初中英语精典词汇辨析.doc

初中英语精典词汇辨析1. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes 统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth 指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称， 指一件衣服用 a piece of, an article of 2. incident, accident incident 指小事件, accident 指不幸的事故 He was killed in the accident. 3. amount, number amount 后接不可数名词，number 后接可数名词 a number of students 4. family, house, home home 家，包括住处和家人，house 房子，住宅，family 家庭成员。My family is a happy one. 5. sound, voice, noise sound 自然界各种各样的声音，voice 人的嗓音，noise 噪音 I hate the loud noise outside. 6. photo, picture, drawing photo 用照相机拍摄的照片，picture 可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing 画的画 Lets go and see a good picture. 7. vocabulary, word vocabulary 词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word 具体的单词 He has a large vocabulary. 8. population, people population 人口，人数，people 具体的人 China has a large population. 9. weather, climate weather 一天内具体的天气状况，climate 长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you. 10. road, street, path, wayroad 具体的公路，马路，street 街道，path 小路，小径，way 道路，途径take this road; in the street, Show me the way to the museum. 11. course, subjectcourse 课程（可包括多门科目），subject 科目（具体的学科）a summer course 12. custom, habitcustom 传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接 to do，habit 生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接 of doing.Ive got the habit of drinking a lot. 13. cause, reason cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接 of sth./doing sth，reason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接 for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise 运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises 练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习。 Practice makes perfect. 15. class, lesson作“课”解时，两者可以替换。指课文用 lesson. 指班级或全体学生用 class. Lesson 6; Class 5 16. speech, talk, lecture speech 指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk 日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话， lecture学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on 17. officer, officialofficer 部队的军官，official 政府官员 an army officer 18. work, job二者均指工作。work 不可数，job 可数 a good job。 19. couple, paircouple 主要指人或动物，pair 多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers 20. country, nation, state, landcountry 侧重版图，疆域;nation 指人民，国民，民族;state 侧重政府，政体;land 国土，国家 The whole nation was sad at the news. 21. cook, cookercook 厨师，cooker 厨具 He is a good cook. 22. damage, damagesdamage 不可数名词，损害，损失; damages 复数形式，赔偿金 $900 damages 23. police, policemanpolice 警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house. 24. problem, question problem 常和困难联系，前面的动词常为 think about, solve, raise，question 常和疑问联系，多和ask, answer 连用。 25. man, a man man 人类，a man 一个男人 Man will conquer nature. 26. chick, chicken 二者均可指小鸡，chicken 还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious. 27. telegram, telegraph 当电报解时，telegram 指具体的，telegraph 指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph 28. journey, trip, travel, voyage travel 是最常用的，trip 指短期的旅途，journey 指稍长的旅途，voyage 指海上航行 a three-day trip 29. sport, game sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game 指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming. 30. price, prize price 价格，prize 奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low.31. a number of, the number of a number of 许多， 谓语动词用复数。the number of 的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing. 32. in front of, in the front ofin front of 范围外的前面，in the front of 范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy. 33. of the day, of a day of the day 每一天的，当时的，当代的，of a day 暂时的，不长久的 a famous scientist of the day 34. three of us, the three of usthree of us 我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us 我们三个（就三个人）The three of us- Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema. 35. by bus, on the bus by bus 表手段，方式，不用冠词，on the bus 表范围 They went there by bus. 36. for a moment, for the moment for a moment 片刻，一会儿，for the moment 暂时，一时 Thinking for a moment, he agreed.37. next year, the next year next year 明年，将来时间状语，the next year 第二年，过去将来时间状语He said he would go abroad the next year. 38. more than a year, more than one yearmore than a year 一年多，more than one year 超过一年（两年或三年等） 39. take advice, take the(ones) advicetake advice 征求意见，take the advice 接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again. 40. take air, take the airtake air 传播，走漏，take the air 到户外去，散步 We take the air every day. 41. in a word, in wordsin a word 总之，一句话， in words 口头上 In a word, you are right. 