动词不定式标准教案.doc

非谓语动词之动词不定式适用学科高中英语适用年级高中三年级适用区域通用课时时长（分钟）60知识点1. 动词不定式的表现形式2. 动词不定式的基本用法3. 复合结构不定式4. 疑问词 + 动词不定式5. 动词不定式的否定式6. 动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系7. 动词不定式的被动语态用法教学目标能很好判断动词不定式的各种用法教学重点掌握不定式的时态表达教学难点如何正确地判断句子中需要动词不定式教学过程 一、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节内容，并引入本节课程内容 二、知识讲解考点/易错点1 动词不定式的表现形式动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。 动词不定式的形式变化：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。 不定式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式主动to buildto have builtto be buildingto have been building被动to be buildto have been build考点/易错点2 动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如： （1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other. （2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。 （3）作宾语：作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. （5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I dont think it right to do it that way. （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：目的状语： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. 结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式，表示“足能”的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 考点/易错点3 复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day. 考点/易错点4疑问词 + 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.考点/易错点5动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成，如：Its wrong of you not to attend the meeting. 考点/易错点6动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：I am sorry to have kept you waiting.（3）进行式：动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.考点/易错点7动词不定式的被动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用被动语态形式，如：What is to be done next hasnt been decided yet. 三、例题精析【例题1】【题干】I felt it a great honor _ to speak to you. A. to ask B. asking C. to be asked D. having asked 【答案】C【解析】因句中的 it 为形式主语，不定式 to be asked to speak to you 为真正主语，因“我”与ask为被动关系，故用被动式。【例题2】【题干】I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 【答案】B【解析】like 和 love后接不定式或动名词均可，但 would love / like 后只能接不定式，据此可排除选项 C、D。表示过去未曾实现的愿望，其后要接不定式完成式，即选 B。 【例题3】【题干】Before you decide to leave your job, _ the effect it will have on your family. A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered 【答案】A【解析】选A，before 引导的是时间状语从句，填空句为主句，而此主句为一祈使句，故动词用原形。其中 it will have 为修饰名词 the effect 的宾语从句。 四、课堂运用【基础】1. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up2. The discovery of new evidence led to _. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 3. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 4.To test eggs, _ them in a bowl of water: if they float theyre bad, if they sink theyre good. A. put B. putting C. to put D. to be putting 【巩固】5. “Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?” “_ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.” A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. to be getting 6. He was reading his book, completely _ to the world. A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. to have lost 7. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do 【拔高】8. “How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?” “The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.” A. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D. to solve, made 9. Tom enjoys _ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesnt he? Yes, he does. But what his sister enjoys _. A. to play; dancing B. playing; to dance C. to play; to dance D. playing; is to dance 10. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired答案与解析1. 选 B。devoteto 的意思是“把贡献给”或“致力于”，其中 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，若后动词要用动名词。句中的 he had 为定语从句，用以修饰 all，注意不将 had to 视为同一个语义结构。 2. 选 C。lead to 意为“导致”，其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，若后接动词要用动名词。由于逻辑主语 the thief 与catch 为被动关系，故答案选 C。 3. 选 D。look forward to 意为“期盼”，其中 to 是介词，后接动词要用动名词。注意不能选 B，因为 pay a visit 不能带 the flower-lined garden 作宾语，假若在 paying a visit 后加上介词 to，则可选 B。 4. 选A。句首的 to test eggs 为目的状语，填空句为祈使句谓语，故要用动词原形。 5. 选C。to get enough protein and nutrition 表目的。 6. 选A。(be) lost to sth 为习语，意为“不再受某事物的影响”、“将某事物置之度外”。 7. 选 A。不定式的否定式总是将否定词 not 置于不定式符号 to 之前，而不能置于其后，同时结合 tell sb (not) to do sth 这一结构可排除选项 C、D。当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时，为避免重复，通常省略该不定式而只保留不定式符号 to。 8. 选 B。the key to 意为“的关键”，其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，若后接动词要用动名词。另一方面，名词 demand 与 make 是被动关系(make demands 提出要求)，同时根据句中的 by the customers，可确定答案选 B。 9.D。enjoy后常接-ing形式作宾语; what his sister enjoys作主语,is to dance构成句子的谓语。 10.D。needing to be repaired相当于needing repairing,在句中作定语。另外,require和want也有类似的用法。 课程小结 本次课主要讲解了非谓语动词之动词不定式的高考考点，学生要复习理解其各种用法，解题时先判断题目需要填写谓语还是非谓语动词形式，然后再根据不定式的几种用法对号入座。高考对于非谓语的考查有很多地方，尤其是2014年的新题型中更是突出了对动词的考查，所以希望同学们能重视起来。课后作业【基础】1. I was afraid _ to my customers because I was afraid _ them. A. of talking back; to lose B. of talking back; of losing C. to talk back; to lose D. to talk back; of losing 2. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _ the flowing of the smog around me. A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy 3. I cant get my car _ on cold mornings, so I have to try _ the radiator with some hot water. A. run; to fill B. running; filling C. running; to fill D. ran; filling 4. What did the librarian _ out of the library? A. permit to take B. forbid to be taken C. allow to take D. insist being taken 【巩固】5. When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend _. A. playing with B. having played with C. with whom to play with D. with whom to play 6. You _ part in the party on time. Sorry, I was delayed by the accident. A. are to take B. have supposed to take C. were to have taken D. supposed to take7. The matter _ your study surely requires _ carefully. A. relating to; dealing with B. related to; dealt with C. related to; being dealt with D. relating to; having dealt with 【拔高】8. He moved away from his parents and missed them _ enjoy the exciting life in New York. A. much so as to B. very much to C. too much to D. enough to 9. Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum (博鳌论坛)because they knew what _ from the forum. A. to get B. to be got C. got D. getting 10. There was a famous person at the party whom everyone would like _ to themselves. A. to introduce B. to be introduced C. introducing D. being introduced答案与解析1.D。be afraid to do作不敢解(侧重指不敢作出的一种行为); be afraid of doing 作担心解(侧重强调害怕产生某种后果)。 2.A。but用作除了解,当其前含有实义动词do时, 则but后的不定式短语要省去to。 3.B。get my car running意为使我的车发动起来;try doing表示试一试做某事的办法;try to do意为努力去做某事。 4.B。forbid sb./sth. to do sth.为固定用法,此句中forbid 的宾语为what。 5.D。with whom to play为介词+关系代词+不定式结构在句中作定语,其相当于一个定语从句(with whom she could play)。 6.C。You were to have taken part in the party.意为你本来应该参加那次聚会的。 7.A。 relate to意为 与有关;涉及,第一空既可以用relating to, 也可以用related to;deal with为固定短语,与the matter之间是被动关系,因此,应用dealing with(主动形式表被动意义)或to be dealt with。 8.C。此题考查too.to.(太而不能)句型。 9.A。英语中,许多动词(如:know ,decide, tell sb., show sb.等)后可接疑问代词或疑问副词+不定式短语的结构来作宾语。题中knew what to get相当于knew what they would get。 10.B。此题考查would like sb. to do 的结构。题中的introduce与whom之间是被动关系。