新目标八年级下册英语常用短语.doc

新目标八年级下册英语常用短语Unit 1 Will people have robots? 1. in the future 在将来 2. live to (be) years old 活到岁 3. in 100 years 一百年后 4. free time 空闲时间 5. talk about 谈论，谈及，谈到 6. high school 高中 7. computer programmer 电脑程序员 8. space station 太空站 9. fall in love with 爱上 10. go skating 去滑冰 11. be able to 能，会 12. on vacation 度假 13. the World Cup 世界杯 14. keep a pet pig 饲养一头宠物猪 15. job interview 工作面试 16. fly to 飞往 17. come true 实现，成为现实 18. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事 19. ones own 某人自己的 20. science fiction movies 科幻影片 21. help (sb.) with sth. 帮助（某人）做某事 22. hundreds of 数百，成百上千的 23. the same as 和相同 24. wake up 醒来；唤醒 25. talk to/with 和交谈 26. try to do sth. 试图做某事，尽力做某事 27. get bored 变得厌倦 28. over and over (again) 一次又一次，再三地 Unit 2 What should I do? 1. keep out 不准进，阻止进入 2. argue with sb. 和争吵 argue about sth. 为争吵 3. out of style 过时的，不时髦的 in style 流行的，时髦的 4. call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb. 给.打电话 5. give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.给某人某物 (bring, lend, pass, sell, send, show, take, write, read等与give一样) 6. a ticket to a ball game 一张球赛的门票 (与ticket类似的名词有：answer, key, visit, trip, journey, entrance, exit等) 7. on the phone 在电话中，用电话 8. pay for 付的款 9. a part-time job 一份兼职工作 10. borrow from 从借( 进) 11. lendto 把借（出去）给 12. ask sb. for sth. 向要 13. bake sale 面包或糕饼售买活动 14. Teen Talk 青少年论坛 15. buy sb. sth. = buy sth for sb买给 (类似的动词还有：build, book, cook, get, keep, make, order,find等) 16. the sameas 和一样的 17. tell sb (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 18. want sb. to do sth.= would like sb. to do sth.想某人做某事 19. find out 发现；查明；核实 20. do sth. wrong 做错某事 21. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 22. be angry with 生的气 23. fail the test 考试不及格 24. get on well/badly with 和相处得好（差） 25. have a fight with sb.=fight with sb 与某人打架 26. fit in/into 抽空去做某事 27. notuntil 直到才 28. as as possible 尽可能 29. complain about 抱怨，埋怨 30. take part in = join in 参加（某种活动/集会） 31. all kinds of 各种各样的 32. comparewith 拿和比较 33. on the one hand 一方面 34. on the other hand另一方面 35. by oneself = on ones own 某人自己，独自地 Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 1. in front of 在（范围之外）的前面 in the front of 在（范围之内）的前面 2. barber shop 理发店 3. get out of 到外，离开 4. walk down/along 沿走 5. call the police 报警 6. take off (飞机)起飞；脱（衣帽） 7. an unusual experience 一次不寻常的经历 8. the Museum of Flight 航空博物馆 9. take photos 照相 10. a police officer 警官 11. run away跑开，逃跑 12. walk around 四处走走 13. think about 考虑，思考，回想 14. Beijing Iternational Airport 北京国际机场 15. at the doctors 在医务室，在诊所 16. in (the) hospital 在医院，在住院 17. in history在历史上 18. the city of 城，市 19. hear about/of 听说，得知 20. ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人（不要）做某事 21. in silence沉默不语 22. take place发生 23. the World Trade Center 世贸中心（美国） 24. in space 在太空 25. a national hero 民族英雄 26. all over the world = around the world 全世界 Unit 4 He said I was hard-working 1. soap opera 泡沫剧，电视（连续）剧 2. on Friday night 在星期五晚上 3. be mad at 生的气 4. have a surprise party 举行一个惊喜晚会 5. not anmore 不再，再也不 not any more no more not any longer no longer 6. Young Lives 年轻的生命 7. direct speech 直接引语 reported speech 间接引语 8. first of all 首先 9. do a homework project 设计作业计划 10. pass on 传递 11. work on 从事，设计，演算，操作 12. be supposed to do sth.被期望（要求）做，应该做 13. be good at 擅长 14. do well in 在方面表现得好 15. report card 成绩单 16. have a (bad) cold 患（重）感冒 17. in good health 身体健康 18. end-of-year exams = final exams 期末考试 19. have a big fight 大吵了一架 20. in/at school 在学校，上学 21. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事 22. get over克服，恢复，原谅 23. a poor mountain village 一个贫穷的山村 24. sound like 听起来像 25. the Peking University 北京大学 26. the Ministry of Education 教育部 27. the Chinese Young Pioneers 中国少年先锋队 28. Chinas rural areas 中国的偏远地区 29. sea level 海平面 30. the thin air 稀薄的空气 31. agree with sb./sth. 同意, 与相符（一致） agree on/about sth. 