意：他在爬那座高山时，摔断了腿。13. 单选题_makes men different from the other animals is that they can think and speak.问题1选项A.ThatB.The thingC.AllD.What【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。题干中what从句是整个句子的主语，故后面的动词为is。B项all和C项the things少了作主语的关系代词（that），在定语从句中，做主语的关系代词是不能省略的，只有作宾语的关系代词能省略，所以B，C两项错误。14. 单选题Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations _ formal language is used.问题1选项A.in whichB.on whichC.in thatD.at what【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。formal language is used是用来修饰situations的定语从句，并且是一个完整的句子，可知横线上的部分充当关系副词，根据短语in the situation可知横线部分表示地点，所以答案选A选项in which，B选项on which错误。in what用法错误，故C选项in what错误。at what用法错误，D选项at what错误。句意：政府报告、考试作文、法律文件和大多数商务信函是使用正式语言的主要情况。因此A选项正确。15. 单选题Although _ happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.问题1选项A.whatB.whichC.howD.it【答案】A【解析】考查主语从句。句意：尽管发生在那个发达国家的事情听起来像科幻小说，但它也可能发生在世界其他地方。横线加happened in that developed country部分为主语从句，发生的事件用what作先行词，所以A选项what符合题意。因此A选项正确。16. 单选题Historically, humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them. （1） that logic. 2006 should have been a breakthrough year for rational behavior. With the memory of 9/11 still （2） in their minds. Americans watched hurricane Katrina, the most expensive disasterIn U.S. history, on. （3） TV. Anyone who didnt know it before should have learned that bad things can happen. And they are made （4） worse by our willful blindness to risk as much as our （5） to work together before everything goes to hell.Granted, some amount of delusion(错觉)is probably part of the （6） condition. In A.D.63 Pompeii was seriously damaged by an earthquake and the locals immediately went to work （7） in the same spot-until they were buried altogether by a volcano eruption 16 years later. But a （8） of the past year in disaster history suggests that modern Americans are particularly bad at （9） themselves from guaranteed threats. We know more than we （10） did about the dangers we face. But it turns out that in times of crisis, our greatest enemy is rarely the storm, the quake or the surge itself. More often it is ourselves.问题1选项A.ToB.ByC.OnD.For问题2选项A.freshB.obviousC.apparentD.evident问题3选项A.visualB.vividC.liveD.lively问题4选项A.littleB.lessC.moreD.much问题5选项A.reluctanceB.rejectionC.denialD.decline问题6选项A.naturalB.socialC.worldD.human问题7选项A.revisingB.refiningC.rebuildingD.retrieving问题8选项A.reviewB.reminderC.conceptD.prospect问题9选项A.preparingB.protestingC.protectingD.prevailing问题10选项A.neverB.everC.thenD.Before【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A第6题:D第7题:C第8题:A第9题:C第10题:B【解析】1. 考查介词辨析。通过对前句humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them.