42. in place of, in the place ofin place of 代替，in the place of 在地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one. 43. in secret, in the secretin secret 秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret 知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning. 44. a girl, one girla girl 可泛指所有女孩, one girl 一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box? 45. take a chair, take the chairtake a chair 相当于 sit down 坐下，take the chair 开始开会 46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea 50. in charge of, in the charge ofin charge of 管理，负责照料， in the charge of 由照料 He is in charge of the matter.The matter is in the charge of her. 51. in class, in the classin class 在课上，in the class 在班级里 He is the best student in the class. 52. on fire, on the fireon fire 着火, on the fire 在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire. 53. out of question, out of the question out of question 毫无疑问的，out of the question 不可能的54. a second, the second a second 又一，再一，the second 第 He won the second prize. 55. by day, by the dayby day 白天，by the day 按天计算 The workers are paid by the day. 56. the people, a peoplethe people 指人，a people 指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people. 57. it, oneit 同一物体，one 同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one. 58. that, thisthat 指代上文所提到的，this 导出下文所要说的 I was ill. Thats why . 59. none, nothing, no onenone 强调有多少，nothing, no one 强调有没有，nothing 指物，no one 指人 - How many / How much ? - None. 60. anyone, any one anyone 指人，不能接 of，any one 指人物均可，可接 of any one of you 61. who, whatwho 指姓名或关系，what 指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher. 62. what, whichwhat 的选择基础是无限制的，which 在一定范围内进行选择Which do you prefer, bananas or apples? 63. other, anotherother 后接名词复数，another 后接名词单数 other students, another student 64. not a little, not a bitnot a little 非常，not a bit 一点也不 Im not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。 65. many, much, a lot ofmany 和可数名词连用，much 和不可数名词连用，a lot of 可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句I havent many books. 66. much more than, many more thanmuch more than 后接形容词或不可数名词，many more than 后接可数名词 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful 67. no, notno = not a/any no friend = not a/any friend no water = not any water 68. no more than, not more thanno more than 相当于 only，仅仅，只有，not more than 至多，不超过 69. majority, mostmajority 只能修饰可数名词，most 可数不可数均可 the majority of people 70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself 单独的，独自的，for oneself 为自己，to oneself 供自己用的，of oneself 自行的，自动的 The door opened of itself. 71. at all, after allat all 根本，全然, after all 到底，毕竟 After all he is a child. 72. tall, hightall 常指人或动物，high 常指物体 He is tall. 73. fast, quicklyfast 侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly 侧重指某事完成或发生的快run fast, answer the question quickly 74. high, highlyhigh 具体的高，highly 抽象的高，高度的 think highly of 75. healthy, healthfulhealthy 健康的，健壮的，healthful 有益于健康的 healthful exercise 76. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping 正在睡觉，asleep 睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy 困的，有睡意的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. Im sleepy. 77. gold, goldengold 指真金制品，golden 指金色的，但金鱼用 gold fish, a gold ring 78. most, mostlymost 用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于 very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly 大部分，是副词 most people, the people are mostly 79. just, veryjust 表强调时是副词，作状语，very 表强调时是形容词，用作定语 the very man, just the man 80. wide, broadwide 侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad 侧重于幅面的宽广broad shoulders 81. real, true real 真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true 真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合 real gold, a true story 82. respectful, respectablerespectful 尊敬，有礼貌，respectable 可敬的，值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged83. outwards, outward二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward 还可用作形容词 an outward voyage 84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing pleasant 常用作定语，pleased, pleasing 常用作表语，pleased 主语常为人，pleasing 主语常为物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing. 85. understanding, understandable understanding 明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable 可理解的，能够懂的an understanding girl, an understandable mistake 86. close, closelyclose 接近，靠近，closely 紧紧地，紧密地 closely connected, stand close 87. ill, sick ill 做表语，sick 定，表均可 a sick boy 88. good, well good 形容词，well 副词，但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again. 