同意，赞成 32. bothand和都 33. most of 大多数，大部分 34. open up 打开，展开，开发，揭露 35. a good start 一个良好的开端 36. care for照料，照顾，计较，关心 37. in danger 处于危险之中 Unit 5 If you go to the party，youll have a great time!1. have a great/good/nice/wonderful time 玩得高兴 =have fun = enjoy oneself 2. at the party 在晚会上 3. end of year party 年终晚会 4. take away拿走，取走 5. all the time=always一直，始终，总是 6. ID card 身份证 7. the old peoples home 老年之家 8. make money 赚钱 9. round the world = all over the world 全世界，世界各地 10. go to college上大学 11. work hard 努力工作（学习） 12. a professional athlete 职业运动员 13. a dream job 理想的职业 14. make a living谋生 15. play sports 进行体育运动 = get/do exercise 16. get injured 受伤 17. in fact事实上，实际上 18. mobile phone 移动电话 19. too much 太多 20. laugh at嘲笑，因而发笑 Review of Units 1-51.watch out = be careful = look out = take care 小心，当心，注意 2. turn down (音量)放小，（光线）调暗 turn up (音量)放大，（光线）调亮 turn on 打开（开关、按钮） turn off 关（开关、按钮） 3. would like to do sth. 想要做某事 = feel like doing sth. = want to do sth. 4. the dinning room 餐厅 5. make friends (with) (和)交朋友 6. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人在做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事 7. make predictions 做预测 8. hope to do sth. 希望做某事 = wish to do sth. 9. in order to 为了 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 1. how long 多长，多久 2. a skating marathon 滑冰马拉松 3. a pair of 一双，一副,一把，一条 4. raise money （for charity） （为慈善机构）募捐，筹钱 5. the whole five hours 整整五个小时 6. three and a half years 三年半 = three years and a half 7. thanks for 因而表示感谢 8. run out of 用完，用尽 9. by the way 顺便说一下，顺便问一下 10. in Russian style 以俄罗斯的风格 11. fly kites 放风筝 12. a talent show 才艺表演 13. finish doing sth. 结束做某事 14. be interested in 对感兴趣 15. Chinese dynasty 中国的王朝 16. famous characters 著名人物 17. think of 考虑，想起 18. in Russian style 俄罗斯的风格 19. tell sb. about sth. 把的情况告诉某人 20. enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事 21. the Olympic Games 奥运会 = the Olympics 22. far away 在远处 Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music ?turn down (音量)放小，（光线）调暗 turn up (音量)放大，（光线）调亮 turn on 打开（开关、按钮） turn off 关（开关、按钮） 2. not at all 一点也不 3. right away = in a minute 立刻，马上 4. do/wash the dishes 洗碗 5. put on 穿上（动作） 6. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 7. make posters 制作海报 8. have a long telephone conversation 煲电话粥 9. wait in line 排队 10. cut in line 插队 11. follow sb. around 跟在某人周围 12. get mad = get annoy = get angry 生气，感到恼火 13. try (not) to do sth. 尽力（不去）做某事 14. seem like 看上去像 15. even if/though 尽管、即使 16. take care = be careful 小心 17. in public places 在公众场合 18. in public 公开地，当众地 19. break the rule 不遵守规则 20. put out 熄灭 21. pick up 捡起、拾起 Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf?photo album 相册 2. leave school 毕业离校 3. take care of = look after 照顾，照看 4. too to 太而不能 5. these days 目前，现在 6. a pot-bellied pig 大肚猪 7. not at all 根本不,一点也不 8. fall asleep 入睡 9. give away 分发，赠送 10. pay for 付的款 11. rather than 而不是 12. in different ways 以不同的方式 13. as as 与一样 14. native speakers 说本族语的人 15. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 16. make progress 取得进步 17. the Olympic Committee 奥委会 18. have fun with sth. 做某事有乐趣 = have fun doing sth. 19. hear of 听说 20. take an interest in = be interested in 对感兴趣 21. make friends with 和交朋友 Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?have been to 到过某处 2. an amusement park 游乐园 3. a water park 水上公园 4. a roller coaster 过山车 5. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事 6. walk around 四处走动 7. take a ride 兜风 8. on board 在船上 9. take different routes 走不同的路线 10. end up 结束 11. argue with sb. 与某人争吵 12. an English-speaking country 说英语的国家 13. an exchange student 交换生 14. a flight attendant 一名机组乘务员 15. a tour guide 导游 16. such as 例如 17. listening skills 听力技能 18. in Southeast Asia 在东南亚 19. take a holiday 度假 20. three quarters 四分之三 21. have problems (in) doing sth. 做某事很费劲 22. during the daytime = in the day 在白天 23. all year round 全年,一年到头 24. wake up 醒来，唤醒，叫醒 Unit 10 Its a nice day, isnt it?1. small talk 闲聊 2. look through 浏览，快速查看 3. a thank-you note 一封感谢信 4. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好 5. feel like (doing) sth. 想要（做） 6. have a hard/difficult time doing sth 费了很大的劲做某事 7. come along 到达，出现，跟着来，赶快 8. get along/ on 相处 9. at least 至少 八年新目标知识总结+ 交通方式1. “by交通工具名词”表示交通方式。此时交通工具的名词只能用原形，不能用复数，也不能被冠词或物主代词等修饰。如： My parents often go to work by bus. 我父母常坐公共汽车去上班。 He comes here by taxi. 