（人类只有在遭受灾难之后才会认真地避免灾难），于是后句紧跟的连词应该是表示解释说明，而A项to“至于”，C项on“在上面”，D项for为因果连词，只有by可以表示通过。2. 考查词义辨析。A项“新鲜的”，B、C、D三项都是明显的意思，evident多用于推理及抽象的事；obvious多用于指“容易知道或发现，无须解释或证明的”的事；apparent多用于指“一目了然的”的事，或者“思想上容易理解的”的事，根据文章的意思，此处应该是表示记忆犹新的意思，因此A项fresh符合题意。3. 考查词义辨析题。C项live这个单词除了有生活的意思之外，还有现场直播的意思。A项“视觉的”，B项“生动活泼的”，D项“活泼的”，vivid指人的表情、故事等“生动”“逼真” “活泼”等；lively指人及生物等充满生机和活力，即“活泼的”、“充满生气的”根据句意：美国人通过电视直播观看了卡特里娜飓风，这是美国历史上最昂贵的灾难。可知C项符合。4. 考查比较级。在比较级前面添加副词，只能用副词原级，不能再用比较级，因此B和C错误。根据文章的感情色彩，文章表示的是贬义，因此用much不用little。5. 考查词义辨析。A项reluctance“不情愿”，B项“拒绝”，C项denial“否定”， D项“拒绝”。B项和D项中reject一般指否决、不予接受（建议，提议，想法和要求等）；decline表示“婉拒”。通过分析这个复杂句我们看到了前面的一个关键词willful blindness“盲目”。该句句意：由于我们任性的盲目冒险以及我们 在一切陷入困境之前共同努力，使他们变得更加糟糕。而这里用A项reluctance，正好和前面的willful“故意的”成反义词对应。6. 考查词义和句意理解。固定搭配human condition“人的生存条件”，该句句意：诚然，一定程度的错觉可能是 的一部分。根据前文所说人们不愿意共同努力，可知人们有这种想法是受生存条件的影响，第二段后文通过举例来阐释这句话。所以此处选D项。A项“自然条件”，B项“社会条件”，C项“世界状况”，均不符合文意。7. 考查词义辨析。A项“修订”，B项“提炼”，C项“重建”，D项“重新得到”。该句句意：公元63年，庞贝城被一场地震严重破坏，当地人立即前往同一地点进行 。句子前面的连词and，表示两句并列。地震之后要干什么呢？当然就是重建了。所以此处选择C项。8. 考查词义辨析。A项“回顾”，B项“提醒，暗示”C项“概念”，D项“希望”。句子开头一个强转折but，表示后面要说的和前面的内容是相反的意思。同时，后面有一个history，通过这个单词就知道前面用review。该句句意：但 过去一年的灾难史，可以发现现代美国人，故选A。9. 考查固定搭配。C项protect sb. from sth保护某人免受某事。A项prepare“准备”，B项protest“抗议”，D项prevail“流行，成功”。结合句意：现代美国人尤其不善于 自己免受威胁，故选C。10. 考查词义辨析。本句中did是用助动词取代实意动词know，因此这里的连词只能用ever表示以前，而before做副词时一定放在句末或后跟名词，所以此处的句意：对于我们所面临的灾难，我们比以前知道的更多。因此只有B项符合。17. 单选题I always left home for school earlier in the morning _ traffic jam.问题1选项A.in line withB.for the sake ofC.in case ofD.at the risk of【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项in line with“与一致”；B选项for the sake of“为了”；C选项in case of“以防万一”；D选项at the risk of“冒着的危险”。句意：我总是在早上较早离开家去上学_交通堵塞。根据语境，这里指早点出门是为了不想堵车，C选项in case of“以防万一”符合题意。因此C选项正确。18. 单选题These desks and seats can be _ to the height to any child.问题1选项A.adaptedB.adoptedC.adjustedD.attached【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adapted“适应”；B选项adopted“采用”；C选项adjusted“调整；校正”；D选项attached“附加”。句意：这些课桌和椅子可以_到任何孩子的高度。根据语境，这里是指这些课桌和椅子可以调整高度，所以adjusted“调整”符合题意。因此C选项正确。19. 单选题 _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.问题1选项A.DressedB.To dressC.DressingD.Having dressed【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。dress的常用搭配是be dressed in和dress sb.，前者表示的是状态，后者表示动作。本句空格后有in，且表示的是一种状态，故用过去分词形式dressed。本题“dressed in a white uniform”，是对he的情况进行说明。句意：穿着白色的制服，他看起来更像厨师而不是医生。20. 单选题They gave each other a gold ring to symbolize their marriage _.问题1选项A.approvalB.commitmentC.consentD.obligation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项approval“批准（计划、要求等）”；B选项commitment“承诺，保证”；C选项consent“（正式）赞同；批文”；D选项obligation“（已承诺的或法律等规定的）义务，责任”。句意：他们互赠金戒指象征他们婚姻的_。B选项commitment“承诺；保证”在这里比较符合语境，指金戒指象征婚姻的承诺，符合题意。因此B选项正确。