2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试名师点拨押题密卷65（含答案详解）

2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题Susan has （ ）the elbows of her sons jacket with leather patches to make it more durable.问题1选项A.reinforcedB.sustainedC.steadiedD.confirmed【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。reinforce “加固，加强”；sustain “维持，忍受”；steady “稳固，使坚定”；confirm “确认，确定”。句意：苏珊用皮革补丁将她儿子的肘部进行加固，使它更耐用。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题The new secretary has written a remarkably （ ） report only in a few pages but with all the details.问题1选项A.conciseB.clearC.preciseD.elaborate【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。concise “简明的”；clear “清楚的”；precise “精确的”；elaborate “详尽的”。句意：新秘书只用了几张纸就写出了一份包含所有的非常详尽的报告。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题If you want to teach your children how to say sorry you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children “Im sorry I got angry with you, but.” what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day.” or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “Im sorry youre upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “Im useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement.These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old boy might need reminding that spoiling other childrens expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parents clothes without permission is not.1.If a mother adds “but” to an apology, （ ）.2.According to the author, saying “Im sorry youre upset” most probably means “ （ ）”.3.It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because（ ）.4.We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry（ ）.5.It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is（ ）.问题1选项A.she doesnt feel that she should have apologizedB.she does not realize that the child has been hurtC.the child may find the apology easier to acceptD.the child may feel that he owes her an apology问题2选项A.You have good reason to get upsetB.Im aware youre upset but Im not to blameC.I apologize for hurting your feelingsD.Im at fault for making you upset问题3选项A.is gets one into the habit of making empty promisesB.it may make the other person feel guiltyC.it is vague and ineffectiveD.it is hurtful and insulting问题4选项A.the complexities involved should be ignoredB.their ages should be taken into accountC.parents need to set them a good exampleD.parents should be patient and tolerant问题5选项A.a social issue calling for immediate attentionB.not necessary among family membersC.a sign of social progressD.not as simple as it seems【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:判断推理题。根据第二段的内容“but can render the apology ineffective.leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.”“但是”这个词会让道歉不起作用.这让受伤害的人觉得他应该为自己的错误行为道歉，而不是期待别人的道歉。根据题干意思，如果一位母亲在道歉之后加上“but”这个词， 。选项A和B均无法在原文中找到对应信息；选项C错误，这种道歉方式会让道歉无效，所以孩子并不会觉得容易接受；只有选项D“孩子可能觉得他应该向母亲道歉”符合原文，所以正确。第2题:判断推理题。根据关键句“Im sorry youre upset.”定位到第三段最后一句“this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.”这表明你允许自己因为别人的所作所为感到沮丧，自己多少也有错。潜在意思就是说，我知道你很难过，但这不应该怪我。选项B符合原文。第3题:判断推理题。根据第四段的内容“其次是笼统的一般性的道歉，它避免点明特别伤害或侮辱他人的具体行为，而且道歉的人应该承诺永远不再这样做。说“作为父母我很没用”并不能让一个人有任何具体的进步。”由此可推断，笼统的道歉并不能让一个人有任何具体的进步，所以它是无效的；而且是笼统的道歉，也就是模糊的，所以本题选C。第4题:细节事实题。根据最后一段首句“But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry.”即使孩子们看到了真诚悔悟的例子，他们仍然需要一些帮助来意识到道歉的复杂性。选项A与原文不符，所以错误；选项C太过于片面，帮助不一定来自于父母，不能只考虑这一种因素，所以选项C也错误；选项D在文中没有提及。根据下文具体的内容可知，作者是根据孩子的年龄来具体举例的，所以选项B“孩子的年龄应该被考虑进去”符合原文。第5题:判断推理题。结合原文内容可知，本文主要讲的是父母应该如何更好的道歉以便能够教会自己的孩子道歉。不涉及社会问题，所以选项A和C范围过于宽泛，不恰当；选项B很明显不符合原文；选项D“道歉并不像看起来的那么简单”符合原文，文章列举了几种道歉的表达方法并且提及道歉具有复杂性，所以选项D正确。4. 单选题This is the nurse who （ ）to me when I was ill in hospital.问题1选项A.accompaniedB.attendedC.entertainedD.shielded【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。accompany陪伴，伴随，通常和介词“by”搭配；attend出席，照顾，照料，通常和介词“to”搭配；entertain娱乐，招待，通常和介词“with”搭配；shield遮蔽，防御，通常和介词“from”搭配。句意：这就是我生病住院时照顾我的护士。只有选项B能和介词“to”搭配，所以正确。5. 单选题Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were （ ）by the noise from the next room.问题1选项A.displacedB.distractedC.dispersedD.discarded【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。displace “取代”；distract “分心”；disperse “分散，传播”；discard “丢弃”。句意：尽管我们尽力将精力集中在讲座上，但注意力还是被隔壁房间的噪声给分散了。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题The survey found 80 percent of viewers were （ ）by the violent scenes in the film.问题1选项A.damagedB.alertedC.offendedD.discouraged【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。damage损害；alert警惕；offend冒犯；discourage阻止，使气馁。句意：调查发现，80%的观众会被电影中的暴力镜头所触怒。be offended by意为“被.触怒”，选项C符合句意。7. 单选题The successful cooperation between the two countries should be based on （ ）respect and help.问题1选项A.respectiveB.mutualC.simultaneousD.separate【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。