他乘出租车来这儿的。 2. “by交通路线的位置（地理名词）”表示交通方式，表示“由途径”。如：by sea（从海路），by water（从水路），by air（由航空；乘飞机），by land（由陆路）等。如： We are going to England by air. 我们打算乘飞机去英国。 3. “in交通工具名词”表示交通方式。不过此时交通工具名词前须用冠词、名词的所有格形式或形容词性物主代词等限定词修饰。其用法与“by交通工具名词”相同。如：in the plane（taxi，car）by plane（taxi，car） I usually go to school in a（my）car. 我通常乘小汽车去上学。 4. 用“on限定词交通工具名词”。也表示“乘；坐”之意，也相当于“by交通工具名词”。不过，on多用于开放式或半封闭式交通工具，而上面同学所说的in则多用于封闭式交通工具。试比较： Dont come here on the ship（by ship）. 不要乘船来这里。 She goes to the station in a taxi. 她乘出租车去车站。 5. “take a（the）交通工具名词”表示交通方式，表示“乘；坐”。如：take a bus（乘公共汽车），take a train（乘火车）等等。 6. “ride限定词交通工具名词”表示交通方式，意为“骑”。如：ride a bike（骑自行车），ride a horse（骑马）等。 而ride to表示“骑车（马）去”，相当于go to. . . by. . . 。如：Lily rides a bike to her home. （Lily goes home by bike. ）莉莉骑车回家。 7. “fly to”表示“乘飞机；飞往”，相当于go to. . . by airplane；“drive to”表示“驱车开车去”，相当于go to. . . by buscartaxi等。 表示“步行去某地”可用“go to某地on foot”，也可用“walk to某地”。如：We go to the cinema on foot. （We walk to the cinema. ）我们步行去看电影。 问“职业”在英语中，询问某人从事何种职业或干什么工作时，常用以下句型： I. What dodoes某人do？如： What do you do？你是干什么的？ I am a bus driver. 我是公共汽车司机。 What does your father do？你父亲是干什么的？ He is a teacher. 他是教师。 【注意】该句型有时还可以用来询问某人经常做什么事。如： What do you do every evening？你每天晚上干什么？ I do my homework and watch TV. 我做家庭作业、看电视。 II. Whatbe某人？如： What are your parents？你父母是干什么的？ They are doctors. 他们是医生。 Whats your brother？你哥哥是干什么的？ Hes a soldier. 他是名战士。 III. Whats ones job？如： Whats your job？你是干什么工作的？ I am a worker. 我是工人。 Whats her mothers job？她妈妈是干什么工作的？ She is a nurse. 她是护士。 【考考你】补全对话，每空一词。 Excuse me，Mr Black，where are you _(1)？ Im from New York. Thats in _(2). Oh，great！Where do you _(3)now？ I work in China. _(4)do you do？ Im a _(5). I drive a bus. Do you have any _(6)？ Yes，I have a son and a daughter. Do you _(7)working in China？ Yes，I do. The Chinese people are very _(8). Can you _(9)Chinese？ Yes，_(10)only a little. (Keys：1. from 2. America 3. work 4. What 5. driver 6. children 7. like 8. friendly 9. speak 10. but) 形容词比较等级构成规则歌诀比较级要变化，一般词尾加-er。 最高级要牢记，词尾要加-est。 一般情况直接加，下列几条是特例。 词尾有e省去e，nice-nicer-nicest就是例。 如遇“辅音字母+y”词，变y为i再加-er，-est， easy-easier-easiest是一例。一辅重读闭音节， 末尾字母先双写，再把-er，-est后边接。 举个例子就明了，big-bigger-biggest你知道。语法重点1.直接引语变间接引语1、人称的变化 直接引语中的人称要根据间接引语中的主语来做适当的变化。 a)、She said, “I like singing English songs very much.” b)、He said to me, “I left my book in your room.” 2、时态的变化 在间接引语中，如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化。直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时3、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化This these now today next week last month yesterday tomorrow two days ago here this place come bring 在下列各句的转变过程中，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。 81、陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），谓语动词用said或say。 The teacher said, “Ill give you an exam tomorrow.” z2、祈使句 转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，如果是带please的祈使句，则用ask sb. to do sth.结构；如果是表示命令的祈使句，则用tell / order sb. to do sth.结构。如果祈使句为否定式，则要用ask / tell / order sb. not to do sth.结构。 The mother said to her son, “Please close the door.” The teacher said, “Dont make so much noise, boys and girls.”3、一般疑问句 直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if来引导，宾语从句用陈述句语序。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked, 没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语如me, him或us等。 She said, “Are you interested in English?” Jack said, “Did you see Wei Fang last night?”4、特殊疑问句直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，宾语从句中要用原来的特殊疑问词接陈述句语序。He asked me, “Where have you bought the pen?”She said to Li Ping, “When will you fly to Hang Zhou?”语法重点2.宾语从句一、定义 简单的说 , 宾语从句就是一个或是几个从句充当主句中的宾语成分。二、主要类型1）由连接代词或连接副词引导。 连接代词或连接副词引导的从句只是在某些动词后能用作宾语，这些动词有see , say , tell , ask ,answer ,know , decide , wonder , understand , discuss ,show等等：e.g Do you know what he has said ? Can you tell me which class you are in ? Do you know what kind of person she is ? Lets see how we can finish the hard work . Have you decided whom you would visit tomorrow ? Please show me where your passport is . Lucy still wondered why he couldnt pass the exam .2） 由连词 whether 或 if 引导。