89. quiet, silent, still quiet 安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent 不发出声音，但可以动，still 完全不动，完全无声响He stand there still. 他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。 90. hard, hardlyhard 努力，hardly 几乎不 work hard, I can hardly believe it. 91. able, capableable 与不定式 to do 连用，capable 与 of 连用 He is capable of doing 92. almost, nearly二者均为“几乎,差不多”和否定词连用 almost, almost nobody93. late, lately late 迟，晚，lately 最近，近来 I havent seen him lately. 94. living, alive, live, lively living, alive, live 均为活着的，living 定表均可，alive 定表均可，定语后置，live 只能做定语，lively 意为活波的 all the living people = all the people alive 95. excited, excitingexcited 使人兴奋的，exciting 令人兴奋的 Im excited. The news is exciting. 96. deep, deeplydeep 具体的深，deeply 抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep 97. aloud, loudaloud 出声地，loud 大声地 read aloud (出声地读) 98. worth, worthy二者均为值得，worth 后接 doing，worthy 后接 to be done126. care about, care forcare about 关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care for 关心，照料，喜欢，愿意He doesnt care about his clothes. I dont care for movies. 127. catch a cold, have a cold catch a cold 不能和表示“一段时间”的状语连用，而 have a cold 可以 She has had a cold for a week. 128. change for, change into change for 调换成，change into 变成 Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice. 129. continue, last 二者均为持续，continue 主动，被动均可，last 只能用主动 The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued. 130. feed, raise feed 喂养，养活，饲养 (to give food to)，raise 饲养，养育 (cause to grow, bring up children) raise the family 131. go for a doctor, go to a doctor go for a doctor 去请医生，go to a doctor 去看病132. notice, observe, catch sight of notice 注意到，observe 观察，仔细地看，catch sight of 突然看到 observe the stars 133. insist on, stick to insist on 坚持要求，后常接 doing, stick to 坚持, 后常接 sth., stick to the plan 134. look, seem, appear look 指从外表上看，seem 指内心的判断，appear 指给人以表面的印象 appear wise, look like his father 135. gather, collect gather 把分散的东西集中到一起，collect 指精心地、有选择地进行收集 collect stamps 136. mean to do, mean doing mean to do 打算，想要做某事，mean doing 意思是，意味着By this I mean giving the students more practice. 137. die from, die of die from 表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，die of 表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素 die of hunger and cold 138. pay for, pay back, pay off pay for 为付钱，pay back 还钱，但不一定还清，pay off 还清 pay for the book, pay off the debt 139. divide, separate divide 把一个整体分成几部分，separate 把连在一起的个体分开 divide the apple, separate the houses 140. arrive, get, reach arrive 不及物动词，后接 in (大地点)，at(小地点)，get 不及物动词后接 to，reach 及物动词 arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing 141. grow, plant grow 使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant 移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物 plant the trees, trees are growing 142. manage, try manage to do 设法做成了某事，try to do 尽力去做某事但不一定成功 He tried to pass the exam, but he failed. 143. choose, select choose 凭个人的判断力进行选择，select 有目的地仔细认真地选择 choose the best answer 144. build, put up, set up, found build 一般用语，建成，put up 临时搭建，set up 建成（内部的设施基本齐全）， found 国家或组织的建成 put up a tent, set up a school 145. be familiar to, be familiar with be familiar to 某物对某人来说是熟悉的，be familiar with 某人熟悉某物 The book is familiar to me. Im familiar with the book. 146. agree with, agree to, agree on agree with 同意某人，agree to 同意某事，agree on 在上达成一致意见，主语是复数 agree with you, agree to the plan147. throw to, throw at throw to 扔到, throw at 朝扔 He throw a stone at me. 148. receive, accept receive 收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept 接受 I received a gift, but I didnt accept it. 149. wear, put on, dress wear 和 dress 表状态, wear 接衣服等，可用进行时，dress 接人，be dressed in, put on 表动作 Its cold outside. Put on your warm clothes. 150. listen, hear listen 强调动作，hear 强调结果 I listened, but I heard nothing. 