respective意为“各自的，分别的”；mutual意为“相互的，彼此的，共有的”；simultaneous意为“同时发生（或进行）的，同步的”；separate意为“独立的，分开的”。句意：两个国家之间的成功合作应建立在相互尊重和帮助的基础上。8. 单选题His memory seems to （ ）with age. There are a lot of things he couldnt remember clearly.问题1选项A.lessenB.diminishC.decreaseD.reduce【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。四个选项都可以表示“减少”。lessen指数目、程度、价值、实力等的减少；diminish指某事物对照原本基础上数量或质量少了很多；decrease指各种事物逐渐减少、逐渐衰弱的过程；reduce指缩小事物的范围、强度、数量等，也可指级别、地位或经济条件的降低。此处表示他的记忆力随着年龄的增长而减弱，记忆力变得比原来差，因此选B。句意：他的记忆力似乎随着年龄的增长而减弱，有很多事情他记不清了。9. 单选题Under normal circumstances the body can （ ）these naturally occurring substances into vitamins.问题1选项A.convertB.renderC.deriveD.originate【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。convert转化，转变；render致使，提供；derive源于，获得；originate发源，发生。句意：在正常情况下，身体可以将这些自然产生的物质转化为维生素。选项A符合句意。10. 单选题As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isnt the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europes new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on （扰乱） Europeans private lives.Europes new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, todays tech-savvy （精通技术的）workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage-twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative-dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles, they were young beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesnt leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasnt got time to get lonely because he has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult”. Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming” thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates. So relationships dont last long-if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says shed never have wanted to do what her mother did-give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.”1.More and more young Europeans remain single because（ ）.2.What is said about European society in the passage?3.According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are（ ）.4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that（ ）.5.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?问题1选项A.they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualismB.they have entered the workforce at a much earlier ageC.they have embraced a business culture of stabilityD.they are pessimistic about their economic future问题2选项A.It has fostered the trend towards small familiesB.It is getting closer to American-style capitalismC.It has limited consumer choice despite a free marketD.It is being threatened by irresistible privatization问题3选项A.warm and lightheartedB.on either side of marriageC.negative and gloomyD.healthy and wealthy问题4选项A.some modern women prefer a life of individual freedomB.the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day EuropeC.some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonelyD.most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable问题5选项A.To review the impact of women becoming high earnersB.To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualismC.To examine the trend of young people living aloneD.To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段第四句话提到“法国社会学家发现上个世纪从家庭生活转变为个人生活是个人主义必然的一部分”（The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over last century），选项A“他们被个人主义所驱使”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段第二句话提到“现在独居的人出现在欧洲从社会民主转向更尖锐、更个人主义的美国式资本主义期间”（The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism），选项B“它正在接近美国式资本主义”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第三段提到最新的独居者是一些三四十岁的高收入者，他们年轻、漂亮、强壮 （the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice；they were young beautiful, strong），选项D“健康的和富有的”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。文章最后一段引用的话“我想做我想做的事情：过自主的生活”（Instead, “Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life”），由此可知现代女人都期望过自主的生活，因此选项A“很多现代女人想过自由的生活”符合题意。第5题:主旨大意题。文章从一开始到结尾就是在讲述独居人群从之前的退休人群，尤其是老年妇女（pensioners, particularly elderly women）到现在的年轻的高收入者这样一个趋势，选项C“为了探究年轻人独居的趋势”符合题意。11. 单选题When asked for your views about your （ ）job, on no account must you be negative.问题1选项A.currentB.contemporaryC.occasionalD.universal【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。current意为“目前的，当前的，现在的”；contemporary意为“当代的，现代的”；occasional意为“偶尔的，不经常的”；universal意为“普遍的，一般的”。句意：当被问到你对当前工作的看法时，你决不能消极。12. 单选题Democratic government is a phrase that is notoriously hard to （ ）.问题1选项A.creditB.defendC.modifyD.define【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。credit信任，归功于；defend辩护，防守；modify修改；define定义。句意：民主政府这个词众所周知的难以定义。选项D符合句意。13. 