（口语中常用 if ）e.g She asked me if she could borrow these books . Lily wanted to know if / whether her grandma liked the handbag .注：1)中所列的动词后也常可用 whether , if 引导的从句作宾语；e.g Im wondering if the letter is over - weight . I dont know whether this answer is right .另外，这种从句前面有时还可以另有宾语。e.g Please tell me which book I should read first . You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus stop . Did she say anything about how the work was to be done ？3)由that引导。（ 在口语或非正式文体中常省略 ）e.g He knew ( that ) he should work hard . He said ( that ) he would like to see the Headmaster .注意：在某些句型中，特别是带复合宾语的句子中，that 引导的从句常常移到后面去，前面用一个 it 作形式上的宾语。(但是，有时 it 也可以省略）e.g We all thought it a pity that she couldnt come . I took his word for it that he would try his best to help us .（他说他要想一切办法帮我们，我相信他说的是真话。） I take it that we are to leave early .（我想我们动身是会很早的。）三、宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况1.引导词由陈述句变来的宾语从句，用连词 that 等引导，并且在口语中常常省略此词：e.g He said （ that ）he had a new dictionary . I know ( that ) Lucy can play football very well .但是，如果 that 引导的是几个表示并列关系的宾语从句时，最后一个 that 不能省略。e.g I know ( that ) Tom comes from France and that he teaches in a middle school in Guilin now .由一般疑问句转换而来的宾语从句，用 whether 或 if 引导，并且两词可以互用。但是 whether 可以和 or not 连用，而 if 不能。e.g I want to know whether ( if ) she still lives there . Please tell me whether you can come or not .由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句，由特殊疑问词 who , whom , whose , which , when , where , why , how 等引导 。e.g I dont know whose book it is . Do you know where our English teacher lives ? The teacher asked what was happening . He wanted to know why you can play the piano so well .2.语句的顺序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。e.g Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum ? He asked him where he came from . Did you know whats the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterday？Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower .3 . 时态的变化当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。e.g Tom has been to Guilin twice . she will come tomorrow .I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . he is interested in English . 当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。e.g he would go to Xian . he was ill yesterday .He said ( that ) he was reading a book . he had had supper already当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。e.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . The teacher told the students that no news is good news . We should know what he said is only the truth . I know that he is an exellent student . The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health . 4.标点符号 宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。e.g He asked me if / whether I could help him . Please tell me which colour you like best . Do you know where Li Ping is ? Could you tell me how to go the No.28 Middle School ? Would you please tell the teacher how old you are ? 5.宾语从句的否定形式 一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是 think , expect , believe , guess , imagine , suppose 等表示“认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。e.g I dont think its going to rain . I dont believe she will lend you the money . 但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是 hope ，则不适用于这种规则。e.g I hope he wont come . 6.宾语从句中的特殊情形 在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意：句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用 “ ask sb. to do sth. ” 的句式。e.g Dont open the door . （用 they 作主语变为宾语从句） They ask not to open the door . 代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。e.g “ I come from Canada ” , Lucy says . Lucy says that she comes from Canada . 若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是 does 或 did 时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。e.g I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ? ” I asked Tom what he liked best . The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ? ” The teacher asked me if I have read the book . He asked , “ Who can carry the box ? ” He asked who could carry the box .