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语法填空题的解题技巧 Carter Woo201312.一题型解读：语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文， 然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10道语法填空题。做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。此题的短文长度应在200词左右。学生在解答语法填空题时应具备以下语法知识：二、语法填空的考查范围：1语境(上下文)；2语法：动词(时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式)、名词、代词、冠词、介词。固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。(1) 动词：动词时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词等知识。(2) 引导词：注意一些从句的使用， 如：定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等。(3) 形容词、副词、名词、动词之间的词型、词性转换， 形容词与副词的比较级、最高级等知识。(4) 介词：一些常用介词的基本用法、介词短语和动词短语的用法。(5) 名词、冠词：注意名词的单、复数、可数、不可数以及冠词的特殊性用法。(6) 代词：注意代词所指代的对象和前后对应的关系。(7) 并列词：and, so, or, otherwise等表示并列、对比， 以及表示承接、转折的副词therefore, however的用法。(8) 句型：要求归纳整理， 并且牢固掌握一些基本常用句型， 如： notuntil； not onlybut (also)； sothat； notbut； asas； eitheror； morethan； neithernor； suchthat； hardlywhen； no soonerthan等。三、语法填空的能力要求：1阅读/理解语篇的能力 2分析句子结构的能力3熟练运用语法的能力 4单词拼写能力四.语法填空题空格设计1. 纯空格：介词，连词，代词，冠词，从句引导词，情态动词，强调组动词等2.有提示：谓语动词，非谓语动词，名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词的比较级或最高级五.答题步骤1、快速浏览全文，把握文章大意和作者写作意图，总体时态；2、分析句子结构-主谓结构; 3、根据上下文把握空格意思。六技巧与实例。（一）. 纯空格试题的解题技巧。首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧：技巧1：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。注意是从句还是简单句哦。（S+V+._ +V.）/（S+V._S+V.）从句只能用相应的从句引导词。（S+V.+and/or_.+ V）简单句缺主语这时可用人称代词或名词。例1I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _gets there almost in a second. At the same time, there had been a growing number of overseas students _came back to China after study.Then I went to the department store I worked part-time and bought her an expensive gift box of Sichuan beef.技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词)，很可能是填限定词。（一般情况下名词前都有限定词哦中文一般可有可无）例2It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _rice crop grow up quickly. 例3the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to_small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 技巧3：句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。例4 who should have the honor of receiving me _a guest in their house.Dont be always particular _ your present work and income.技巧4：若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。如果有了连词，那得注意连词前后的一致性。注意名词的数，形容词和副词的级以及动词的型！例5two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars. Many other actors are _ _ (badly)off than me at present例6all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. If you spend time weighing and calculating gains and _ (lose), you will be most likely to end up in empty handedness. We must practice speaking and (write) the language whenever we can.技巧5：若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。例7 I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days I was to return to Guangzhou. 例8 He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _he felt very happy技巧6：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。(S+ can/will/should/may/must+do.; S+ do/did/does+ do)例9What is acceptable in one country be considered extremely rude in another. 例10 He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary.技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1)由it isthat强调结构的形式，判断填it还是that。例11 and was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。例12 _with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。例13 as took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists 例14Dating sites also make easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (4)so /suchthat句型。如：例15 This made the goat so jealous_ _it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. (5)morethan (与其说不如说，比更)句型。如：例16Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _ _ how much he pays. It was not long the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table.(二) 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。技巧8：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时（一般都有连词），所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。例17His fear of failure _(keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. 例18 That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, (close) my book and walked away.例19 In Logan, three people _ _ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. 技巧9：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时(没有连词)，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用ing形式、ed形式，还是用to do形式，确定的方法主要有：(1)作主语或宾语，通常用ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。如：例20 but it is not enough only (memorize) rules from a grammar book.例21_ (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。例22 _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. 例23 Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _ (succeed).(3)作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。如：例24 He saw the stone, (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.”例25 The headmaster went into the lab, _ (follow) by the foreign guests.(4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用ing形式，是被动关系用ed形式。如：例26 Lessons (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. 例27 With the problem (solve), I felt proud of my achievement.Storms swept along New Mexicos border with Texas on Friday, _ (destroy) homes and other buildings and injuring(三)、词类转换题的解题技巧根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：技巧10：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。例28 The youngster immediately felt _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.例29 In a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to例30 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject技巧11：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式,注意用适当的形式哦。如：例31 When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.例32 These people have made great _ (contribute) to China with their work. 例33 instructors expect students to be familiar with _ (inform) in the reading技巧12：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un, im等，在词根后加less等。如：例39 People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ (use).例40 Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office.技巧13：括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。如：例41The other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped even _ (hard) and finally made himself out. 实战练习：2013广东高考真题One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he 1 ( find ) that he had run out of salt.So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it; neither too much 2 too little.”His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, 3 not save a bit of money?”“That would be a very 4 ( reason ) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.Nicks guests, 5 had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell salt 6 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 7 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”“But such a small thing couldnt 8 ( possible ) destroy a village.”“In the beginning, there was only 9 very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always 10 ( think ) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”祝愿所有的学子们:金榜题名!相信自己,你们是最棒的。
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