翻译题Alex, now a first-year student in natural sciences at Cambridge, played football for his school in Manchester and directed the school production of a play. He left school with five As. Amanda, reading English at Bristol University, acted in plays at hers, and played tennis regularly. Yet she still managed to get four As.How do A students like these make it? Brains arent the only answer, the most gifted students do not necessarily perform best in exams, knowing how to make the most of ones abilities counts for much more.Hard work isnt the whole story either. Some of these high-achieving students actually put in fewer hours than their lower-scoring classmates. The students at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can easily learn. Here, according to education experts and students themselves, are the secrets of A students.Concentrate! Top students allow no interruptions of their study time. Once the books are open, phone calls go unanswered, TV unwatched and newspapers unread.Study anywhereor everywhere. A university professor in Arizona assigned to tutor underachieving college athletes, recalls a runner who exercise daily. He persuaded him to use the time to memorize biology terms.Organize your material. A drawer keeps essentials together and cuts down on time-wasting searches.Ask questions, “If you ask questions, you know at once whether you have got the point or not,” says Alex. Class participation is a matter of showing intellectual curiosity.After all, the secrets of A students are not so secret. You can learn and master them and become an A student, too.【答案】亚历克斯，现在是剑桥大学理科一年级的学生，曾在曼彻斯特的中学校队里踢足球，并且导演过学校的一部话剧。他以5A的成绩从初中毕业。阿曼达，布里斯托尔大学英语系学生，在中学里参加过戏剧演出，并且时常打网球，但她仍然拿到了4个A的成绩。这些优等生怎样做到这些的呢？脑子聪明并不是唯一的答案，最有天赋的学生不一定在考试中表现优异，知道如何充分利用自己的才能要重要得多。勤奋不能说明所有问题。这些成功的学生往往比那些成绩差的同学耗费在学习上的时间少。拔尖的学生们通过掌握一些其他人都能学到的基本技巧而得到高分。根据教育专家和学生们自己的叙述，优等生成功的秘诀有以下几点：专注！优等生在学习期间不会开任何小差。一旦打开书本，他们电话不接，电视不看，报纸不读。任何地方或者所有地方都能学习。亚利桑那州的一位教授被分配去辅导那些成绩普通的大学运动员。他记得有一名赛跑运动员每天都要训练。他说服那位学生利用跑步的时间去记忆生物学词汇。安排好资料。把必需的东西放在一个抽屉，这样能节约胡乱寻找东西的时间。提问。“如果你提问，你立刻就知道你是否抓住了重点”，亚历克斯说。课堂参与能够展现求知欲。毕竟，优等生的秘诀并不神秘。你可以学习，然后掌握这些秘诀，最后也成为一名优等生。14. 单选题Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economics trends. It found that human-influenced climate changes was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition（营养不良）and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forums report was “a methodological embarrassment” because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention”. But the report, he said, “will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed（有瑕疵的）”.However, Soren Anderasen, a social scientist at Dahl berg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards, while still curbing the emissions of the heat trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.1.What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?2.What do we learn about the Forums report from the passage?3.What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forums report?4.What is Soren Andreasens view of the report?5.What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?问题1选项A.Global temperatures affect the rate of economic developmentB.Rates of death from illness have risen due to global warmingC.Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countriesD.Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters问题2选项A.It was challenged by some climate and risk expertsB.It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circlesC.It was warmly received by environmentalistsD.It cause a big stir in developing countries问题3选项A.Its statistics look embarrassingB.It is invalid in terms of methodologyC.It deserves our closest attentionD.Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated问题4选项A.Its conclusions are based on carefully collected dataB.It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examinedC.It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conferenceD.Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders问题5选项A.How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warmingB.How human and economic losses from climate change can be reducedC.How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scaleD.How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第二段提到“受人类影响的环境变化导致了如营养不良及其他与高温相关的问题死亡率升高”(It found that human-influenced climate changes was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition and heat-related health problems)，选项B“由于全球变暖，死亡率上身”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第三段提到“在这篇报告发表之前就已经引起了很多气象和风险专家的批判”（But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions），因此选项A“受到一些气象和风险专家的挑战”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第五段提到皮尔克博士对于报告的看法，他认为这次报告就是一个方法论的尴尬（a methodological embarrassment），随后又解释了原因，由此可知在皮尔克博士看来，这个报告在方法论上是不成立的，选项B符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章第六段提到“很明显报告中的数据是粗略估计的，并且他认为这个报告是针对各国领导人提出的”（who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty），选项D“它的粗略估计是为了引起领导人的注意”符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。文章最后一段提到“在新闻发布会上，安南强调需要增加从富裕国家到贫穷国家的资金流动，来帮助减少气候变化给他们造成的伤害”（In a press rele