151. look, see, watch look 看的动作，see 看的结果，watch 强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展 watch TV 152. lie, lay lie 躺，位于(lay, lain);说谎(lied, lied)，lay 平放(laid, laid) lay the book 153. work as, act as work as 工作是，act as 充当某种职务或身份，或扮演某种角色 He works as a teacher. He acts as an interpreter.154. move, remove move 动一动，但不一定移走，remove 从一处移到另一处 remove the table to the kitchen 155. hurt, injure, wound hurt 感情上受伤，injure 事故中受伤，wound 战争中受伤 He was wounded in the war.156. turn, get, grow turn 表突变，后常接表颜色的词，get 强调变的结果，grow 强调过程，逐渐的变化 turn yellow, get tired, grow big 157. close, shut, turn off close 和 shut 当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体，turn off 用于指有开关的物体 Close/Shut the door. Turn off the TV.158. set out, set about, set off 指出发，着手解时， set out 后接 to do，set about 后接 doing, set off后接 for sp.159. begin, start begin 侧重时间的开始，反义词为 end，start 侧重由静到动的转折，反义词为 stop Class begins at 7:30 a.m. 160. happen, take place happen 偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生，take place 必然性的发生 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 161. at, in (表地点) at 小地点，in 大地点 arrive at a small village, arrive in Shanghai 162. at work, in work at work 在工作，在上班，in work 有职业，有工作 Both my parents are at work. They are not at home. 163. increase to, increase by increase to 增长到，increase by 增长了 The number increased by 2,000 to 5,000. 164. at ease, with ease at ease 舒适地，安逸地；with ease 容易地，无困难地 do it with ease 165. day after day, day by day day after day 日复一日（无变化）；day by day 一天天地（有变化）Trees grow taller day by day. 166. like, as like 相似关系，但并不等同， as 同一关系，两者实为一体 Dont treat me as a child. (In fact, Im a child.) 167. after, in (表时间) after 接时间点，in 接时间段 after 7:00, in five minutes 168. between, among between 两者之间，三者或三者以上两两之间, among 三者或三者以上之间 Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy. 169. after, behind (表位置) after 强调次序的先后，behind 强调物体静态位置的前后 There are many trees behind the house. 170. since, for (完成时间状语) since 接点时间或一句话，for 接一段时间 for three years, since 3:00 171. on the corner, in the corner, at the corner on the corner 物体表面的角上，in the corner 物体内部的角落里， at the corner 物体外部的角落上（拐角处）on the corner of the table 172. warn sb. of, warn sb. Against warn sb. of 提醒某人注意某事，warn sb. against 提醒某人不要做某事 warn him against swimming in that part of the river 173. at peace, in peace at peace 平静地，in peace 和平地 live in peace with ones neighbors 174. on earth, on the earth, in the earth on earth 在世上，在人间，到底，究竟，一点也不，on the earth 在地上，在地球上， in the earth 在地下，在泥土里 no use on earth 175. in surprise, to ones surprise, by surprise in surprise 惊奇地，to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是，by surprise 使惊慌 The question took the professor by surprise. 176. in the air, on the air, in the sky in the air 正在酝酿中，on the air 播送，广播，in the sky 在天空中 His show is on the air at 6:00 tonight. 177. in the field, on the field in the field 在野外，on the field 在战场上 He lost his life on the field. 178. in the market, on the market in the market 表示场所或地点，在市场上，on the market 出售 He sells fish in the market. Fresh vegetables are on the market now. 179. in the sun, under the sun in the sun 在阳光下，under the sun 地球上，全世界 people under the sun 180. in a voice, with one voice in a voice 出声地，with one voice 异口同声地 They refused with one voice. 181. through, across through 穿越空间，across 在上穿过 through the forest, across the desert 182. on the way, in the way on the way 在前往的路上，in the way 挡路 The chair is in the way. 183. above, on, over above 在上面，不接触，on 在上面，接触，over 在正上方 fly over the hill 184. until, not until until 到为止， not until 直到才（常跟点动词连用）I waited until 3:00. He didnt come until 3:00. 185. besides, except, except for besides 除了还（包括在内）except 除了（不包括在内）， except for 整体除了某一点以外 The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 186. whether, if 当“是否”解时，只有在宾语从句中二者可以互换，其余都用 whether，当“如果”解时用 if I dont know if/whether he will come. If he comes, Ill let you know. 187. and, or and 并且，or 或者，否则，常用于否定句中 I dont like apples or bananas. Hurry up and youll catch the bus. Hurry up or youll miss the bus. 188. because, since, as, for 原因由强到弱为：because, since/as, for. 在句中的位置如下： 1) because 2) Since/as , 3) , for ， Since I was ill, I didnt go. 189. when, as, while (表时间) when 从句动词点动词，持续性动词均可，as 重在表示动作同时发生，伴随进行， while 从句动词为持续性动词 While I slept, a thief broke in. 190. The same as, the same that The same as 和一样的（相似但不同一），The same that 同一物体This is the same pen that I used yesterday. (同一支笔) 191. as well, as well as as well 也，常放于句末，和 and 连用表示既又；as well as 并列连词，不但而且 He is a professor, and a writer as well. 192. such as, such that such as 像样的，such that 如此以至于 He is not such a fool as he looks like. He is such a good student that all the teachers like him. 193. because, because of because 连词，连接两句话，because of 介词短语，后接词或短语 He didnt go to school because of his illness. 194. in order that, in order to 表目的，in order that 后接句子，in order to 后接动词原形 I got up early in order to catch the first bus. I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.195. for example, such as for example 一般只列举一个，such as 列举多个例子 I have been to a lot of American cities, such as New York, Atlanta and Chicago.